Untitled Quiz

Acetaminophen and NSAIDs

• Acetaminophen is not an opioid analgesic; it belongs to Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
• First statement: correct, second statement: incorrect.

COX Enzymes

• COX 1 enzyme protects the stomach lining, promotes blood clotting, and decreases fever.
• COX 2 enzyme triggers pain and inflammation.
• Aspirin inhibits COX-1, which decreases protection of the stomach lining.

Aspirin Actions

• Aspirin suppresses pain impulses.
• Aspirin inhibits the biosynthesis of prostaglandins.
• Aspirin inhibits COX-2 to decrease inflammation and pain.

Clonidine and Methyldopa

• Clonidine and Methyldopa are selective alpha2-adrenergic drugs used primarily to treat hypertension.
• They regulate the release of norepinephrine.
• Both statements are correct.

Nursing Interventions for Vasodilators

• Implement seizure precautions if administering vasodilators.
• Withhold the drug if blood pressure (BP) is 90/60.
• Encourage the patient to change positions slowly, explaining possible headache or dizziness.

Beta Blockers and Cautious Use

• Beta blockers should be used cautiously with patients having asthma, urinary tract (UT) infections, or other conditions.

Propranolol Complications

• Propranolol can cause insomnia and/or audible expiratory wheezes upon auscultation.
• Baseline blood pressure of 150/80 mmHg followed by a 138/72 reading after medication is not a complication.
• Baseline resting heart rate of 88 beats per minute followed by a 72 reading after administering medication is not a complication.

Medication Teaching Plan for Mr. Bc

• Exercise will help with hypotension.
• Hot baths and showers should increase vasodilation.
• Maintain pulse rate above 60 beats per minute.
• Medication should be taken with food/milk to avoid stomach upset, not on an empty stomach.

Beta Blockers for Hypertension

• Atenolol is a common beta blocker used for treating hypertension.

Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents

• Propranolol is a beta-adrenergic blocking agent.

Adrenergic Blocking Drugs

• Anticholinergics are also known as adrenergic blocking drugs.
• These drugs have specific actions, indications, and side effects.

Cautionary Measures for Mr. Bc

• Caution Mr. Bc to avoid sun exposure and infection.
• Instruct Mr. Bc to stop the drug if flu-like symptoms arise or if the symptoms worsen.
• Tapering the drug is important; do not stop abruptly.

Analgesics Preferred During Pregnancy

• Meperidine is a safe analgesic for pregnant patients.
• Morphine or Hydromorphone may not be safe or preferred.

Vasopressors

• Vasopressors elevate blood pressure by constricting peripheral blood vessels via alpha-adrenergic stimulation.

Medication Administration

Administer medications as ordered; clarify any ambiguities with the physician before administering medication.

Atropine Side Effects

• Dry mouth is a common side effect when administering atropine.

Cholinergic Agonists

• Cholinergic agonists stimulate cholinergic receptors, increasing gastric secretions.

Atropine as an Anesthetic Agent

• Atropine reduces excess salivation and gastric secretions.
• Atropine also minimizes the risk of postoperative ileus.

Hydromorphone Side Effects

• Hypertension is not a common side effect of hydromorphone.
• Hydromorphone is more potent than morphine.
• Physical dependence can occur with hydromorphone therapy.

CNS Depressants

• Thiopental sodium is a CNS depressant.

Electrical Discharge Preventatives

• Anticonvulsants prevent the dissemination of electrical discharges in the motor cortex.

Morphine Effectiveness

• The patient verbalizing pain relief is the most effective indicator of morphine therapy's effectiveness.

Morphine Side Effects

• Common side effects of morphine include diarrhea, urinary retention, and tachypnea (rapid breathing).

NSAIDs and Antacids

• NSAIDs and antacids should not be administered together because it may cause gastrointestinal distress, decrease the drug's potency, or increase the risk of bleeding.

Elderly Client and Sedatives

• The dose of sedatives may require a reduction when treating an elderly client.

Hypnotic Medication Teaching for Insomnia

• Avoid eating high-protein foods between supper and bedtime.
• Go to bed 30 minutes earlier to allow the hypnotic to work.
• Use a nightlight, keep a glass of water by the bed, and place the medication on the bedside table to ensure safety.

Phenobarbital Administration

• Prepare emergency resuscitation equipment to be readily available when administering phenobarbital.
• Have an indwelling urinary catheter or straight catheter to ensure drainage.
• Obtain a signed consent form.

Dexamethasone IV Administration

• Mix dexamethasone intravenously in 100 ml of lactated Ringer's solution.
• Do not mix with 1000ml of 5% dextrose.
• Administer directly.

Narcotic Abusers and Analgesia

• Narcotic abusers may need higher doses of analgesics than those without substance use disorders to achieve pain relief.

Epidural vs. IV Analgesia

• Epidural analgesia is more effective for relieving pain than intravenous analgesia.

Antivirals and Monitoring

• Monitor renal function tests, WBC count, prothrombin time, and platelets when administering antivirals.
• There may be other tests depending on the patient and the type of anti-viral administered.

Tuberculosis Treatment

• Treatment for Tuberculosis often requires 2-3 agents and may last 6 months to a year.

Anti-Fungal Medications

• Azole drugs inhibit cytochrome P450, which affects fungal cell function.
• Azooles are effective in treating fungal infections such as candidiasis.

Antiviral Therapy-Safe Practice

• Monitor symptoms of superinfection including stomatitis and vaginitis for adverse effects and proper drug interactions.
• Educate patients about taking the drug correctly to avoid additional health risks or issues.

Seizure Management

• During a seizure, protect the patient's head by placing them on a soft surface.
• Protect the client's arms and legs to prevent injury.
• Do not attempt to place objects in the patient's mouth.

Medications and Drug Interactions

• Educate patients about drug interactions when taking multiple medications, to ensure patient safety.

Client Teaching-Antibiotics

• Instruct the patient to complete the full course of antibiotics needed for the infection.
• Monitor for any signs of superinfection, such as stomatitis.
• Avoid using antibiotics for viral infections.

Specific Medications

• I would cover each specific medication mentioned in the document in a dedicated section for further study. Please specify which medication you'd like to review in more detail.

Calculations

Detailed calculations should be shown on a separate sheet. Providing raw data in this format is too lengthy.