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Questions and Answers

What factors primarily drive demand in the textile industry?

  • Technological advancements and competition
  • Consumer tastes and cost of products (correct)
  • Environmental sustainability and brand reputation
  • Labor costs and government regulations

What was a major consequence of the collapse of the Rana Plaza building in Bangladesh?

  • It resulted in widespread governmental regulations in the textile sector.
  • It sparked a debate about consumer and merchant responsibility. (correct)
  • It marked the end of the textile industry in Bangladesh.
  • It led to increased investments in textile factories in Asia.

How has the textile industry influenced cultural trends historically?

  • By introducing television advertising.
  • By importing raw materials from Europe.
  • Through the promotion of sustainable practices.
  • By establishing the world’s first international commercial highway. (correct)

What major shift occurred during the Industrial Revolution regarding the textile industry?

<p>The introduction of automated machinery. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'deindustrialization' refer to in the context of the textile industry?

<p>The movement of manufacturing jobs to countries with lower labor costs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did western colonial powers play in the development of the textile industry?

<p>They utilized colonies to provide resources and consume finished products. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been a consistent feature of the textile industry for thousands of years?

<p>Adaptation to consumer trends and economic changes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What issue arises when excessive regulations are imposed on textile companies?

<p>Companies relocate to jurisdictions with fewer regulations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one major change introduced by the Douglas DC-3 in 1935?

<p>It had a cruising speed of 207 mph and could carry up to 32 passengers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which airline began the use of Boeing 307s and contributed to the transformation of air travel?

<p>Pan Am (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did commercial flights carrying paying passengers start to become more commonplace?

<p>1920s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized aircraft landings during the early days of commercial flight?

<p>They frequently landed to refuel due to shorter ranges. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these airlines was established in 1923?

<p>Czech Airlines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common experience for passengers traveling by plane in the early commercial flight era?

<p>Regular occurrences of air sickness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact on airline passenger numbers from 1930 to 1934?

<p>Increased from 6,000 to almost half a million. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which advance in airline travel occurred during the 1950s and 1960s?

<p>Rise of jet engine aircraft leading to more commercial flights. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one major impact on airport security after 9/11?

<p>Cockpit doors were locked, restricting access. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long did it take for air passenger numbers to reach pre-9/11 levels?

<p>Until 2004 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region is noted for the boom in all-inclusive resort hotels?

<p>The Mediterranean (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historical development allowed more people to visit seaside resorts in the 19th century?

<p>The expansion of railway networks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the surge in online travel bookings reportedly occur?

<p>By 2009 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ancient civilization is credited with the origins of spa culture?

<p>The Romans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributed to the growth of passenger numbers through the 2010s?

<p>Rise of low-cost carriers and online bookings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What marked the return of the seaside vacation trend during the 18th century?

<p>Early proto-tourism movements in Britain and Germany (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Post-9/11 Airport Security Changes

Airport security measures became much stricter after the 2001 terrorist attacks, including no more companion passes and locked cockpit doors.

Air Passenger Recovery After 9/11

It took several years (until 2004 and 2007) for air passenger numbers to return to pre-9/11 levels and then surpass pre-9/11 records.

Online Travel Bookings Rise

Online travel bookings increased significantly around 2009, with half of all bookings made online.

All-inclusive Resort Growth

All-inclusive resort hotels saw major global growth, gaining significant popularity with customers from many countries.

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Resort History: Seaside Living

The idea of seaside living has ancient origins (Romans) and experienced resurgence in modern history.

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Resort History: Spas & Roman Roots

The concept of spas also has ancient origins in Roman curative bathing complexes.

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Resort History: Accessibility by Trains

The development of railways in the 19th and early 20th centuries significantly aided accessibility and the growth of seaside resorts.

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Resort History: Rise of Paid Holidays

The introduction of regular paid holidays in the 1930s provided another key element necessary for increased tourism development and resort use.

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Commercial air travel in the 1920s

Commercial flights became more common with multi-engine planes like the Lawson C-2, allowing paying passengers to travel. Early airlines like KLM, Avianca, Qantas, and Czech Airlines developed during this period.

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1920s airplane limitations

Unpressurized cabins made air travel noisy, cold, expensive, and slow. Frequent turbulence and air sickness were common, necessitating in-flight nursing assistance.

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Douglas DC-3 Impact

The Douglas DC-3, introduced in 1935, significantly improved commercial flight. Its increased passenger capacity, speed, and range made it popular with airlines like Delta, TWA, American, and United.

