Podcast
Questions and Answers
Artists who were a part of the Dada movement created artwork that was intended to be ____________.
Artists who were a part of the Dada movement created artwork that was intended to be ____________.
nonsensical
Mosaics and collages are similar in that they both _________________.
Mosaics and collages are similar in that they both _________________.
involve combining pieces to create a final product.
______________ means to enclose something tightly, such as is done with stones or tiles, and a filler, when creating mosaics.
______________ means to enclose something tightly, such as is done with stones or tiles, and a filler, when creating mosaics.
Embedding
The metal that is used to hold stained glass pieces together is called __________.
The metal that is used to hold stained glass pieces together is called __________.
The piece of art above is an example of a ___________.
The piece of art above is an example of a ___________.
__________ is a form of artwork arranged from cut out or torn material pasted onto a surface.
__________ is a form of artwork arranged from cut out or torn material pasted onto a surface.
Mosaics are __________________.
Mosaics are __________________.
Traditionally, stained glass was ___________________.
Traditionally, stained glass was ___________________.
Explain the process of creating a linocut. How is it effective? Why is it criticized?
Explain the process of creating a linocut. How is it effective? Why is it criticized?
Why must the artist choose his/her tools, products, and method carefully?
Why must the artist choose his/her tools, products, and method carefully?
Woodblock printing originated in _______________ during the 14th century.
Woodblock printing originated in _______________ during the 14th century.
What the artist _____________ depends on what he/she wants to communicate.
What the artist _____________ depends on what he/she wants to communicate.
The artist who painted this piece of modern art focused mainly on __________ and __________.
The artist who painted this piece of modern art focused mainly on __________ and __________.
Which of the following statements best describes James Audubon's intentions when he painted 'Wild Turkey'?
Which of the following statements best describes James Audubon's intentions when he painted 'Wild Turkey'?
Art is often controversial because __________________.
Art is often controversial because __________________.
The court case Constantin Brancusi v. United States determined that ____________ was a piece of art, and not a kitchen utensil as U.S. customs believed it to be.
The court case Constantin Brancusi v. United States determined that ____________ was a piece of art, and not a kitchen utensil as U.S. customs believed it to be.
Which of the following statements does not define what art is?
Which of the following statements does not define what art is?
What is the most common purpose for composition in art?
What is the most common purpose for composition in art?
Proportion is ________________.
Proportion is ________________.
Forms of art depend upon _____________________.
Forms of art depend upon _____________________.
Brancusi's well-known sculpture of a bird was intended to ____________.
Brancusi's well-known sculpture of a bird was intended to ____________.
________________ is a printmaking technique from the beginning of the 18th Century used for the reproduction of red or brown chalk drawings.
________________ is a printmaking technique from the beginning of the 18th Century used for the reproduction of red or brown chalk drawings.
The surface a drawing is created on is called the ______________.
The surface a drawing is created on is called the ______________.
The main purpose of artists studying the human body is to ________________.
The main purpose of artists studying the human body is to ________________.
If a pencil's H# is decreased, then ______________.
If a pencil's H# is decreased, then ______________.
Which of the following is true about charcoal?
Which of the following is true about charcoal?
This artwork by Don Turner, entitled, Skull III, was created using ___________________.
This artwork by Don Turner, entitled, Skull III, was created using ___________________.
This drawing by Pablo Picasso is an example of a _________________.
This drawing by Pablo Picasso is an example of a _________________.
Silverpoint is ____________.
Silverpoint is ____________.
All of the following are useful blending tools when creating pencil drawings, except which?
All of the following are useful blending tools when creating pencil drawings, except which?
Answer the following questions about pencil drawing: When were pencils first used?
Answer the following questions about pencil drawing: When were pencils first used?
What is graphite?
What is graphite?
What is an HB pencil?
What is an HB pencil?
What happens when the H# is increased?
What happens when the H# is increased?
How would you define human anatomy?
How would you define human anatomy?
Why is human anatomy important to art?
Why is human anatomy important to art?
Define the following terms: crayon manner, pastel manner, chalk.
Define the following terms: crayon manner, pastel manner, chalk.
What drawing technique is each of the artworks below an example of?
What drawing technique is each of the artworks below an example of?
Explain the differences between vine charcoal, compressed charcoal, and powdered charcoal.
Explain the differences between vine charcoal, compressed charcoal, and powdered charcoal.
What is liquid media?
What is liquid media?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of liquid media?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of liquid media?
