Xenopus Surgery Techniques
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Questions and Answers

What defines a major survival surgery in Xenopus spp.?

  • Penetrating and exposing the coelomic cavity (correct)
  • Using advanced anesthetic techniques
  • Performing a non-survival procedure first
  • Performing any surgical procedure

    • Which component is NOT necessary for proper aseptic technique in Xenopus spp. surgery?

  • Non-sterile operative techniques (correct)
  • Preparation of the surgeon
  • Preparation of the animal
  • Sterilization of instruments

    • What is the primary purpose of aseptic techniques in Xenopus spp. surgery?

  • To speed up the surgical procedure
  • To reduce the cost of surgery
  • To ensure quicker recovery of the operated animal
  • To reduce the likelihood of post-surgical complications (correct)

    • Which aspect shows a difference between surgical procedures in frogs and mammals?

    <p>Surgical site preparation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many recovery surgeries are permitted for oocyte harvesting in Xenopus spp.?

    <p>Five with a 6th non-survival surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must investigators provide when submitting a protocol for survival surgery?

    <p>Location of the laboratory and assurance of staff skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major consideration for IACUC approval when performing multiple surgical collections?

    <p>Reduction in the total number of overall animals used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage oocytes are usually collected through surgical laparotomy in Xenopus spp.?

    <p>Stage I-VI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of aseptic techniques in Xenopus spp. surgery?

    <p>To reduce post-surgical complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of permitted recovery surgeries in Xenopus spp.?

    <p>Five, including a final non-survival surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinct difference between surgical procedures in frogs and mammals?

    <p>Surgical site preparation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common surgical procedure performed on Xenopus spp.?

    <p>Surgical laparotomy to collect Stage I-VI oocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consideration for IACUC approval when performing multiple surgical collections?

    <p>The frequency of pain or distress experienced by an individual animal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required when submitting a protocol for survival surgery in Xenopus spp.?

    <p>The location of the laboratory where surgery will be performed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of aseptic techniques in reducing post-surgical complications?

    <p>By reducing the risk of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are multiple surgical collections justified in Xenopus spp.?

    <p>Because they reduce the total number of overall animals used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor in determining the total number of laparotomies performed on an individual frog?

    <p>Age of the animal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration of resting period between laparotomies in Xenopus spp.?

    <p>At least two months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of dedicating a specific area for surgical procedures?

    <p>To provide a clean and clear workspace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of instruments are well-suited for surgery of frogs?

    <p>Ocular instruments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of sterilization monitoring devices?

    <p>To validate sterilization techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for cleaning surgical instruments?

    <p>Using a stiff bristle brush and a moderately alkaline detergent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to clean surgical supplies and equipment before sterilization?

    <p>To remove organic material that may interfere with sterilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of water is preferred for cleaning surgical instruments?

    <p>Deionized water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Major Survival Surgery in Xenopus spp.

    • Defined as a survival surgical procedure that penetrates and exposes the coelomic cavity
    • Requires proper aseptic technique to reduce post-surgical complications, improve animal survival rates, and hasten return to basal physiological functions

    Aseptic Technique

    • Includes preparation of the animal, surgeon, and sterilization of instruments, supplies, and implanted materials
    • Requires strict adherence to practices in multiple areas, with distinct differences in surgical site preparation and incision closure methods compared to mammalian species

    Surgical Protocol

    • Investigators must provide the location of the laboratory where surgery will be performed
    • Must assure that staff have the requisite anesthetic and surgical skills and will utilize appropriate surgical techniques for the given procedure(s)

    Oocyte Harvesting

    • Surgical laparotomy to collect Stage I-VI oocytes is a common surgical procedure performed on Xenopus spp.
    • Multiple surgical collections require IACUC approval, considering the reduction in the total number of overall animals used and the frequency and level of pain or distress experienced by an individual animal
    • A maximum of five recovery surgeries (with a final 6th non-survival surgery) are permitted

    Animal Welfare

    • The total number of laparotomies performed on an individual frog may be limited based on the overall health of the animal, competence of personnel, quality of oocytes obtained, duration of egg production, and age of the animal
    • Adequate recovery time between laparotomies is necessary, with a recommended resting period of at least two months between laparotomies
    • Alternate oocyte collection between left and right ovaries is recommended

    Survival Surgery in Xenopus spp.

    • Defined as a surgical procedure that penetrates and exposes the coelomic cavity
    • Requires the use of proper aseptic technique to reduce post-surgical complications and improve animal survival rates

    Aseptic Technique

    • Includes preparation of the animal, surgeon, instruments, supplies, and implanted materials
    • Involves strict adherence to practices in multiple areas to reduce the likelihood of infection

    Surgical Site Preparation and Incision Closure

    • Distinct differences in surgical site preparation and incision closure methods in frogs compared to mammalian species
    • Requires specific techniques for frogs

    Laparotomy for Oocyte Collection

    • A common surgical procedure in Xenopus spp. for collecting Stage I-VI oocytes
    • Multiple surgical collections require IACUC approval and may be justified considering the reduction in the total number of overall animals used

    Limitations and Guidelines

    • Maximum of five recovery surgeries (with a final 6th non-survival surgery) are permitted
    • Total number of laparotomies performed on an individual frog may be limited based on overall health, personnel competence, oocyte quality, duration of egg production, and age
    • Adequate recovery time between laparotomies is recommended, with a minimum of two months between procedures
    • Alternate oocyte collection between left and right ovaries is recommended

    Surgical Laboratory and Instrument Sterilization

    • A dedicated surgical facility is not required, but the area must be dedicated to surgery and properly prepared
    • All surgical instruments, implantable devices, and equipment must be sterilized using a validated technique
    • Sterilization monitoring devices should be routinely utilized to validate sterilization techniques
    • Cleanliness of surgical supplies and equipment is essential prior to sterilization

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    Description

    This quiz covers the essential surgical procedures and aseptic techniques used in major survival surgeries on Xenopus species. Learn about the preparation of the animal, surgeon, and instruments, as well as operative techniques to minimize infection.

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