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Questions and Answers

What is the structure formed by one T-tubule and two terminal cisternae?

  • Triad (correct)
  • Z-line
  • Myofilament
  • Sarcomere

Which band in the muscle fiber corresponds to the overlapping portion of myosin and actin filaments?

  • A-band (correct)
  • H-zone
  • I-band
  • Z-line

What feature characterizes the H-zone within the A-band?

  • It contains only actin filaments.
  • It is devoid of myosin filaments.
  • It has a high concentration of actin filaments.
  • It appears light due to actin overlap. (correct)

Which protein component is NOT found in the myosin filament?

<p>Tropomyosin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the myosin head during muscle contraction?

<p>Actin binding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the length of the I-band affected during muscle contraction?

<p>It shortens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the sarcomere in muscle fibers?

<p>Distance from Z-line to Z-line (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which site is the attachment point for thick filaments within a sarcomere?

<p>M-line (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical diameter range of smooth muscle cells?

<p>2-10 μm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein complex is absent in smooth muscle that is commonly found in skeletal muscle?

<p>Troponin C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily generates action potentials in smooth muscle?

<p>Ca2+ current (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is characteristic of smooth muscle cells compared to skeletal muscle?

<p>Ability to undergo mitosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In smooth muscle, what influences contractile activity but is NOT a neurotransmitter?

<p>Oxygen levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the resting membrane potential (RMP) range of smooth muscle?

<p>-50 to -60 mV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the functionality of 'slow waves' in smooth muscle cells?

<p>They cause spontaneous electrical changes in RMP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures in smooth muscle is different from that in skeletal muscle?

<p>Varicosity structure at neuromuscular junction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during incomplete tetanus?

<p>Partial dissipation of elastic tension between stimuli. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines complete tetanus?

<p>There is no time for dissipation of elastic tension. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the staircase effect or Treppe?

<p>Strength of contraction increases with repeated stimuli of the same intensity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the length-tension relationship?

<p>Muscle contraction strength is dependent on muscle length before contraction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in a short sarcomere?

<p>There is little room for actin filaments to slide. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the warm-up phenomenon in muscle contraction?

<p>Increased availability of Ca2+. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of contracture?

<p>It can be induced without action potential. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines spatial summation?

<p>It occurs through multiple motor units being activated. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a motor unit composed of?

<p>A motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skeletal muscle fiber is known for being slow and oxidative?

<p>Type I fiber (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily responsible for increasing muscle strength during exercise?

<p>Increasing the number of motor units activated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which training method is associated with hypertrophy of muscle fibers?

<p>Strength training (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a characteristic of endurance training?

<p>Change in the size of muscle fibers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does muscle tone result from?

<p>Nerve excitement from the spinal cord (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skeletal muscle fiber is characterized as fast-glycolytic?

<p>Type IIb fiber (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What increases during strength training that contributes to muscle performance?

<p>Anaerobic glycolytic enzyme content increase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction?

<p>Acetylcholine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of cardiac muscle?

<p>Blood circulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is NOT involved in smooth muscle contraction regulation?

<p>Insulin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is shared by both skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle?

<p>Striated structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does cardiac muscle prevent tetanus during contractions?

<p>Prolonged refractory period (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of junctions are primarily responsible for allowing electrical impulses to propagate in cardiac muscle?

<p>Gap junctions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT influence smooth muscle contraction?

<p>Hydration levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of contraction in cardiac muscle?

<p>Calcium release-induced calcium release (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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