Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which pigment do autotrophic organisms use to harvest solar energy?
Which pigment do autotrophic organisms use to harvest solar energy?
Chlorophyll
What are the three essential processes involved in photosynthesis in eukaryotes?
What are the three essential processes involved in photosynthesis in eukaryotes?
- Energy absorption from sunlight via pigments during the light-dependent reaction, Carbon fixation during the dark reaction, Regeneration of electron carriers.
- Energy absorption from sunlight via pigments during the light-dependent reaction, Carbohydrates production by carbon fixation during the dark reaction, Release of oxygen as a byproduct.
- Light-dependent reactions, Calvin cycle, Cyclic electron flow.
- Energy absorption from sunlight via pigments during the light-dependent reaction, Reactivation of the reaction center, Carbohydrate production by carbon fixation during the dark reaction. (correct)
Photosynthesis requires sunlight for both the light and dark reactions.
Photosynthesis requires sunlight for both the light and dark reactions.
False (B)
Where do the light reactions of photosynthesis take place in eukaryotic cells?
Where do the light reactions of photosynthesis take place in eukaryotic cells?
What is the main purpose of the light reactions in photosynthesis?
What is the main purpose of the light reactions in photosynthesis?
What is the main purpose of the Calvin cycle?
What is the main purpose of the Calvin cycle?
What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?
What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?
The Calvin cycle can occur independently of the light reactions.
The Calvin cycle can occur independently of the light reactions.
What molecule is produced during the Calvin cycle that is used to make glucose?
What molecule is produced during the Calvin cycle that is used to make glucose?
What is RuBP and what is its role in the Calvin cycle?
What is RuBP and what is its role in the Calvin cycle?
What is the name of the enzyme that facilitates the attachment of carbon dioxide to RuBP?
What is the name of the enzyme that facilitates the attachment of carbon dioxide to RuBP?
What are the three phases of the Calvin cycle?
What are the three phases of the Calvin cycle?
What is the role of NADPH in the Calvin cycle?
What is the role of NADPH in the Calvin cycle?
How many molecules of CO2 are required to produce one molecule of G3P?
How many molecules of CO2 are required to produce one molecule of G3P?
What is the main product of the Calvin cycle that is used to make other sugars?
What is the main product of the Calvin cycle that is used to make other sugars?
The Calvin cycle uses ATP to regenerate RuBP.
The Calvin cycle uses ATP to regenerate RuBP.
What is the process by which the Calvin cycle continues to produce sugars?
What is the process by which the Calvin cycle continues to produce sugars?
Which of these are products of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis that are used in the Calvin cycle?
Which of these are products of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis that are used in the Calvin cycle?
Flashcards
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
The process by which autotrophic organisms use sunlight to produce energy-rich molecules like glucose.
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll
A pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis.
Light-dependent reaction
Light-dependent reaction
The first stage of photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.
Light-independent reaction
Light-independent reaction
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Thylakoid membrane
Thylakoid membrane
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Stroma
Stroma
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ATP
ATP
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NADPH
NADPH
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Oxygen
Oxygen
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Calvin Cycle
Calvin Cycle
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Carbon Fixation
Carbon Fixation
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RuBP
RuBP
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Rubisco
Rubisco
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3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA)
3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA)
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1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
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G3P
G3P
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Glucose
Glucose
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Photosystem II
Photosystem II
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Photosystem I
Photosystem I
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Electron transport chain
Electron transport chain
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Chemiosmosis
Chemiosmosis
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ATP synthase
ATP synthase
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Cyclic electron flow
Cyclic electron flow
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Reactivation of reaction center
Reactivation of reaction center
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Pigment molecule
Pigment molecule
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Study Notes
Photosynthesis Overview
- Autotrophic organisms use chlorophyll to capture solar energy, converting it into chemical energy (ATP and carbohydrates).
- In eukaryotes, chlorophyll is found in thylakoid membranes within chloroplasts.
- Photosynthesis in eukaryotes involves three main processes: light-dependent reactions, energy absorption from sunlight using pigments, and carbohydrate production through carbon fixation in the dark reactions.
Chemical Reaction
- The overall photosynthesis reaction is: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
- This shows carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose and oxygen.
- Glucose is the stored form of chemical energy.
Photosynthesis Stages
Light-Dependent Reactions
- Absorb sunlight's energy using pigments (like chlorophyll).
- Split water molecules, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.
- Produce ATP and NADPH (energy-carrying molecules).
- These reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.
Calvin Cycle (Light-independent Reactions)
- Does not directly require light.
- Incorporates carbon dioxide into organic molecules (carbon fixation).
- Uses ATP and NADPH produced from light-dependent reactions to build glucose.
- Occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts.
Light Reactions Events
- Light excites electrons in photosystem II (P680), transferring them to an electron transport chain.
- Water is split, providing electrons to replace those lost by P680 and oxygen is released.
- Energy from electron transfer pumps hydrogen ions (H+) into the thylakoid space, creating a gradient.
- H+ ions flow through ATP synthase to produce ATP.
- Electrons are transferred to photosystem I (P700), energized again by light.
- Electrons are then transferred to NADP+ to produce NADPH.
Cyclic Electron Flow
- An alternative electron pathway where electrons return to Photosystem I instead of going to NADP+, thus producing only ATP.
The Calvin Cycle
- Carbon fixation: CO2 is incorporated into an organic molecule (RuBP) using the enzyme RuBisCO.
- Reduction: Energy (ATP and NADPH) is used to convert the 3-carbon molecule into G3P, a precursor to glucose.
- Regeneration: Some G3P molecules are used to regenerate RuBP, enabling the cycle to continue.
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