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Artists who were a part of the Dada movement created artwork that was intended to be ____________.

nonsensical

Mosaics and collages are similar in that they both _________________.

involve combining pieces to create a final product.

______________ means to enclose something tightly, such as is done with stones or tiles, and a filler, when creating mosaics.

Embedding

The metal that is used to hold stained glass pieces together is called __________.

leading Signup and view all the answers

The piece of art above is an example of a ___________.

mosaic Signup and view all the answers

__________ is a form of artwork arranged from cut out or torn material pasted onto a surface.

Collage Signup and view all the answers

Mosaics are __________________.

images made by arranging stones or tiles that are then embedded with a filler to connect the colored pieces. Signup and view all the answers

Traditionally, stained glass was ___________________.

found in Gothic Cathedrals in Western Europe. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the process of creating a linocut. How is it effective? Why is it criticized?

A linocut is created by cutting away an image from linoleum. It is effective because it creates bold images with high contrast. It is criticized for being relatively simple compared to other techniques. Signup and view all the answers

Why must the artist choose his/her tools, products, and method carefully?

The tools, products, and methods influence the final product and its effects. Each technique serves different artistic purposes. Signup and view all the answers

Woodblock printing originated in _______________ during the 14th century.

China Signup and view all the answers

What the artist _____________ depends on what he/she wants to communicate.

emphasizes Signup and view all the answers

The artist who painted this piece of modern art focused mainly on and .

balance; design Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes James Audubon's intentions when he painted 'Wild Turkey'?

He intended to portray the bird realistically, and yet also show its unique and beautiful qualities. Signup and view all the answers

Art is often controversial because __________________.

artists and observers have varying ideas of what art is. Signup and view all the answers

The court case Constantin Brancusi v. United States determined that ____________ was a piece of art, and not a kitchen utensil as U.S. customs believed it to be.

Bird in Space Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements does not define what art is?

Art is appreciated by all individuals when examined carefully. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common purpose for composition in art?

It provides an understanding of, and agreement among, all the elements. Signup and view all the answers

Proportion is ________________.

the relative size of an object as compared to another, or as compared to the other elements in the piece. Signup and view all the answers

Forms of art depend upon _____________________.

the message the artist wants to convey and the culture. Signup and view all the answers

Brancusi's well-known sculpture of a bird was intended to ____________.

emphasize the graceful qualities of a bird. Signup and view all the answers

________________ is a printmaking technique from the beginning of the 18th Century used for the reproduction of red or brown chalk drawings.

Crayon Signup and view all the answers

The surface a drawing is created on is called the ______________.

ground Signup and view all the answers

The main purpose of artists studying the human body is to ________________.

understand its parts and functions, so they can more accurately portray it. Signup and view all the answers

If a pencil's H# is decreased, then ______________.

the level of clay used increases. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about charcoal?

It has been a main medium used by Japanese artists throughout history. Signup and view all the answers

This artwork by Don Turner, entitled, Skull III, was created using ___________________.

silverpoint Signup and view all the answers

This drawing by Pablo Picasso is an example of a _________________.

sketch Signup and view all the answers

Silverpoint is ____________.

a technique involving the use of a metal point, and a thin silver wire, popular in the 14th and 15th Centuries. Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are useful blending tools when creating pencil drawings, except which?

gum Signup and view all the answers

Answer the following questions about pencil drawing: When were pencils first used?

Pencils have been used since the 16th century. Signup and view all the answers

What is graphite?

Graphite is a mix of carbon and clay that is combined by being heated in an oven. Signup and view all the answers

What is an HB pencil?

An HB pencil is the basic pencil most people use for everyday tasks. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the H# is increased?

When the H# is increased, there is less clay. This makes the texture harder and creates a very light sketch. Signup and view all the answers

How would you define human anatomy?

Human anatomy is the human body structure, including all its bones, muscles, and organs. Signup and view all the answers

Why is human anatomy important to art?

Human anatomy's importance in art can be seen in Leonardo Da Vinci's art. Signup and view all the answers

Define the following terms: crayon manner, pastel manner, chalk.

All of the above. Signup and view all the answers

What drawing technique is each of the artworks below an example of?

Charcoal is a soft, calcium-based medium made from pulverized minerals and fossilized shells mixed with gum or resin. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the differences between vine charcoal, compressed charcoal, and powdered charcoal.

