Untitled Quiz

Academic Writing

• Essays express personal viewpoints on topics, explaining or proving points.
• Pre-writing Stage: Developing a concept involves identifying the audience, purpose, and topic.
• Gathering Materials: The first resource should be the writer themselves.
• Developing a Plan: Idea mapping, storyboarding, or formal outlines are various methods.
• Idea Mapping: Uses visuals to connect ideas and their relationships.
• Story Mapping: Ideas placed on index cards to organize.
• Formal Outline: Logic and structure for the paper.
• Sentence Outline: Complete sentences arranging the paper's structure.
• Paragraph Outline: More formal, with each paragraph having a topic sentence, supporting details, and a conclusion.

Writing Stage

• Writing Stage is a guide, not rigid rules.
• First draft includes the thesis statement.
• Support claims with research data.
• Outline or plan is not a strict requirement.

Post-Writing Stage

• First draft might need reorganizing or adjustments (adding/omitting paragraphs, info).
• Incorporate all resources in a bibliography.
• Proofreading is critical.

Public Speaking

• Conveying ideas, opinions, and information to a crowd.
• Types of speeches are based on purpose:
  • Expository/Informative Speeches: Answering basic questions (what, how, why). These are non-controversial and non-debatable topics.
• Different Speech Delivery Types:
  • Manuscript Reading: Material is read word-for-word.
  • Memorized Speech: Delivered from memory, without notes.
  • Impromptu Speech: Delivered spontaneously, with little or no prep.
  • Extemporary Speech: Little prep; brief notes.

Interviews

• Fact-finding: Gathering data for decisions or problem-solving.
• Job Selection: Evaluating applicant qualifications.
• Informational: Seeking information, collecting facts and data.
• Exploratory: Exploring ideas, data, and facts to understand issues.
• Performance Appraisal: Evaluating job performance.
• Counseling: Improving relationships & behaviour.
• Grievance: Resolving differences to improve situations.
• Sales Interviews: Aiming to make a sale or resolve an issue.
• Exit Interviews: Identifying reasons for leaving a company or organization for improving goodwill.

Types of Interviews

• Open-ended questions allow explanation, comparison.
• Direct questions require very specific answers.
• Mirror-type questions rephrase the answers (to improve understanding).
• Probing questions delve deeper into answers.
• Loaded questions intend to provoke emotional responses.
• Problem-solving questions assess problem-solving abilities.

Organizational Communication

• Communication flows within institutions for accuracy and efficiency. Purpose is to transfer and receive information quickly and effectively.

Business Letter Structure

• Letterhead: Sender's contact info.
• Date: Letter's writing date.
• Inside Address: Recipient's address.
• Salutation: Greeting (e.g., Dear Sir/Madam).
• Body: Main content of the letter.
• Closing: Closing remarks (e.g., Sincerely).
• Signature: Writer's signature (and sometimes title).
• Different styles: Full block, blocked, semi-block.

Memoranda

• Used for internal communication.
• Includes heading, body, and closing.
• Heading: Includes date, recipient, sender, topic.
• Body: Contains message/details.
• Closing: Concludes the memo.