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Pressurized cabin

The Boeing 307 introduced the first pressurized cabin in the late 1930s, dramatically improving passenger comfort at high altitudes.

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1930s air travel growth

Passenger numbers in air travel saw significant growth, from 6,000 in 1930 to nearly half a million in 1934. This indicated the growing importance of aviation.

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1950s-1960s air travel

The introduction of jet engines caused a major surge in commercial air travel, new routes and airlines, with major airlines intensely competing in the market and providing amenities like better meals.

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Early Airline Carries

Notable examples of early airline carries that are still operational today are KLM, Avianca, Qantas, and Czech Airlines

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Airline Competition

Major airlines in the 1950s and 1960s intensely competed to attract passengers by offering various amenities such as better meals and wine

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Rana Plaza Disaster

A 2013 building collapse in Bangladesh housing a clothing factory that killed over 1100 workers. It exposed unsafe working conditions and raised questions about responsibility in global supply chains.

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Textile Industry Evolution

The textile industry has evolved over thousands of years, from ancient trade hubs like China, Turkey, and India along the Silk Road to modern mass production.

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Demand Drivers in Textiles

Consumer tastes and the cost of products are key factors driving demand in the textile industry, influencing what companies produce and sell.

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Global Textile Production

Companies often relocate their textile production to countries with lower wages and less regulation to minimize costs.

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Early Textile Trade

The earliest trade hubs for textiles were located in ancient China, Turkey, and India, forming a vital part of the Silk Road.

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Industrial Revolution's Impact

The Industrial Revolution in England starting in 1760 significantly impacted the textile industry, leading to mass production using colonies for resources and markets.

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Impact of Colonialism

Colonialism played a significant role in the development of the textile industry, providing both resources and markets for European powers.

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The Silk Road

The Silk Road was an ancient trade route connecting East and West, facilitating the exchange of goods like silk, leading to cultural and economic development.

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Study Notes

Alcohol Industry

  • Alcohol, spirits, and wine have historically been profitable businesses.
  • Gin's development was impacted by trade policies and unintended consequences.
  • Rum's production was influenced by political factors.

Gin Craze

  • Historically, gin was mixed with juniper berries and herbs for flavoring/medicine.
  • 16th-century Dutch created genever (gin).
  • Gin was inexpensive and popular, but also influenced by political decisions (e.g., tariffs on French brandy/wine).
  • William III (King of England) imposed tariffs on French brandy & wine, while giving tax breaks to British gin distillers, causing resentment.
  • Gin Lane in London exemplified excessive gin consumption and public drunkenness.
  • The Gin Act of 1751 was enacted to control production and curb abuse.
  • Gin's popularity decreased due to backlash and increased regulation, but came back in the 1800s with the addition of quinine to enhance its properties as an antimalaria medicine.
  • Gin and tonic became a popular mix in combination with quinine water

Rum

  • Rum is a type of liquor distilled from molasses (sugar byproduct).
  • Became popular in the 1700s especially.
  • Large sugar plantations developed in the Caribbean.
  • Significant demand for cheap labor led to a large increase in the importation of African slaves.

Cuba

  • Facundo Bacardi founded the Bacardi rum company in Cuba.
  • Cuban Revolution led to government seizing of distilleries.
  • Bacardi family moved business to avoid government seizure.
  • Continued legal battle over property damage and compensation.

Prohibition

  • Prohibition involved restricting or banning the sale and consumption of alcohol at different periods.
  • It mostly stemmed from protestant moral beliefs, but also from economic concerns.
  • In Alberta in 1918, $12 million was spent on liquor.
  • Influenced by similar movements in the US, prohibitionist groups in Canada worked to restrict the liquor trade.
  • The Dominion Alliance for the Total Suppression of the Liquor Traffic and the Women's Christian Temperance Union were two major groups involved.
  • Women's roles were often more important due to alcohol abuse issues.
  • Prohibition laws also existed at the local level in some regions of Canada, and not all areas were affected equally.
  • In the early 20th century this issue impacted businesses because of loss in profit.
  • The issue of profit vs health was a recurring argument, with the majority of the focus on the profits created by alcohol.

Wine Industry

  • France and Italy have been historically major exporters of wine.
  • Newcomers to the market, like South Africa and Australia, have grown into larger participants in the industry.
  • Wine production in Europe and other countries has been heavily supported by governments.
  • Reduction in consumption and demand for high quality goods influenced the wine industry.

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