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Questions and Answers

What condition is characterized by a shallow acetabulum and decreased coverage of the femoral head?

  • Osteoarthritis
  • Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
  • Legg-Calve'-Perthes
  • Developmental Dysplasia of Hip (correct)
  • Which of the following is a common treatment for severe cases of Developmental Dysplasia of Hip?

  • Pavlik harness
  • Hip spica cast (correct)
  • Surgical osteotomy
  • Activity modification education
  • What is a characteristic sign of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)?

  • Antalgic gait
  • Positive impingement sign
  • Drehmann sign (correct)
  • Trendelenburg gait
  • Which age group is most commonly affected by Legg-Calve'-Perthes disease?

    <p>Boys aged 4-10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What intervention aims to reduce the risk of early onset osteoarthritis in adults with hip instability?

    <p>Neuromuscular control training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Osteoarthritis of the hip, what structural changes are typically observed?

    <p>Osteophyte formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a presentation symptom of Developmental Dysplasia of Hip?

    <p>Limited internal rotation range of motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by the weakness of the epiphyseal plate and can lead to femoral head displacement?

    <p>Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention is generally recommended to prevent the collapse of the femoral head in Legg-Calve'-Perthes disease?

    <p>Bracing and non-weight bearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common presentation in adults with hip dysplasia?

    <p>Moderate to severe groin pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention is most beneficial for immediate decrease of hip pain in patients with Femoral Acetabular Impingement Syndrome?

    <p>MWM (Mobilization with Movement)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common radiographic finding associated with a CAM deformity in Femoral Acetabular Impingement Syndrome?

    <p>Increased femoral neck diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical presentation is typical in patients suffering from Gluteal Tendinopathy?

    <p>Pain with resisted internal rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of Rheumatoid Arthritis?

    <p>Morning stiffness lasting over 30 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Iliotibial Band Syndrome, what biomechanical issue is typically identified?

    <p>Greater hip abduction and excessive internal rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathology is associated with ischemic necrosis of the femoral head?

    <p>Avascular necrosis due to interrupted blood supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common treatment for labral lesions in the hip?

    <p>Surgical resection and debridement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is typically present in patients with Athletic Pubalgia/Core Muscle Injury?

    <p>Pain radiating into the perineum and proximal adductors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with a positive Trendelenburg sign during a 30-second single-leg stance test?

    <p>Gluteal Tendinopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a key characteristic of Trochanteric Pain Syndrome?

    <p>Pain with palpation around greater trochanter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is often a contributing factor to the development of hamstring tendinopathy?

    <p>Chronic overload without adequate healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What intervention is most appropriate for someone with a snapping hip and internal coxa saltans?

    <p>Strengthening of external rotators and abductors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathophysiological condition is indicated by the term 'failed-healing' response?

    <p>Gluteal Tendinopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ortho - Hip Exam Breakdown

    • Pathology/Presentation (slides 6-9): Covers assessment of pathologies, movement compensations, and case studies.
    • Hip Dysplasia: Characterized by a shallow acetabulum (socket) and decreased femoral head coverage. More common in women.
    • Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH): Involves ligament laxity, intrauterine crowding, or breech position.
    • Adult Presentation: Characterized by insidious onset, moderate to severe groin pain, and decreased activity tolerance. Can involve catching or pain with impingement signs.
    • Intervention (DDH): Includes Pavlik harness (birth to 6 months) and hip spica cast (3-6 months) to address instability.
    • Adult Intervention: Aims to reduce early osteoarthritis risk by focusing on physiotherapy (PT) which includes progression from isometric to eccentric exercises, activity modification, and neuromuscular control.
    • Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE): Presents with displacement of femoral head in relation to femoral neck. More frequent in males (12-15 years). Categorized as stable or unstable and involves a femoral head slipping inferiorly and posteriorly.
    • Legg-Calvé-Perthes: Idiopathic avascular necrosis/collapse of the femoral head. More common in males (4-10 years).

    Osteoarthritis

    • Pathology: Primary aging/genetics (>50). Secondary factors include previous injuries and metabolic abnormalities (e.g., SCFE, LCP).
    • Presentation: Features include morning stiffness (<60 minutes), decreased hip IR (<24 degrees), hip pain during active hip flexion or hip extension, hip pain exacerbated by squatting, and limping.
    • Intervention: Focuses on flexibility, strengthening, endurance exercises, manual therapy, functional gait and balance training, modalities, and patient education. Weight loss is beneficial.

    Rheumatoid Arthritis

    • Pathology: Systemic autoimmune condition affecting synovial lining, cartilage, and bone. Commonly affects age 15-50.
    • Presentation: Includes groin pain, swelling, redness, increased temperature in other joints, feeling fatigued, weight loss, fever, and respiratory symptoms, morning stiffness lasting > 1 hour. Rheumatoid factor presence is also typically observed.
    • Intervention: Management includes pain management, supportive devices, education to prevent further damage, and synovectomies. A THA might be needed (but is more complex)

    Other Hip Conditions

    • Femoral Acetabular Impingement Syndrome (FAIS): Characterized by abnormal acetabular and femoral head/neck morphology. CAM or pincer deformities are prevalent. Often presents in active young adults with slow-onset, persistent groin pain, decreased range of motion (ROM), and symptoms exacerbated by activities like squatting, driving, and prolonged sitting.
    • Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome (GTPS): An umbrella term encompassing bursitis, tendinopathy, or mechanical loads. Presents with insidious, chronic, or intermittent pain in the proximal lateral hip (often radiating to distal thigh), pain with palpation over the greater trochanter, inability to lie on the affected side, limping, pain with sit-to-stand transfers and stair climbing, difficulty sitting with legs crossed, and a positive 30-second single-leg stand test.
    • Labral Lesions: Associated with osteoarthritis or other conditions. Labral tears manifest as anterior hip/groin pain, catching or locking, clicking sensations, and limitations in ROM.
    • Iliotibial Band Syndrome: Lateral hip or knee pain often in conjunction with pain related to weak hip abductor strength, hip lag, or trendelenburg sign.
    • Iliac Crest/Avulsion Fractures: Commonly in boys 14-17, presents with sudden hip pain, reduced hip mobility, and weakness. Ischemic Necrosis of Femoral Head (AVN) occurs when the femoral head blood supply is interrupted, leading to groin pain worsening over time (with weight-bearing). Pain is relieved with rest.
    • Coxa Saltans/Snapping Hip: Intra-articular or extra-articular condition. Intra-articular involves internal impingement (iliopsoas tendon) or external impingement (IT band). Extra-articular is often associated with muscular lesions. Symptoms include snapping/clicking and possible pain.
    • Gluteal Syndrome: Cluster of complex pain generators related to the piriformis and sciatic nerve. Possible entrapment of the sciatic nerve or surrounding tissues. Presents as buttock pain, worsening with prolonged sitting or activity. Assessment involves tests like the FAIR test, slump test, and hamstring origin.
    • Athletic Pubalgia/Core Muscle Injury (CMI): Chronic abdominal/groin pain (sometimes radiating). Results from muscle imbalance or repetitive forceful movements. Common in athletes, particularly those with high-stress activities like kicking, cutting, and sprinting. Risk factors include delayed abdominal recruitment, imbalance of adductor to abductor strength, and structural abnormalities or joint dysplasia.

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