Vine charcoal is created by burning sticks of wood into soft, medium, and hard consistencies. Compressed charcoal is charcoal powder mixed with gum binder compressed into round or square sticks. Powdered charcoal is charcoal powder in its raw form, often used to 'tone' or cover large sections of a drawing surface. Signup and view all the answers

What is liquid media?

Liquid media is defined as the use of a material in liquid form. Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages and disadvantages of liquid media?

Advantages include durability and vibrant colors, while disadvantages include high cost and complexity. Signup and view all the answers

What type of medium was used to create this piece?

This piece is an example of silverpoint. Signup and view all the answers

How were the different values achieved?

The values in a silverpoint work are created by using a thin wire held by a cylinder-shaped holder. Signup and view all the answers

What makes this medium challenging?

Silverpoint can be tricky, as it cannot be erased and requires patience to build depth. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the factors that influence the character of the lines in a painting.

The factors include the pressure of the artist's hand and the width of the brush. Signup and view all the answers

What is dry media?

Dry media refers to art materials that are solid such as pencils, charcoal, and pastels. Signup and view all the answers

Name the painting above and its artist. What media was used to create this piece?

The painting is by Winslow Homer and is entitled, The Adirondak Guide. It was created using watercolors. Signup and view all the answers

To create watercolor, water is mixed with ____________.

gum arabic Signup and view all the answers

The liquid substance used in paint and other media to bind particles of pigment together is called the ______________.

binder Signup and view all the answers

The three components of painting media are ________________________.

vehicle, binder, and pigment Signup and view all the answers

For which painting media is egg yolk combined with water?

Tempera Signup and view all the answers

Gouache painting is a form of ________________.

watercolor Signup and view all the answers

____________ adjusts the viscosity of the paint.

vehicle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is not true?

The man in the image is the artist himself. Signup and view all the answers

A disadvantage to creating a fresco painting is that __________________.

the surface painted on dries very quickly, so the artist has to plan his/her work carefully. Signup and view all the answers

Painting is commonly thought of as synonymous with art because _____________.

All of the above are true. Signup and view all the answers

Pigment is the ____________________.

ground up solids that contain color. Signup and view all the answers

How is collage unique to other forms of art?

Collage is defined as an artwork arranged from cut out or torn material pasted onto a surface. Signup and view all the answers

Name the above artwork, its artist, and the technique used to create it.

This is a collage called 'Cut with the Kitchen Knife' by Hannah Hoch. Signup and view all the answers

Define what a collage is. What does collage mean in French?

A collage is a work of art formed by pasting together fragments. In French, collage means 'to glue.' Signup and view all the answers

Name this piece and its artist. What technique was used to create this piece?

This piece is called 'Serpentine Bench' by Gaudi, created using mosaic technique. Signup and view all the answers

What does the photograph above show? Describe any known history or information you recall about this structure/piece of art.

The photograph is of the Basilica di San Vitale. Signup and view all the answers

Name the art piece above, its location, and the technique the artist used to create it.

This is a stained glass piece found in the Chartres Cathedral in France. Signup and view all the answers

Which artist invented the collage art form, and in what year?

Pablo Picasso invented the collage art form in 1912. Signup and view all the answers

How is stained glass made? Historically, where was stained glass typically used?

Stained glass is made by piecing together colored glass held by leading. Signup and view all the answers

How are mosaics created?

Mosaics are created by arranging stones or tiles with a filler to connect colored shapes. Signup and view all the answers

How are mosaics and collages similar? How are they different?

Both involve arranging pieces to create art, but mosaics use stones and are often permanent, while collages use varied materials and can be more flexible. Signup and view all the answers

The purpose of using stained glass in many cathedrals was to _________________

Accomplish all of the above. Signup and view all the answers

In French, the word collage means _______.

to glue Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using dry media?

Advantages include ease of erasing and corrections, and lower cost. Disadvantages include susceptibility to smudging and lack of archival qualities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the medium of a work of art?

Medium is the material of a work of art, such as clay, paint, or pencil. Signup and view all the answers

List two examples of dry media.

Chalk and pencil. Signup and view all the answers

Define the two main types of mixed media and their purposes.

Vellum, used for illuminated manuscripts; encaustic, created by mixing pigment with hot wax. Signup and view all the answers

Name the piece of art by Anselm Keifer and its media.

The piece is called 'Heath of the Brandenburg March' and uses mixed media of oil, acrylic, and shellac. Signup and view all the answers

Define technique in relation to media.

