Untitled Quiz

Chapter 1: Introduction to Algorithmic and Programming in C Language

• This chapter introduces algorithmic and programming concepts in C.
• Students will learn what algorithms are used for and how they differ from programs.
• Students will learn how to write basic algorithms to solve simple problems.
• Students will understand how programs are used and the compilation process.

Chapter Outcomes

• Students will understand the function of algorithms and the difference between algorithms and programs.
• Students will know how to create a basic algorithm for problem-solving.
• Students will understand the purpose of a computer program.
• Students will understand the compilation process and its steps.

Introduction to Computer Science

• Computer science is not only about computers.
• It also includes the study of problems, problem-solving, and the solutions derived from the problem-solving process.

Problem-Solving Phases

• Analysis and Specification: Understand and define the problem and its solution requirements.
• General Solution: Determine data types and a logical sequence of steps (algorithm) for solving the problem.
• Verification: Verify that the algorithm correctly solves the problem.
• Implementation: Implement the algorithm in a programming language to create a program.

Introduction: From Problem to Programs

• Problems can be solved using multiple algorithms.
• Algorithms are the basis for various programs.

What is an Algorithm?

• Algorithm is a frequently used word by programmers when they don't want to explain what they did.
• Algorithms are step-by-step procedures.
• Algorithms define a set of instructions executed in a specific order to get a desired output.
• The process takes a finite amount of time.
• The word "algorithm" originates from the name of a Persian mathematician, Abu Ja’far Mohammed ibn-i Musa al-Khawarizmi.

Example of an Algorithm (Living Alone Algorithm)

• A visual example illustrating a simple algorithm using comic-strip style images.

Characteristics of an Algorithm

• Unambiguous: Clear and well-defined steps.
• Input: Zero or more well-defined inputs.
• Output: One or more well-defined outputs matching the desired result.
• Finiteness: Must terminate after a limited number of steps.
• Feasibility: Should be solvable with available resources.
• Independent: Step-by-step directions should not depend on programming language.

How to Write an Algorithm

• No specific standards exist for writing algorithms.
• Algorithms do not depend on programming languages.
• Common code constructs (loops, flow-control structures) can be used in algorithms.
• Algorithms are often written in a step-by-step manner, but flexibility may exist.

Algorithm General Structure

• Algorithms typically start with an algorithm name.
• They may include defined constants, data types, and variables.
• Instructions are placed in the algorithm body.
• Algorithms usually end with an end statement.

Example Algorithm (Adding Two Numbers)

• Design an algorithm to add two numbers and display the result.
• Example implementations of the addition algorithm in algorithm form.

What is a Program?

• Programming is an algorithm's implementation in a programming language.
• It's the process of encoding an algorithm into a programming language to be executed by a computer.
• Many languages exist : Pascal, C, C++, Cobol, Fortran, Java, Python, Delphi, etc.
• This course focuses on the C programming language.

Example: From Algorithm to C Program

• Provides an example of converting an algorithm into a C program to add two numbers.

Creating and Running a C Program

• Compilation: Converts high-level source code to low-level machine code.
• This process includes pre-processing, compilation, and linking stages.
• Source code (.c) is transformed into object code (.obj) and finally into executable code (.exe).
• Headers (e.g., stdio.h) are included in the process.

Creating and Running a C program (continued)

• The compiler ensures that the program is type-correct and syntactically correct, but not necessarily logically correct.

Diagram of Creating and Running a C Program

• A diagram representing the compilation and execution stages of a C program.