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Questions and Answers
Acetaminophen is not an opioid analgesic. It belongs to Non-steroidal Anti Inflammatory drug (NSAID).
Acetaminophen is not an opioid analgesic. It belongs to Non-steroidal Anti Inflammatory drug (NSAID).
COX 1 enzyme SATA
COX 1 enzyme SATA
Aspirin has the following actions except it
Aspirin has the following actions except it
Clonidine and Methyldopa are selective alpha2-adrenergic drugs used primarily to treat hypertension. They regulate the release of norepinephrine.
Clonidine and Methyldopa are selective alpha2-adrenergic drugs used primarily to treat hypertension. They regulate the release of norepinephrine.
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Which of the following nursing interventions is not appropriate when administering vasodilators?
Which of the following nursing interventions is not appropriate when administering vasodilators?
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Nurse Q understands that beta-blockers should be used cautiously to patients with
Nurse Q understands that beta-blockers should be used cautiously to patients with
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Nurse G is monitoring Mr. Bc. Which of the following assessment data would indicate a potential serious complication associated with propranolol?
Nurse G is monitoring Mr. Bc. Which of the following assessment data would indicate a potential serious complication associated with propranolol?
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Which statement describes the action of atropine as an anesthetic agent?
Which statement describes the action of atropine as an anesthetic agent?
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A patient received morphine sulfate for severe pain. The nurse assesses the patient 20 minutes later. What is the best indication that the medication has been effective?
A patient received morphine sulfate for severe pain. The nurse assesses the patient 20 minutes later. What is the best indication that the medication has been effective?
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Which among these drugs stimulate the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA?
Which among these drugs stimulate the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA?
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Which statement will the nurse include when teaching a patient about cephalosporin therapy?
Which statement will the nurse include when teaching a patient about cephalosporin therapy?
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Study Notes
Acetaminophen and NSAIDs
- Acetaminophen is not an opioid analgesic; it belongs to Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
- First statement: correct, second statement: incorrect.
COX Enzymes
- COX 1 enzyme protects the stomach lining, promotes blood clotting, and decreases fever.
- COX 2 enzyme triggers pain and inflammation.
- Aspirin inhibits COX-1, which decreases protection of the stomach lining.
Aspirin Actions
- Aspirin suppresses pain impulses.
- Aspirin inhibits the biosynthesis of prostaglandins.
- Aspirin inhibits COX-2 to decrease inflammation and pain.
Clonidine and Methyldopa
- Clonidine and Methyldopa are selective alpha2-adrenergic drugs used primarily to treat hypertension.
- They regulate the release of norepinephrine.
- Both statements are correct.
Nursing Interventions for Vasodilators
- Implement seizure precautions if administering vasodilators.
- Withhold the drug if blood pressure (BP) is 90/60.
- Encourage the patient to change positions slowly, explaining possible headache or dizziness.
Beta Blockers and Cautious Use
- Beta blockers should be used cautiously with patients having asthma, urinary tract (UT) infections, or other conditions.
Propranolol Complications
- Propranolol can cause insomnia and/or audible expiratory wheezes upon auscultation.
- Baseline blood pressure of 150/80 mmHg followed by a 138/72 reading after medication is not a complication.
- Baseline resting heart rate of 88 beats per minute followed by a 72 reading after administering medication is not a complication.
Medication Teaching Plan for Mr. Bc
- Exercise will help with hypotension.
- Hot baths and showers should increase vasodilation.
- Maintain pulse rate above 60 beats per minute.
- Medication should be taken with food/milk to avoid stomach upset, not on an empty stomach.
Beta Blockers for Hypertension
- Atenolol is a common beta blocker used for treating hypertension.
Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents
- Propranolol is a beta-adrenergic blocking agent.
Adrenergic Blocking Drugs
- Anticholinergics are also known as adrenergic blocking drugs.
- These drugs have specific actions, indications, and side effects.
Cautionary Measures for Mr. Bc
- Caution Mr. Bc to avoid sun exposure and infection.
- Instruct Mr. Bc to stop the drug if flu-like symptoms arise or if the symptoms worsen.