Technique is how an artist creates a work of art using their chosen media. Signup and view all the answers

___________ is a media that consists of natural or synthetic mineral or plant substances that deposit crystalline or splinter-like fragments in the paper fibers.

Dry media Signup and view all the answers

Medium is ____________________.

the material of a work of art. Signup and view all the answers

An advantage of using dry media is __________________.

its ability to be erased and/or corrected. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true of mixed media?

One form of mixed media was commonly used to create illuminated manuscripts. Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are examples of popular paint brushes used by artists to create different effects and results, except which?

Spiral brushes Signup and view all the answers

Choose the answer to fill in the blank, which best completes the sentence. Choice of medium allows the artist to ________________.

convey different messages. Signup and view all the answers

In painting, medium is ____________________.

the substance that is added to a color in order to help application. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not true about the above work of art?

It was created using modern printing techniques. Signup and view all the answers

____________ works of art are created on frosted parchment-like material or surface, which can be made from young calf skin that is stretched out.

Vellum Signup and view all the answers

The image above, entitled 'Self-Portrait with Two Pupils', is an example of an artist's use of ____________.

liquid media Signup and view all the answers

Explain how fresco paintings are created.

Fresco paintings are created by mixing color pigments with water and applying them to wet plaster. Signup and view all the answers

How is oil paint made?

Oil paint is made by suspending pigments in a slow-drying oil base. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how gouache is created.

Gouache is created by adding white pigment to watercolor, resulting in a duller effect. Signup and view all the answers

Why is painting more often associated with art than any other media?

Painting is long-lasting and visually striking, commonly displayed in galleries and museums. Signup and view all the answers

How is tempera paint made?

Tempera is made by blending egg yolks with water and pigments, resulting in a quick-drying medium. Signup and view all the answers

Name the artist who painted a specific piece and the medium they used.

The artist is Mary Cassatt, and she chose to use oil paints for her painting. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Art Concepts and Definitions

Emphasizes: The artist's choice of what aspects to highlight in their work aligns with their intended message and communication.
Balance and Design: Modern artists often prioritize balance and design, crucial for creating aesthetically pleasing artwork.
James Audubon: Best known for realistic portrayals, he aimed to reveal the beauty of subjects like the wild turkey in his paintings.
Art's Controversy: The diverse interpretations and appreciation of art by different individuals lead to its controversial nature.
Brancusi Case: Established that "Bird in Space" was classified as art rather than a mere kitchen utensil by U.S. customs.

Art Forms and Techniques

Composition Purpose: A common goal for composition is to achieve understanding among the elements of the artwork.
Proportion: Refers to the relative size of elements in a piece, significantly affecting the artwork's impact.
Forms of Art: Influenced by factors such as cultural messaging, artist's vision, and evolving trends.

Drawing Techniques and Mediums

Functions of Drawing: Drawing can be preparatory for complex works or exist independently as a form of art.
Pencil: The hardness of a pencil is affected by its clay content; decreasing H# increases clay level.
Charcoal: A traditional medium, recognized for its historical significance in Japanese art practices.
Silverpoint: An ancient technique featuring a silver wire, known for detailed and delicate drawing but poses challenges in creating darker values.

Artist's Tools and Materials

Ground: The surface on which artwork is created; its choice can greatly impact the finished work's quality.
Liquid Media: Offers durability and vibrant colors; however, it can be more challenging and expensive to work with compared to dry media.
Dry Media: This includes materials such as chalk and charcoal; known for ease of erasure but susceptible to smudging.

Artistic Process and History

Importance of Drawing: Essential for recording life before photography; instrumental in various religious and cultural representations throughout history.
Comparative Techniques: Different charcoal types (vine, compressed) display distinct creation processes, affecting the final texture and appearance.
Art Medium Definition: Refers to the materials an artist employs in creating artworks; can range across various categories such as paint, stone, and metal.

Key Artists and Works

Leonardo Da Vinci: Conducted in-depth studies of human anatomy, enhancing the realism in his art, showcasing the intersection of art and science.
Pablo Picasso: Known for preparatory sketches that inform his final works, illustrating the utility of drawing in refining artistic concepts.

Conclusion

Understanding art involves exploring diverse mediums, techniques, and historical significance, serving both practical and expressive purposes. Drawings remain an integral aspect of the artistic process and a vital means of communication through visuals.### Painting Media Overview
Dry media examples include chalk, pencil, charcoal, and pastels.
Liquid media is represented by ink and paint, with ink having a historical prominence in East Asia.
Mixed media examples are vellum and encaustic; vellum was historically used for illuminated manuscripts, whereas encaustic is made by mixing pigment with hot wax.