What type of medium was used to create this piece?
What type of medium was used to create this piece?
How were the different values achieved?
How were the different values achieved?
What makes this medium challenging?
What makes this medium challenging?
Describe the factors that influence the character of the lines in a painting.
Describe the factors that influence the character of the lines in a painting.
What is dry media?
What is dry media?
Name the painting above and its artist. What media was used to create this piece?
Name the painting above and its artist. What media was used to create this piece?
To create watercolor, water is mixed with ____________.
To create watercolor, water is mixed with ____________.
The liquid substance used in paint and other media to bind particles of pigment together is called the ______________.
The liquid substance used in paint and other media to bind particles of pigment together is called the ______________.
The three components of painting media are ________________________.
The three components of painting media are ________________________.
For which painting media is egg yolk combined with water?
For which painting media is egg yolk combined with water?
Gouache painting is a form of ________________.
Gouache painting is a form of ________________.
____________ adjusts the viscosity of the paint.
____________ adjusts the viscosity of the paint.
Which of the following statements is not true?
Which of the following statements is not true?
A disadvantage to creating a fresco painting is that __________________.
A disadvantage to creating a fresco painting is that __________________.
Painting is commonly thought of as synonymous with art because _____________.
Painting is commonly thought of as synonymous with art because _____________.
Pigment is the ____________________.
Pigment is the ____________________.
How is collage unique to other forms of art?
How is collage unique to other forms of art?
Name the above artwork, its artist, and the technique used to create it.
Name the above artwork, its artist, and the technique used to create it.
Define what a collage is. What does collage mean in French?
Define what a collage is. What does collage mean in French?
Name this piece and its artist. What technique was used to create this piece?
Name this piece and its artist. What technique was used to create this piece?
What does the photograph above show? Describe any known history or information you recall about this structure/piece of art.
What does the photograph above show? Describe any known history or information you recall about this structure/piece of art.
Name the art piece above, its location, and the technique the artist used to create it.
Name the art piece above, its location, and the technique the artist used to create it.
Which artist invented the collage art form, and in what year?
Which artist invented the collage art form, and in what year?
How is stained glass made? Historically, where was stained glass typically used?
How is stained glass made? Historically, where was stained glass typically used?
How are mosaics created?
How are mosaics created?
How are mosaics and collages similar? How are they different?
How are mosaics and collages similar? How are they different?
The purpose of using stained glass in many cathedrals was to _________________
The purpose of using stained glass in many cathedrals was to _________________
In French, the word collage means _______.
In French, the word collage means _______.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using dry media?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using dry media?
What is the medium of a work of art?
What is the medium of a work of art?
List two examples of dry media.
List two examples of dry media.
Define the two main types of mixed media and their purposes.
Define the two main types of mixed media and their purposes.
Name the piece of art by Anselm Keifer and its media.
Name the piece of art by Anselm Keifer and its media.
Define technique in relation to media.
Define technique in relation to media.
___________ is a media that consists of natural or synthetic mineral or plant substances that deposit crystalline or splinter-like fragments in the paper fibers.
___________ is a media that consists of natural or synthetic mineral or plant substances that deposit crystalline or splinter-like fragments in the paper fibers.
Medium is ____________________.
Medium is ____________________.
An advantage of using dry media is __________________.
An advantage of using dry media is __________________.
Which of the following is true of mixed media?
Which of the following is true of mixed media?
All of the following are examples of popular paint brushes used by artists to create different effects and results, except which?
All of the following are examples of popular paint brushes used by artists to create different effects and results, except which?
Choose the answer to fill in the blank, which best completes the sentence. Choice of medium allows the artist to ________________.
Choose the answer to fill in the blank, which best completes the sentence. Choice of medium allows the artist to ________________.
In painting, medium is ____________________.
In painting, medium is ____________________.
Which of the following is not true about the above work of art?
Which of the following is not true about the above work of art?
____________ works of art are created on frosted parchment-like material or surface, which can be made from young calf skin that is stretched out.
____________ works of art are created on frosted parchment-like material or surface, which can be made from young calf skin that is stretched out.
The image above, entitled 'Self-Portrait with Two Pupils', is an example of an artist's use of ____________.
The image above, entitled 'Self-Portrait with Two Pupils', is an example of an artist's use of ____________.
Explain how fresco paintings are created.
Explain how fresco paintings are created.
How is oil paint made?
How is oil paint made?
Explain how gouache is created.
Explain how gouache is created.
