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Questions and Answers

What was the Golden Age of Greece?

480-430 BC

What war started the Golden Age of Greece?

Persian War

What was the Persian War?

Colonial cities established in Ionia became entangled with the Persian Empire.

Which of the following epic battles occurred during the Persian War? (Select all that apply)

Marathon (B), Salamis (C), Thermopylae (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happened in the Battle of Marathon?

Darius' army is defeated by the Athenians. Signup and view all the answers

What occurred during the Battle of Thermopylae?

The united forces held off Xerxes I's army for three days. Signup and view all the answers

What was significant about the Battle of Salamis?

The Athenian navy defeated Xerxes' ships in a narrow channel. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Delian League?

An alliance headed by Athens to fight against the Persians. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the two most important philosophers in the Classical Greek Period?

Aristotle (B), Plato (C) Signup and view all the answers

What were Plato's fundamental principles of art?

Measurement and proportion, concept of imitation, artistic inspiration. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Aristotle?

A philosopher from Macedonia who studied at Plato's Academy. Signup and view all the answers

What was Aristotle's philosophy of art?

Art was to give pleasure or produce an emotional response. Signup and view all the answers

What caused the Peloponnesian War?

Sparta felt Athens used the Delian League to grow into an empire. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'form' mean in art according to classical principles?

A logical structured organization of a piece. Signup and view all the answers

What is idealization in art?

Artists attempted to portray things better than they really are. Signup and view all the answers

What does simplicity mean in art?

Concentration on the piece, free from surrounding ornamentation. Signup and view all the answers

What is convention in art?

Artists remained pure to the style without personal interpretation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Acropolis?

A fortified part of an ancient Greek city, often dedicated to religious purposes. Signup and view all the answers

Which are notable temples on the Acropolis? (Select all that apply)

Parthenon (A), Erctheum (B), Nike Athena (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the Parthenon?

It features optical illusions in its Doric columns. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Golden Age of Greece

Lasting from 480-430 BC, marked a significant period in Greek history characterized by cultural and political achievements.
Initiated by the Persian War against the expansive Persian Empire.

Persian War

Triggered by conflicts involving Greek colonial cities in Ionia and the Persian Empire.
A series of three pivotal battles determined the fate of Greece: Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis.

Key Battles

Battle of Marathon: Athenians defeated Darius' forces, preventing a Persian return.
Battle of Thermopylae: Greek city-states united against Xerxes I; held off Persians for three days before Athens was burned.
Battle of Salamis: Athenian navy lured Persian ships into narrow channels, leading to a decisive victory and Persian withdrawal.

Delian League

Alliance led by Athens, aimed to combat the Persian threat and liberate Greek islands.
Wealth from the league transformed Athens, funding the reconstruction of the Acropolis and fostering a golden age of arts and culture.

Influential Philosophers

Plato: A student of Socrates, focused on establishing ideals in art and philosophy, emphasizing measurement, proportion, and artistic inspiration.
Aristotle: Student at Plato's Academy, later became a tutor to Alexander the Great, focused on art's capacity to elicit pleasure and emotional responses.

Artistic Principles

Plato's View: Art should reflect an ideal version of reality, seeking beauty in human form and conduct.
Aristotle's Philosophy: Contrasted with Plato, emphasizing art's emotional impact and the importance of audience response.

Peloponnesian War

Conflict between Athens and Sparta, sparked by Athenian use of the Delian League for expansion, resulting in Athenian democracy's collapse.
Post-war power shifted to Macedonia under King Philip, leading to eventual unification by his son, Alexander the Great.

Architectural Terms

Form: Logical organization of artistic works, contributing to their overall coherence.
Idealization: Artists aimed to represent subjects in an elevated manner, beyond their ordinary state.
Simplicity: Focused on the central piece, minimizing excessive decoration.
Convention: Adherence to stylistic norms without personal interpretation.

Acropolis

A fortified area and temple complex in Athens, symbolizing the city's religious and cultural identity, rebuilt after Persian destruction.
Notable temples include the Parthenon, Nike Athena, and Erechtheion, showcasing advanced architectural and artistic techniques.

Parthenon

Renowned temple characterized by optical illusions in its column arrangement; influenced architectural design for centuries.
Functioned as a significant cultural symbol until the late 17th century when it suffered damage during a conflict.