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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of heading elements in a document?

  • To enhance image visibility
  • To indicate the importance of text
  • To assist in outlining the document's structure (correct)
  • To create hyperlinks to external pages

Which of the following best describes the function of the 'href' attribute in an anchor element?

  • To specify the location of the resource being linked (correct)
  • To create a text description for the link
  • To set the color of the hyperlink
  • To define the style of the linked text

What happens when a requested document cannot be found on a web server?

  • An index.html page is displayed instead
  • Automatic email notification is sent to the user
  • A 404 error message is returned to the browser (correct)
  • The server redirects to a different page

How do browsers typically render hyperlinks by default?

<p>In blue color and underlined (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which image formats are most popular among web developers?

<p>PNG and JPEG (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using the 'mailto:' URL in hyperlinking?

<p>To trigger an e-mail client for sending a message (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the browser do when a URL provided does not specify a document?

<p>It displays the site's default web page (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element indicates high importance in content and is typically displayed in bold?

<p>strong (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of meta elements in HTML5 documents?

<p>To specify information about a document. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of the DOCTYPE declaration in HTML5?

<p>It instructs the browser to render the page in standards mode. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do comments in HTML5 affect the rendering of a document?

<p>They are ignored by the browser during rendering. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to use internal linking in an HTML5 document?

<p>To facilitate easier page navigation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tag is essential for indicating the start of an HTML5 document?

<html> (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role do tables play in HTML5 according to its functionalities?

<p>They help structure information from databases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about the meta elements in HTML5?

<p>They contain actual content of the webpage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of resource do clients request from web servers?

<p>HTML5 documents. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the title element in an HTML5 document?

<p>To describe the web page for search engines and bookmarks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the head section of an HTML5 document?

<p>It provides metadata and can include CSS and scripts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of void elements in HTML5?

<p>They do not have end tags and are self-closing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the character set in the head section affect the rendering of the web page?

<p>It determines how the browser displays the content (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly defines a paragraph in HTML5?

<p>Text enclosed between <p> and </p> tags (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which heading element in HTML5 denotes the highest level of importance?

<p>h1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do attributes in HTML5 tags enhance the elements?

<p>They provide additional information for elements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the title shown in the browser tab when a user bookmarks a page?

<p>It serves as the display name for the bookmark (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

HTML5

A markup language for structuring web pages displayed in browsers.

HTML document

A file containing HTML code, saved with a .html or .htm extension.

Document Type Declaration (DOCTYPE)

Essential for browsers to render HTML correctly.

Quirk mode

Browser compatibility mode for older web pages.

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HTML Comment

Code ignored by browsers for readability.

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html element

Encloses the head and body of an HTML document.

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head element

Contains meta-information about the HTML document, like title.

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body element

Contains the visible content of an HTML document.

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Heading size

Headers (h2, h3, etc.) use progressively smaller fonts.

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Heading purpose

Headings help viewers understand page content and create document outlines.

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Hyperlink definition

A hyperlink is a link that references or links to other resources like web pages, images, or files.

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hyperlink default styling

Web browsers usually display hyperlinks as underlined blue text.

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Anchor element use

The "a" element is used to create hyperlinks.

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href attribute

The href attribute in an anchor element specifies the location or target of the hyperlink, such as a web page or file.

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Default web page

If a URL doesn't point to a specific document, a web server typically displays (or defaults to) a specific page (usually indexed as index.html).

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404 error

A web server returns a 404 error when it cannot locate a requested file or document on a website, and displays an error message to the user.

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HTML5 Head Section

The head section of an HTML document contains information about the document, like character set and title, plus formatting instructions (CSS) and scripts (JavaScript).

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HTML5 Body Section

The body section contains the main content displayed to the user.

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Start and End Tags

Most HTML elements are defined using opening and closing tags. For example,

(start) and

(end).

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Void Elements

Some HTML elements don't require closing tags.

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HTML Attributes

Additional information about an HTML element, specified within the opening tag.

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Title Element

The title element provides the title of the web page, displayed in the browser tab or title bar.

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Nested Element

An HTML element contained within another HTML element's start and end tags.

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Paragraph Element

The paragraph element (

) in HTML is used to define a paragraph of text.

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Study Notes

Introduction to HTML5

  • HTML5 (HyperText Markup Language 5) is a markup language defining the structure and content of web documents displayed in web browsers.

Basics HTML

  • Tables: Useful for structuring information from databases (structured sets of data).
  • Forms: Collect information from web page visitors.
  • Internal linking: Facilitates easier page navigation.
  • Meta elements: Specify information about the document.

Editing HTML5

  • Create HTML5 documents by typing the markup in a text editor (e.g., Notepad, TextEdit, vi, emacs) and saving with the .html or .htm extension.
  • Web servers store HTML5 documents.
  • Clients (e.g., web browsers) request HTML5 documents.

