Engage Infection Control and Isolation W1 NURS 100

What are the main modes of transmission for infectious diseases?

Direct contact
Vehicle & Vector-borne
Airborne
All of the above (correct)
Contact
Droplet

What is direct contact transmission?

pathogens directly move from infected person to another person, no contaminated object involved

What is indirect contact transmission?

The spread of pathogens through droplets from the respiratory system.
The transfer of infectious agents through contaminated surfaces or objects. (correct)
The transmission of diseases through blood or bodily fluids.
The direct transfer of pathogens from one person to another.

Example of direct contact transmission

The patient's blood came in contact with an open abrasion on the nurse's skin. The patient has scabies, which makes direct contact with the nurse's skin if they aren't wearing gloves. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of indirect contact transmission?

Drainage from a client wound gets on a bed rail that others contact. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Not donning, not changing PPE between clients, or improper removal of PPE can cause what type of transmission?

indirect transmission Signup and view all the answers

What does 'donning' refer to?

Putting on clothing or equipment (A) Signup and view all the answers

what is included in PPE?

all of the above (@) Signup and view all the answers

What is droplet transmission?

Transmission of pathogens through droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of droplet transmission?

Influenza (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is airborne transmission?

Transmission through infectious agent found in the air moving into the airspace of another person (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of requirements are needed for someone with an infection that is transmitted via the airborne route? The patient should be placed in a [blank].

private negative pressure room Signup and view all the answers

An example of an infection caused by airborne transmission is tuberculosis, measles, and varicella (chickenpox).

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is vehicle-borne transmission?

Transmission from contaminated items to multiple people (@) Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by vector-borne transmission?

Transmission of diseases via mosquitoes and rats (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of transmission tends to linger? ___________

airborne Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary physical defense mechanism a person has?

Skin (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes nonspecific immunity?

It provides a generalized defense against all pathogens. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What compromises nonspecific immunity?

neutrophils and macrophages (their work as phagocytes) Signup and view all the answers

Specific immunity refers to the work of which of the following?

Antibodies and lymphocytes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the inflammatory response?

Natural defense of the body when injured or being attacked (A) Signup and view all the answers

Match the steps of inflammatory response with the order they go in 1-4

<h1>=</h1> <h1>=</h1> Signup and view all the answers

What are the infectious triggers to an inflammatory response? (Select all that apply)

Viruses (A), Bacteria (B), Fungi (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the noninfectious triggers to an inflammatory response? (Select all that apply)

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What do antihistamines prevent?

Swelling (A) Signup and view all the answers

The 5 manifestations of inflammation are _____

heat, redness, swelling, pain, and loss of function Signup and view all the answers

Match the stages of infection with their descriptions:

Prodromal stage = Early signs and symptoms of infection appear Incubation period = Time between exposure to the pathogen and the onset of symptoms Acute stage = Height of infection where symptoms are most severe Convalescence = Recovery period after the infection has been resolved Signup and view all the answers

What are local infections characterized by?

Infections that are confined to one area of the body (B) Signup and view all the answers

Systemic infections are characterized by which of the following?

Infections that spread throughout the body, transmit through the bloodstream starting as local infections (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are examples of related diagnostic tests? (Select all that apply)

Blood test (A), MRI scan (B), X-ray (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are diagnostic tests used for?

To identify diseases or conditions. Signup and view all the answers

Which white blood cell (WBC) is a sign of an allergic reaction?

Eosinophils (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which white blood cells (WBC) are the first responders to injury?

Neutrophils (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is asepsis?

interventions to eliminate things that can cause an infection Signup and view all the answers

Match the different hand hygiene techniques:

Handwashing with soap and water = Removes dirt and microorganisms Alcohol-based hand rub = Quickly kills most pathogens Antiseptic hand wipes = Cleans hands when soap is not available Hand sanitizers = Used for quick disinfection Signup and view all the answers

What is medical asepsis?

Clean technique practices that reduce the presence of disease-causing microorganisms (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is surgical asepsis?

Techniques that ensure sterility of items that come in contact with the client (sterile things) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are standard precautions?

infection prevention practices applied to all clients whether they have an infectious agent or not Signup and view all the answers

Contact precautions are intended to:

Help prevent transmission of infectious agents by direct/indirect contact (A) Signup and view all the answers

Nurses coming into contact with a patient with contact precautions should don PPE including __.

gown and gloves Signup and view all the answers

What PPE should nurses use for standard precautions?

Gloves, masks, face shield, eye protection, and gowns Signup and view all the answers

Droplet precautions include donning which of the following? (Select all that apply)

Mask (A) Signup and view all the answers

Airborne precautions nurse should don___ and be in what type of room?

N95 mask (A), negative pressure isolated room (B) Signup and view all the answers