Sample Quiz

substance that can't be broken down

smallest unit of an element

contains multiple elements chemically combined + can be decomposed

smallest unit of a compound

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Br and Hg

oxygen and fluorine

neutrons + top is P+N

NH4+ and H30+

cation is metal and +, anion is nonmetal and -

sodium chlorIDE

IDE OR ATE

metal + roman charge + anion ( IDE ) = iron (II)chloride

mono di tri tetra penta hexa hepta octa nona deca

ionic + prefix hydrate = Na2CO3 . 10 H2O

concentration in. mol/L

mass ratio in g/L

m solute/m solvent x10^6 vs x10^9

/MM /volume of solution

xL xMM

moles

x 2/1 ratio. x avo. = molecules

only ratio

xratio xMM

/MM x ratio

moles x molar ratio = whichever is less limits

given actual, theoretical = max possible (take what ur given and to stoic to find) formula is %=A/T x100

orbital

size, principal quantum number, 2s = 2 3p = 3

2nd quantum number, shape, s = 0 p = 1

magnetic #, orientation if 2nd its -

spin, -1/2 or 1/2

distance from nucleus where there's no chance of finding an electron n-L-1

transition you remove s first

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repulsion by other electrons reducing attraction

closer to nucleus = more attraction = better at penetrating 2s>2p>1s

Cr-3d5 Cu-3d10

1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p

malleable, conductors and cation

brittle, non conduct and anion

1/2 distance between nucleus of 2 identical atoms -- bottom

pull on electron by nucleus/ inner é shield outer é from the pull Zeff = Z(atomic number)-shielding top

loses electrons so greater zeff vs gain electrons but experience electron repulsion bottom

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energy to remove loosest é be in a gas state and in an endo process top

smaller = more energy

B<Be -> 2p<2s since s penetrates deeper II--> double bonds in config is harder to remove because or é repulsion easier to remove

after valence

electrons affinity : energy for adding an é , can be endo or exo higher charge = easier to add é/more - easier to add

noble = filled shell so you have to add to a higher n 2a= s is done so you have to add to p which is harder 15a=1/2 np so you have to pair with another

to reduce potential energy

NM share and ionic transfer

tightness of pull in covalent bond more - gets the - dipole more difference in negativity = more polarity

energy required to separate a mole into gas ions c(Z+)(Z-)/Ro

odd valence electron deficient hypervalent (more than 8)

position

short polar bond bottom

number of bonds/ sides

deltaH= bonds broken - bonds formed

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LP 3 2 1

electronegative difference making a dipole non symmetrical

sp is 180 2 is 120 3 is 109.5

IMF = solid KE=gas

solid melt and partially overcome liquids fully overcome

intra is a strong bond keeping it intact inter holds them tot but it weak

dispersion-in all atoms, fluctuations in é distribution causes a temporary dipole causing these(more MM and attraction and surface contact and dipole = larger é cloud dipole - dipole --polar and permanent H- very - and H since nucleus gets exposed and strong positive pull from center

polar vs non polar

polar forces so strong they only want themself

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