24 Questions
What defines a major survival surgery in Xenopus spp.?
Penetrating and exposing the coelomic cavity
Which component is NOT necessary for proper aseptic technique in Xenopus spp. surgery?
Non-sterile operative techniques
What is the primary purpose of aseptic techniques in Xenopus spp. surgery?
To reduce the likelihood of post-surgical complications
Which aspect shows a difference between surgical procedures in frogs and mammals?
Surgical site preparation
How many recovery surgeries are permitted for oocyte harvesting in Xenopus spp.?
Five with a 6th non-survival surgery
What must investigators provide when submitting a protocol for survival surgery?
Location of the laboratory and assurance of staff skills
Which of the following is a major consideration for IACUC approval when performing multiple surgical collections?
Reduction in the total number of overall animals used
Which stage oocytes are usually collected through surgical laparotomy in Xenopus spp.?
Stage I-VI
What is the primary goal of aseptic techniques in Xenopus spp. surgery?
To reduce post-surgical complications
What is the maximum number of permitted recovery surgeries in Xenopus spp.?
Five, including a final non-survival surgery
What is a distinct difference between surgical procedures in frogs and mammals?
Surgical site preparation
What is a common surgical procedure performed on Xenopus spp.?
Surgical laparotomy to collect Stage I-VI oocytes
What is a consideration for IACUC approval when performing multiple surgical collections?
The frequency of pain or distress experienced by an individual animal
What is required when submitting a protocol for survival surgery in Xenopus spp.?
The location of the laboratory where surgery will be performed
What is the purpose of aseptic techniques in reducing post-surgical complications?
By reducing the risk of infection
Why are multiple surgical collections justified in Xenopus spp.?
Because they reduce the total number of overall animals used
What is the primary factor in determining the total number of laparotomies performed on an individual frog?
Age of the animal
What is the recommended duration of resting period between laparotomies in Xenopus spp.?
At least two months
What is the primary purpose of dedicating a specific area for surgical procedures?
To provide a clean and clear workspace
What type of instruments are well-suited for surgery of frogs?
Ocular instruments
What is the purpose of sterilization monitoring devices?
To validate sterilization techniques
What is the recommended method for cleaning surgical instruments?
Using a stiff bristle brush and a moderately alkaline detergent
Why is it necessary to clean surgical supplies and equipment before sterilization?
To remove organic material that may interfere with sterilization
What type of water is preferred for cleaning surgical instruments?
Deionized water
Study Notes
Major Survival Surgery in Xenopus spp.
- Defined as a survival surgical procedure that penetrates and exposes the coelomic cavity
- Requires proper aseptic technique to reduce post-surgical complications, improve animal survival rates, and hasten return to basal physiological functions
Aseptic Technique
- Includes preparation of the animal, surgeon, and sterilization of instruments, supplies, and implanted materials
- Requires strict adherence to practices in multiple areas, with distinct differences in surgical site preparation and incision closure methods compared to mammalian species
Surgical Protocol
- Investigators must provide the location of the laboratory where surgery will be performed
- Must assure that staff have the requisite anesthetic and surgical skills and will utilize appropriate surgical techniques for the given procedure(s)
Oocyte Harvesting
- Surgical laparotomy to collect Stage I-VI oocytes is a common surgical procedure performed on Xenopus spp.
- Multiple surgical collections require IACUC approval, considering the reduction in the total number of overall animals used and the frequency and level of pain or distress experienced by an individual animal
- A maximum of five recovery surgeries (with a final 6th non-survival surgery) are permitted
Animal Welfare
- The total number of laparotomies performed on an individual frog may be limited based on the overall health of the animal, competence of personnel, quality of oocytes obtained, duration of egg production, and age of the animal
- Adequate recovery time between laparotomies is necessary, with a recommended resting period of at least two months between laparotomies
- Alternate oocyte collection between left and right ovaries is recommended
Survival Surgery in Xenopus spp.
- Defined as a surgical procedure that penetrates and exposes the coelomic cavity
- Requires the use of proper aseptic technique to reduce post-surgical complications and improve animal survival rates
Aseptic Technique
- Includes preparation of the animal, surgeon, instruments, supplies, and implanted materials
- Involves strict adherence to practices in multiple areas to reduce the likelihood of infection
Surgical Site Preparation and Incision Closure
- Distinct differences in surgical site preparation and incision closure methods in frogs compared to mammalian species
- Requires specific techniques for frogs
Laparotomy for Oocyte Collection
- A common surgical procedure in Xenopus spp. for collecting Stage I-VI oocytes
- Multiple surgical collections require IACUC approval and may be justified considering the reduction in the total number of overall animals used
Limitations and Guidelines
- Maximum of five recovery surgeries (with a final 6th non-survival surgery) are permitted
- Total number of laparotomies performed on an individual frog may be limited based on overall health, personnel competence, oocyte quality, duration of egg production, and age
- Adequate recovery time between laparotomies is recommended, with a minimum of two months between procedures
- Alternate oocyte collection between left and right ovaries is recommended
Surgical Laboratory and Instrument Sterilization
- A dedicated surgical facility is not required, but the area must be dedicated to surgery and properly prepared
- All surgical instruments, implantable devices, and equipment must be sterilized using a validated technique
- Sterilization monitoring devices should be routinely utilized to validate sterilization techniques
- Cleanliness of surgical supplies and equipment is essential prior to sterilization
This quiz covers the essential surgical procedures and aseptic techniques used in major survival surgeries on Xenopus species. Learn about the preparation of the animal, surgeon, and instruments, as well as operative techniques to minimize infection.
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