Chap 3 Part 2

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Questions and Answers

What was the key innovation that allowed the World Wide Web to facilitate sharing information across different computers and software?

The use of hypertext, which enabled linking between documents (correct)

The standardization of hardware specifications for all computers

The creation of a proprietary network separate from the Internet

The development of a centralized database for storing all information

What was the significance of the Mosaic browser developed by Andreesen and Bina in 1993?

It integrated text, images, and links, making browsing more intuitive (correct)

It was the first browser to support multimedia streaming

It introduced the concept of web pages with text and images

It was the first browser to implement secure communication protocols

Which of the following statements about the early development of the World Wide Web is accurate?

The Web was designed primarily for sharing multimedia content among researchers

The first web browser was developed by Microsoft in 1995

Berners-Lee made his software available for free over the Internet in 1991 (correct)

Berners-Lee's initial proposal was to create a proprietary network separate from the Internet

What was the significance of the distributed nature of the Internet in Berners-Lee's design for the World Wide Web?

It allowed web pages to be stored on machines all across the Internet, known as web servers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following events marked the beginning of the "browser wars" in the mid-1990s?

Both the release of Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer in 1995 Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the World Wide Web when it was initially proposed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989?

To facilitate sharing information among researchers using different systems Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary function of a web browser?

To display web pages and HTML content Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a web server software?

To enable a computer to deliver web pages to clients on a network that request this service by sending an HTTP request Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a feature on which the foundations of e-commerce are built?

Web browsers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cookies in the context of the web?

To store and retrieve information about a user's browsing session Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a specialized type of server mentioned in the text?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason the Internet has been able to grow without disruption?

The client/server computing model is highly extensible Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of the hourglass model of the Internet?

Each layer can change or improve without disturbing developments in other layers Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Internet Protocols and Utility

Ping (Packet Internet Groper) is a utility program that checks connections between a client computer and a TCP/IP network, showing the time it takes for a server to respond and the speed of the server and Internet at that moment.
Tracert is a route tracking utility that allows users to follow the path of a message sent from a client to a remote computer on the Internet.

Internet Growth

By 1997, there were 100 million Internet users, which grew to 2.3 billion users by 2012.
Despite its growth, the Internet only reaches 30% of the world's population.
The Internet's growth has been possible due to its highly extensible client/server computing model and hourglass, layered architecture.

The Hourglass Model of the Internet

The hourglass model allows for indefinite growth, as servers and clients can be added without disturbing developments in other layers.

History of the Web

The World Wide Web was proposed by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in 1989 as a multimedia environment for seamlessly linking documents over the Internet.
Berners-Lee's design integrated two key ideas: hypertext (documents with interlinked text and media) and the distributed nature of the Internet.

Web Development Timeline

1990: Berners-Lee produced working prototypes of a Web server and browser.
1991: Berners-Lee made his software available for free over the Internet.
1993: Marc Andreesen and Eric Bina wrote the first graphical browser, Mosaic, which integrated text, images, and links, making browsing more intuitive.
1994: Andreesen founded Netscape, which marketed the Netscape Navigator.
1995: Microsoft released Internet Explorer, marking the beginning of the browser wars.

Web Servers and Web Clients

Web server software enables a computer to deliver Web pages to clients on a network that request this service by sending an HTTP request.
Examples of web server software include Apache and Microsoft IIS.
A web server responds to requests for Web pages and provides basic capabilities such as security services, FTP, search engine, and data capture.
Specialized servers include database, video, mail, and ad servers.
A web client is any computing device attached to the Internet that is capable of making HTTP requests and displaying HTML pages.

Web Browsers

Web browsers have the primary purpose of displaying Web pages.
Market share of popular browsers: Internet Explorer (49%), Mozilla Firefox (18%), Google Chrome (17%), and Apple Safari (11%).
Mozilla Firefox is an open-source browser.

Internet and Web Features

Features that form the foundation of e-commerce include e-mail, instant messaging, search engines, online forums and chat, streaming media, and cookies.

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Test your knowledge on how XML can be used to define a database of company names and an overview of web servers including software, functionality, and specialized servers like database and video servers.