- Tapering the drug is important; do not stop abruptly.
Analgesics Preferred During Pregnancy
- Meperidine is a safe analgesic for pregnant patients.
- Morphine or Hydromorphone may not be safe or preferred.
Vasopressors
- Vasopressors elevate blood pressure by constricting peripheral blood vessels via alpha-adrenergic stimulation.
Medication Administration
Administer medications as ordered; clarify any ambiguities with the physician before administering medication.
Atropine Side Effects
- Dry mouth is a common side effect when administering atropine.
Cholinergic Agonists
- Cholinergic agonists stimulate cholinergic receptors, increasing gastric secretions.
Atropine as an Anesthetic Agent
- Atropine reduces excess salivation and gastric secretions.
- Atropine also minimizes the risk of postoperative ileus.
Hydromorphone Side Effects
- Hypertension is not a common side effect of hydromorphone.
- Hydromorphone is more potent than morphine.
- Physical dependence can occur with hydromorphone therapy.
CNS Depressants
- Thiopental sodium is a CNS depressant.
Electrical Discharge Preventatives
- Anticonvulsants prevent the dissemination of electrical discharges in the motor cortex.
Morphine Effectiveness
- The patient verbalizing pain relief is the most effective indicator of morphine therapy's effectiveness.
Morphine Side Effects
- Common side effects of morphine include diarrhea, urinary retention, and tachypnea (rapid breathing).
NSAIDs and Antacids
- NSAIDs and antacids should not be administered together because it may cause gastrointestinal distress, decrease the drug's potency, or increase the risk of bleeding.
Elderly Client and Sedatives
- The dose of sedatives may require a reduction when treating an elderly client.
Hypnotic Medication Teaching for Insomnia
- Avoid eating high-protein foods between supper and bedtime.
- Go to bed 30 minutes earlier to allow the hypnotic to work.
- Use a nightlight, keep a glass of water by the bed, and place the medication on the bedside table to ensure safety.
Phenobarbital Administration
- Prepare emergency resuscitation equipment to be readily available when administering phenobarbital.
- Have an indwelling urinary catheter or straight catheter to ensure drainage.
- Obtain a signed consent form.
Dexamethasone IV Administration
- Mix dexamethasone intravenously in 100 ml of lactated Ringer's solution.
- Do not mix with 1000ml of 5% dextrose.
- Administer directly.
Narcotic Abusers and Analgesia
- Narcotic abusers may need higher doses of analgesics than those without substance use disorders to achieve pain relief.
Epidural vs. IV Analgesia
- Epidural analgesia is more effective for relieving pain than intravenous analgesia.
Antivirals and Monitoring
- Monitor renal function tests, WBC count, prothrombin time, and platelets when administering antivirals.
- There may be other tests depending on the patient and the type of anti-viral administered.
Tuberculosis Treatment
- Treatment for Tuberculosis often requires 2-3 agents and may last 6 months to a year.
Anti-Fungal Medications
- Azole drugs inhibit cytochrome P450, which affects fungal cell function.
- Azooles are effective in treating fungal infections such as candidiasis.
Antiviral Therapy-Safe Practice
- Monitor symptoms of superinfection including stomatitis and vaginitis for adverse effects and proper drug interactions.
- Educate patients about taking the drug correctly to avoid additional health risks or issues.
Seizure Management
- During a seizure, protect the patient's head by placing them on a soft surface.
- Protect the client's arms and legs to prevent injury.
- Do not attempt to place objects in the patient's mouth.
Medications and Drug Interactions
- Educate patients about drug interactions when taking multiple medications, to ensure patient safety.
Client Teaching-Antibiotics
- Instruct the patient to complete the full course of antibiotics needed for the infection.
- Monitor for any signs of superinfection, such as stomatitis.
- Avoid using antibiotics for viral infections.
Specific Medications
- I would cover each specific medication mentioned in the document in a dedicated section for further study. Please specify which medication you'd like to review in more detail.
Calculations
Detailed calculations should be shown on a separate sheet. Providing raw data in this format is too lengthy.
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