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Questions and Answers

What is the structure formed by one T-tubule and two terminal cisternae?

  • Triad (correct)
  • Z-line
  • Myofilament
  • Sarcomere
  • Which band in the muscle fiber corresponds to the overlapping portion of myosin and actin filaments?

  • A-band (correct)
  • H-zone
  • I-band
  • Z-line
  • What feature characterizes the H-zone within the A-band?

  • It contains only actin filaments.
  • It is devoid of myosin filaments.
  • It has a high concentration of actin filaments.
  • It appears light due to actin overlap. (correct)
  • Which protein component is NOT found in the myosin filament?

    <p>Tropomyosin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the myosin head during muscle contraction?

    <p>Actin binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the length of the I-band affected during muscle contraction?

    <p>It shortens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the sarcomere in muscle fibers?

    <p>Distance from Z-line to Z-line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which site is the attachment point for thick filaments within a sarcomere?

    <p>M-line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical diameter range of smooth muscle cells?

    <p>2-10 μm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein complex is absent in smooth muscle that is commonly found in skeletal muscle?

    <p>Troponin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily generates action potentials in smooth muscle?

    <p>Ca2+ current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is characteristic of smooth muscle cells compared to skeletal muscle?

    <p>Ability to undergo mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In smooth muscle, what influences contractile activity but is NOT a neurotransmitter?

    <p>Oxygen levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resting membrane potential (RMP) range of smooth muscle?

    <p>-50 to -60 mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functionality of 'slow waves' in smooth muscle cells?

    <p>They cause spontaneous electrical changes in RMP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures in smooth muscle is different from that in skeletal muscle?

    <p>Varicosity structure at neuromuscular junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during incomplete tetanus?

    <p>Partial dissipation of elastic tension between stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines complete tetanus?

    <p>There is no time for dissipation of elastic tension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the staircase effect or Treppe?

    <p>Strength of contraction increases with repeated stimuli of the same intensity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the length-tension relationship?

    <p>Muscle contraction strength is dependent on muscle length before contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in a short sarcomere?

    <p>There is little room for actin filaments to slide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the warm-up phenomenon in muscle contraction?

    <p>Increased availability of Ca2+.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of contracture?

    <p>It can be induced without action potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines spatial summation?

    <p>It occurs through multiple motor units being activated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a motor unit composed of?

    <p>A motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of skeletal muscle fiber is known for being slow and oxidative?

    <p>Type I fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily responsible for increasing muscle strength during exercise?

    <p>Increasing the number of motor units activated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which training method is associated with hypertrophy of muscle fibers?

    <p>Strength training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a characteristic of endurance training?

    <p>Change in the size of muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does muscle tone result from?

    <p>Nerve excitement from the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of skeletal muscle fiber is characterized as fast-glycolytic?

    <p>Type IIb fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What increases during strength training that contributes to muscle performance?

    <p>Anaerobic glycolytic enzyme content increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of cardiac muscle?

    <p>Blood circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is NOT involved in smooth muscle contraction regulation?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is shared by both skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle?

    <p>Striated structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cardiac muscle prevent tetanus during contractions?

    <p>Prolonged refractory period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of junctions are primarily responsible for allowing electrical impulses to propagate in cardiac muscle?

    <p>Gap junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT influence smooth muscle contraction?

    <p>Hydration levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of contraction in cardiac muscle?

    <p>Calcium release-induced calcium release</p> Signup and view all the answers

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