Mixed Media Details

Vellum is parchment made from calf skin, primarily used in historical art forms.
Encaustic allows for sculpting as it combines molten wax and pigment, providing flexible textural applications.

Artistic Expression and Technique

Anselm Keifer's work "Heath of the Brandenburg March" utilizes mixed media (oil, acrylic, and shellac on burlap) to express themes of anguish and historical reflection.
Technique is the manner of applying media, significantly influencing the artwork's final look and emotional impact.

Definitions of Terms in Painting

Dry media consist of powdered or compressed materials that deliver color upon application.
Medium is defined as the material used to create artwork.
Technique refers to the artist's method of using specific media to convey messages or emotions.

Characteristics of Mixed Media

Mixed media consists of various substances in a single piece of art and can enhance creativity.
Vellum's historical significance is linked to manuscript art, emphasizing its unique physical properties.

Painting Approaches

Oil paints are long-lasting, provide vibrant colors, and allow for blending due to their slow drying times.
Watercolor is applied in layers, prioritizing lighter colors initially, which distinguishes it from other media as it cannot be easily painted over.

Composition and Structure of Paint

Paint has three essential components: pigment (color particles), binder (which holds pigment together), and vehicle (which adjusts paint viscosity).
Tempera combines egg yolk with water, while gouache is watercolor with additional white pigment for a tinted effect.

Challenges in Painting Techniques

Fresco painting involves mixing pigments with water, applied quickly to wet plaster, creating a permanent bond that is time-sensitive.
The challenges include rapid plaster drying, which requires careful pre-planning for effective execution.

Summary of Various Paint Types

Gouache contains white pigment, altering its appearance compared to traditional watercolor.
Pigment's function is to provide color, with notable examples being cadmium or ochre, and vehicles can vary based on the type of paint.

Artist Perspectives

Winslow Homer’s "The Adirondack Guide" exemplifies watercolor techniques with distinctive layering and transparency.
Mary Cassatt's choice of oil paint reflects considerations such as durability and blending capabilities, despite challenges due to its slow drying nature.

Painting's Cultural Significance

Painting has a rich history as an art form, central in galleries and museums, due to its visual appeal and longevity.### Art Forms and Techniques
Art can be seen in everyday life and museums, often featuring vibrant colors and historical significance.
Pigment refers to ground-up solids that contain color, essential for painting.
Collage is an art form that involves arranging cut or torn materials pasted onto a surface, derived from the French word "coller," meaning "to glue."

Collage History and Characteristics

Pablo Picasso invented the collage technique in 1912, with Romare Bearden noted for his narrative collages.
Hannah Hoch's work, "Cut with the Kitchen Knife," exemplifies the Dada movement, characterized by nonsensical arrangements of disparate images.
The artistic merit in collage lies in the creative arrangement of existing objects rather than their original creation.

Mosaics and Stained Glass

Mosaics are created by arranging stones or tiles embedded with a filler, traditionally used on floors, ceilings, or walls, dating back to the 4th Century BC.
The "Serpentine Bench" by Gaudi showcases vibrant mosaic art.
Stained glass, typically found in Gothic cathedrals, uses colored glass pieces joined by leading, providing a colorful and illuminating effect.

Artistic Techniques and Comparisons

Both mosaics and collages involve combining pieces to create a final product, highlighting the importance of arrangement in both mediums.
Differences include the materials used: mosaics typically use stones or tiles, whereas collages use various lightweight materials.
The technique of embedding is crucial for mosaics, connecting colors with a filler; leading serves to hold stained glass pieces together.

Historical Context and Purpose

Historically, stained glass was primarily used in Gothic cathedrals to enhance the worship experience through colorful imagery and light.
The Dada movement, which emphasized nonsensical art, played a significant role in the development of collage.

Printing Techniques and Definitions

Printmaking involves creating images through a printing plate and press, utilizing registration for color accuracy.
Wood engraving allows for intricate details and was perfected by Thomas Bewick, beneficial for adding fine detail in prints.
Linocut and wood engraving contrast in style and detail, with linocut focusing on bold lines and wood engraving allowing for fine detail and realism.

Key Terms

Registration: Aligning color separations to achieve accuracy in multi-colored prints.
Press: A device to transfer printed images from a plate to paper.
Keyblock: The initial printing block used for black outlines before adding color in printmaking.

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