First HTML5 Example

  • The first example displays "Welcome to HTML5!" in the browser, using the main.html document.

First HTML5 Example (Cont's)

  • Document Type Declaration (DOCTYPE): Necessary for correct browser rendering (standards mode). Some browsers use quirks mode for backward compatibility with older web pages.

Comments

  • Insert comments in HTML5 markup for better readability and description of content.
  • Browsers ignore comments during rendering.
  • Comments start with <!-- and end with -->.

html, head and body Elements

  • HTML5 markup contains text, images, graphics, animations, and multimedia (audio and video).
  • The html element encloses the head and body sections.
  • The head section provides information about the document, such as character set (UTF-8) and title.
  • It can also contain formatting instructions (CSS3 style sheets) and client-side scripts for dynamic pages.
  • The body section contains the page’s content displayed when a user visits the page.

Start Tags and End Tags

  • HTML5 delimits most elements with start and end tags.
  • Start tag: Element name in angle brackets (e.g., <html>).
  • End tag: Element name preceded by a forward slash in angle brackets (e.g., </html>).
  • Some elements (void elements) don't have end tags.
  • Attributes provide additional information about elements (name="value").
  • Lowercase letters are the preferred format for element and attribute names.

Title Element

  • The title element is nested inside the head element.
  • Titles appear in the browser title bar and tab.
  • Titles help users identify pages in their favorites/bookmarks.
  • Search engines use titles for indexing and displaying results.

Paragraph Element

  • <p>...</p> tags form a paragraph. All text inside these tags comprises a single paragraph.

Headings

  • HTML5 uses six heading elements (h1 to h6) to display information with varying levels of importance.
  • <h1> is the most important heading, rendered in the largest font.
  • Successive heading elements are progressively smaller (h2, h3, etc.).
  • Headings create visual structure and help users understand the content.
  • Browser text sizes may vary; CSS can control formatting.
  • Headings are important for navigation and search engine indexing.

Linking

  • Hyperlink: A reference or link to other resources (HTML5 documents and images).
  • Web browsers typically underline hyperlinks and color them blue.

Linking (Cont.)

  • Anchor a element creates links.
  • The href attribute specifies a resource’s location (e.g., web page, file, email).
  • If a URL doesn't point to a specific document, the server might return a default page (often index.html).
  • If a document can't be found, a 404 error is returned.
  • Enclosing attribute values in single or double quotes is recommended.

Hyperlinking to an E-Mail Address

  • Anchors can link to an email address using the mailto prefix followed by the email address.
  • When clicked, this opens a default email client enabling the user write an email to the linked address.

Images

  • PNG and JPEG are common image formats used by web developers.
  • Users can create images using specialized software (e.g., Adobe Photoshop Express, GIMP, Inkscape).
  • Images can be sourced from various websites (often royalty-free)

Images (cont.)

  • src attribute in the img element specifies the image location.
  • alt attribute provides text that is displayed if the image isn’t loaded. Optional width/height attributes specify the image dimensions. Pixels are the units of measurement for images.
  • Images are represented using the void img element.

Images (Void Elements)

  • Certain HTML elements (void elements) consist only of attributes and don’t contain content
  • Use a forward slash (/) at the end of the start tag to mark void elements.
  • Examples include image (img) elements.
  • Images can be used as hyperlinks to create graphical web pages that link to resources.
  • Multiple image hyperlinks can be created on a page.
  • Clicking an image takes the user to the linked web page.

Special Characters and Horizontal Rules

  • Character entity references: Used to represent special characters (e.g., &, >, <) that cannot be displayed directly (e.g. using &amp; for &). The references are in the form &code;. Codes can be abbreviations or numbers (decimal or hexadecimal).
  • Horizontal rules (<hr>) are used for visual separation in documents. They add space above and below the rule line. CSS is preferable for control over horizontal rules.

Lists

  • Unordered list (<ul>): Creates a bulleted list in which each item begins with a bullet symbol (typically a disc). Each entry is an li (list item) element. Browsers often render list items with line breaks and item markers at the beginning.
  • Nested lists: Can be used to represent hierarchical relationships, like in a multi-level outline.

Tables

  • Tables: Used to organize data into rows and columns for easy readability.
  • Table (<table>) defines an HTML table.
  • The caption (<caption>) element specifies the table’s title.
  • Tables consist of sections: <thead>, <tbody>, <tfoot>.
  • <tr>, <th>, <td> elements create rows, header (table header) cells, and data cells respectively.
  • Attributes rowspan and colspan: Used in table cells to specify the number of rows or columns a cell should span.

Tables (Cont.)

  • <tr> element defines individual rows in a table.
  • <th> element defines a header cell in a table.
  • <td> element defines a table data cell.

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