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Questions and Answers
What event directly led to the abdication of Puyi, the last Qing Emperor, in November 1912?
What event directly led to the abdication of Puyi, the last Qing Emperor, in November 1912?
- The Boxer Rebellion's successful overthrow of the Qing Dynasty.
- Sun Yat-sen's military victory, forcing Puyi to step down.
- Imperial advisors orchestrating a coup against the Emperor.
- The Xinhai Revolution, organized by Chinese nationalists. (correct)
Sun Yat-sen's political ideology, known as the Three Principles, sought to advance which goals for China?
Sun Yat-sen's political ideology, known as the Three Principles, sought to advance which goals for China?
- Establishing a communist state, prioritizing workers' rights, and abolishing private property.
- Maintaining imperial rule, preserving traditional customs, and isolating China from foreign influence.
- Implementing a legalist system, enforcing strict laws, and centralizing power in the emperor.
- Advancing nationalism, promoting people's rights (democracy), and ensuring people's livelihoods (economic stability). (correct)
Following Sun Yat-sen's resignation as president in March 1912, who assumed the presidency and later declared himself emperor?
Following Sun Yat-sen's resignation as president in March 1912, who assumed the presidency and later declared himself emperor?
- Yuan Shikai, a powerful warlord with Western education. (correct)
- Chiang Kai-shek, consolidating power through military campaigns.
- Mao Zedong, initiating the Communist Revolution.
- Puyi, attempting to restore the Qing Dynasty.
What impact did the Treaty of Versailles have on China's political landscape after World War I?
What impact did the Treaty of Versailles have on China's political landscape after World War I?
Which of the following factors contributed to the Xinhai Revolution?
Which of the following factors contributed to the Xinhai Revolution?
How did the fragmentation of the former Qing army impact China in the early 20th century?
How did the fragmentation of the former Qing army impact China in the early 20th century?
What was the primary objective of Sun Yat-sen when he gave up the presidency in March 1912?
What was the primary objective of Sun Yat-sen when he gave up the presidency in March 1912?
Which social groups were prominently involved in the May Fourth Movement?
Which social groups were prominently involved in the May Fourth Movement?
What shift in ideology occurred among some participants in the May Fourth Movement?
What shift in ideology occurred among some participants in the May Fourth Movement?
How did China's entry into World War I in 1917 influence its expectations at the Treaty of Versailles?
How did China's entry into World War I in 1917 influence its expectations at the Treaty of Versailles?
Flashcards
Who was Puyi?
Who was Puyi?
The last emperor of China, a toddler when he ascended the throne in 1908.
What was the Xinhai Revolution?
What was the Xinhai Revolution?
A revolution in 1911, organized by Chinese nationalists, marking a turn away from the Qing government.
What is the Kuomintang (KMT)?
What is the Kuomintang (KMT)?
A political party founded by Sun Yat-sen in 1912, advocating for nationalism, democracy, and people's livelihood.
What are the Three Principles?
What are the Three Principles?
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What was the Warlord Era?
What was the Warlord Era?
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When did China enter WWI?
When did China enter WWI?
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What was the May Fourth Movement?
What was the May Fourth Movement?
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Study Notes
- The Chinese economy was completely dominated by Western governments and businesses.
- Nationalists had attempted to seize control of the Chinese government in the Boxer Rebellion of 1912, and failed.
- The Qing government began work on a new Constitution with more political rights that was to be completed in 1912.
- In 1908, the 24 year old Puyi became the new Qing Emperor, after being hand-selected by the Empress Dowager Cixi, who died immediately afterwards.
- Puyi is named the Xuantong (shuan-tong) Emperor, but his government was entirely run by imperial advisors because he was a toddler.
- Chinese nationalists, joined by ordinary Chinese people, sick of Qing government incompetence and mismanagement, organized the Xinhai Revolution.
- In November 1912, Puyi abdicated the throne, ending 278 years of Qing rule.
- The Chinese nationalists formed a political party called the Kuomintang or KMT.
- The flag for the KMT was the White Sun, Blue Flag.
Three Principles
- Founded and led by Sun Yat-sen, who became China's first president in January 1912.
- Sought to create a modern government for China that advanced the following:
- Nationalism
- People's Rights including democracy and others.
- People’s livelihoods intended to promote stability and prosperity.
- Sun Yat-sen didn't control the military.
- The former Qing army split into different regional armies controlled by different warlords.
- To ensure the stability of China, Sun gave up the presidency in March 1912, after just 2 months, to the powerful warlord, Yuan Shikai, who had a Western education.
- Yuan Shikai immediately became a dictator in 1915 and named himself emperor.
- After Yuan Shikai died in 1916, many Chinese warlords began to fight one another for control of China.
- In 1917, China entered WWI on the side of the Allies, aiding their victory and expected to be given back control of China under German Control.
- Instead, the Treaty of Versailles gave control of those parts to Japan.
- Protests in Beijing occurred In May 4th, 1919, called the May Fourth Movement.
May Fourth Movement Participants
- Included unified workers, peasants, academics, and business people.
- Some participants began to reject the KMT's aspirations for Western-style democracy.
- Participants became captivated by the ideas of Lenin and the USSR.
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