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What is the primary function of a synapse?

To facilitate muscle contraction

To enable communication between neurons (correct)

To transport nutrients across cell membranes

To release hormones into the bloodstream

Which mechanism of cellular communication involves hormones affecting cells throughout the body?

Synaptic communication

Endocrine communication (correct)

Direct contact

Paracrine communication

What structure at the end of an axon is involved in neurotransmitter release?

Synaptic knob (correct)

Axon hillock

Synaptic cleft

Dendritic spine

In which of the following mechanisms do molecules on the surface of one cell interact directly with receptors on an adjacent cell?

Direct contact Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of synaptic vesicles found in the end bulb of an axon?

To store and release neurotransmitter chemicals Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the gap between the end bulb of a presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron?

Synaptic cleft Signup and view all the answers

What type of synaptic communication relies on neurotransmitters binding to receptors?

Synaptic communication Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of synaptic transmission?

Transmission is direct between neurons Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerves are classified as motor cranial nerves?

CN III, CN IV, CN VI, CN XI, CN XII Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cranial nerves is solely sensory?

CN I: Olfactory nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Intima Pia layer of the limiting membrane?

It supports cerebral vessels in the subarachnoid space. Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for eye movement and pupil constriction?

CN III: Oculomotor nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve pairs sensory and motor functions?

CN V: Trigeminal nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the meninges is known as the 'dura mater'?

Outer layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the septae formed by meningeal layer infolds?

Restricting displacement of the brain Signup and view all the answers

Which structure partially separates the cerebellar hemispheres?

Falx Cerebelli Signup and view all the answers

Which sinus is associated with the upper fixed margin of the Falx Cerebri?

Superior sagittal sinus Signup and view all the answers

What does the tentorium cerebelli primarily support?

Occipital lobes Signup and view all the answers

Which space separates the arachnoid mater from the pia mater?

Subarachnoid space Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries provide blood supply to the meninges?

Middle, anterior, and posterior meningeal arteries Signup and view all the answers

What structure roofs over the pituitary fossa and is perforated by the infundibulum of the pituitary?

Diaphragma Sella Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of neurotransmitters in the end bulb?

The influx of calcium ions Signup and view all the answers

What must happen for an action potential to occur in the postsynaptic neuron?

Threshold must be reached due to sodium ion influx Signup and view all the answers

Which process describes the movement of neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of synaptic vesicles in neurotransmission?

To store neurotransmitters for release Signup and view all the answers

What role do sodium channels play in neurotransmission?

They permit the inward diffusion of sodium ions Signup and view all the answers

What determines whether an impulse will be transmitted through a neuron?

The amount of neurotransmitter released Signup and view all the answers

Which gradient is established by ion channels and pumps in neurons?

Electrical and chemical gradients Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the neurotransmitter and the postsynaptic receptor sites?

The neurotransmitter fits into the receptor sites to initiate ion channel opening Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the skull reach 100% of its adult size?

8-9 years Signup and view all the answers

What are fontanels in the fetal skull primarily responsible for?

Compression during delivery Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the central nervous system?

Coordinating functions and processing sensory information Signup and view all the answers

Which structures comprise the peripheral nervous system?

Nerves, ganglia, and nerve plexuses Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for involuntary actions?

Autonomic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What are the three primary vesicles formed from the neural tube?

Prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuron primarily innervates skeletal muscle?

Somatic motor neurons Signup and view all the answers

What type of glial cell is responsible for the formation of the myelin sheath?

Oligodendrocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which classification of neurons is found outside of the brain and spinal cord?

Unipolar neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

To protect and maintain homeostasis in the CNS Signup and view all the answers

What part of the nervous system is primarily responsible for memory and learning?

Cerebral hemispheres Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of development does the nervous system appear?

Early 3rd week Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a ganglion within the nervous system?

To cluster neuron cell bodies outside the CNS Signup and view all the answers

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a synapse?

Which mechanism of cellular communication involves hormones affecting cells throughout the body?

What structure at the end of an axon is involved in neurotransmitter release?

In which of the following mechanisms do molecules on the surface of one cell interact directly with receptors on an adjacent cell?

What is the role of synaptic vesicles found in the end bulb of an axon?

What term describes the gap between the end bulb of a presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron?

What type of synaptic communication relies on neurotransmitters binding to receptors?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of synaptic transmission?

Which cranial nerves are classified as motor cranial nerves?

Which of the following cranial nerves is solely sensory?

What is the function of the Intima Pia layer of the limiting membrane?

Which cranial nerve is responsible for eye movement and pupil constriction?

Which cranial nerve pairs sensory and motor functions?

Which layer of the meninges is known as the 'dura mater'?

What is the primary function of the septae formed by meningeal layer infolds?

Which structure partially separates the cerebellar hemispheres?

Which sinus is associated with the upper fixed margin of the Falx Cerebri?

What does the tentorium cerebelli primarily support?

Which space separates the arachnoid mater from the pia mater?

Which arteries provide blood supply to the meninges?

What structure roofs over the pituitary fossa and is perforated by the infundibulum of the pituitary?

What triggers the release of neurotransmitters in the end bulb?

What must happen for an action potential to occur in the postsynaptic neuron?

Which process describes the movement of neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft?

What is the primary function of synaptic vesicles in neurotransmission?

What role do sodium channels play in neurotransmission?

What determines whether an impulse will be transmitted through a neuron?

Which gradient is established by ion channels and pumps in neurons?

What is the relationship between the neurotransmitter and the postsynaptic receptor sites?

At what age does the skull reach 100% of its adult size?

What are fontanels in the fetal skull primarily responsible for?

What is the primary function of the central nervous system?

Which structures comprise the peripheral nervous system?

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for involuntary actions?

What are the three primary vesicles formed from the neural tube?

Which type of neuron primarily innervates skeletal muscle?

What type of glial cell is responsible for the formation of the myelin sheath?

Which classification of neurons is found outside of the brain and spinal cord?

What is the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

What part of the nervous system is primarily responsible for memory and learning?

At what stage of development does the nervous system appear?

What is the function of a ganglion within the nervous system?

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