Untitled Quiz

Lecture Information

• Lecture-1: History of Architecture - I, Introduction, August 6th, 2018
• Lecture-2: Egyptian Civilization, August 8th, 2018
• Lecture-3: Mastaba, August 8th, 2018
• Lecture-4: Important Terms, August 13th, 2018
• Lecture-5: The Temple of Abu Simbel, August 20th, 2018
• Lecture-6: August 24th, 2018

Prehistoric Architecture

• Prehistoric architecture refers to the period before written history.
• Early human architecture focused on providing basic shelter.
• Features included imitation of animal nests and shelters with natural materials.
• Types of primitive dwellings categorized as caves, huts, and tents.
• Prehistoric structures have little or no architectural value today.
• Examples include Monoliths (menhirs,), Dolmens, Cromlechs and Tumuli.

Egyptian Civilization

• Egypt flourished in the Nile River valley of Africa.
• The Nile River provided fertile land and a communication route.
• The land consisted of a desert with fertile strips.
• The Nile's water was critical in sustaining agriculture.
• Key aspects of Egyptian culture included religion and social hierarchy.

Mastaba

• Mastaba tombs are ancient Egyptian tombs
• They are flat-roofed, rectangular structures.
• Found in the early eras of the Egyptian civilization.
• Initially, simple, but later more complex with internal rooms and passages.
• Different types of mastabas include the predynastic burial, early stone, and step tombs.

Construction Systems

• Trabeated system relies on horizontal lintels supported by vertical posts.
• Arcuated system utilizes wedge-shaped blocks in an arch.
• Other important terms include obelisks and pylons (temple entrances with two towers).

The Temple of Abu Simbel

• Elaborate temple dedicated to Rameses II and his wife Nefertari.
• It's a magnificent rock-cut structure.
• Carved into a solid rock cliff.
• The temple has colossal statues of Ramses II and Nefertari.
• Designed to align with the sun on specific dates.

Dwellings

• Egyptian houses, based on paintings and sculptures, were often multi-storied.
• Buildings had a central corridor, access to rooms, and sometimes rooftop areas.
• They were typically constructed using brick materials and natural materials.

Obelisks

• Monumental pillars used in pairs at temple entrances.
• Often made of granite, tapering upwards, with hieroglyphics.
• Large and heavy stone structures.

The Sphinx

• Ancient stone sculpture with a lion's body and a human head.
• Located near the pyramids of Giza.
• Likely a representation of a pharaoh.
• Precise construction date and purpose remain undiscovered.

Different Types of Columns

• Columns with various capitals (decorative tops) such as Hathor-headed, lotus, palm, and papyrus, distinguished by their designs.
• Capitals often depict religious or cultural significance.