Why is painting more often associated with art than any other media?
Why is painting more often associated with art than any other media?
How is tempera paint made?
How is tempera paint made?
Name the artist who painted a specific piece and the medium they used.
Name the artist who painted a specific piece and the medium they used.
Study Notes
Art Concepts and Definitions
- Emphasizes: The artist's choice of what aspects to highlight in their work aligns with their intended message and communication.
- Balance and Design: Modern artists often prioritize balance and design, crucial for creating aesthetically pleasing artwork.
- James Audubon: Best known for realistic portrayals, he aimed to reveal the beauty of subjects like the wild turkey in his paintings.
- Art's Controversy: The diverse interpretations and appreciation of art by different individuals lead to its controversial nature.
- Brancusi Case: Established that "Bird in Space" was classified as art rather than a mere kitchen utensil by U.S. customs.
Art Forms and Techniques
- Composition Purpose: A common goal for composition is to achieve understanding among the elements of the artwork.
- Proportion: Refers to the relative size of elements in a piece, significantly affecting the artwork's impact.
- Forms of Art: Influenced by factors such as cultural messaging, artist's vision, and evolving trends.
Drawing Techniques and Mediums
- Functions of Drawing: Drawing can be preparatory for complex works or exist independently as a form of art.
- Pencil: The hardness of a pencil is affected by its clay content; decreasing H# increases clay level.
- Charcoal: A traditional medium, recognized for its historical significance in Japanese art practices.
- Silverpoint: An ancient technique featuring a silver wire, known for detailed and delicate drawing but poses challenges in creating darker values.
Artist's Tools and Materials
- Ground: The surface on which artwork is created; its choice can greatly impact the finished work's quality.
- Liquid Media: Offers durability and vibrant colors; however, it can be more challenging and expensive to work with compared to dry media.
- Dry Media: This includes materials such as chalk and charcoal; known for ease of erasure but susceptible to smudging.
Artistic Process and History
- Importance of Drawing: Essential for recording life before photography; instrumental in various religious and cultural representations throughout history.
- Comparative Techniques: Different charcoal types (vine, compressed) display distinct creation processes, affecting the final texture and appearance.
- Art Medium Definition: Refers to the materials an artist employs in creating artworks; can range across various categories such as paint, stone, and metal.
Key Artists and Works
- Leonardo Da Vinci: Conducted in-depth studies of human anatomy, enhancing the realism in his art, showcasing the intersection of art and science.
- Pablo Picasso: Known for preparatory sketches that inform his final works, illustrating the utility of drawing in refining artistic concepts.
Conclusion
- Understanding art involves exploring diverse mediums, techniques, and historical significance, serving both practical and expressive purposes. Drawings remain an integral aspect of the artistic process and a vital means of communication through visuals.### Painting Media Overview
- Dry media examples include chalk, pencil, charcoal, and pastels.
- Liquid media is represented by ink and paint, with ink having a historical prominence in East Asia.
- Mixed media examples are vellum and encaustic; vellum was historically used for illuminated manuscripts, whereas encaustic is made by mixing pigment with hot wax.
Mixed Media Details
- Vellum is parchment made from calf skin, primarily used in historical art forms.
- Encaustic allows for sculpting as it combines molten wax and pigment, providing flexible textural applications.
Artistic Expression and Technique
- Anselm Keifer's work "Heath of the Brandenburg March" utilizes mixed media (oil, acrylic, and shellac on burlap) to express themes of anguish and historical reflection.
- Technique is the manner of applying media, significantly influencing the artwork's final look and emotional impact.
Definitions of Terms in Painting
- Dry media consist of powdered or compressed materials that deliver color upon application.
- Medium is defined as the material used to create artwork.
- Technique refers to the artist's method of using specific media to convey messages or emotions.
Characteristics of Mixed Media
- Mixed media consists of various substances in a single piece of art and can enhance creativity.
- Vellum's historical significance is linked to manuscript art, emphasizing its unique physical properties.
Painting Approaches
- Oil paints are long-lasting, provide vibrant colors, and allow for blending due to their slow drying times.
- Watercolor is applied in layers, prioritizing lighter colors initially, which distinguishes it from other media as it cannot be easily painted over.
Composition and Structure of Paint
- Paint has three essential components: pigment (color particles), binder (which holds pigment together), and vehicle (which adjusts paint viscosity).
- Tempera combines egg yolk with water, while gouache is watercolor with additional white pigment for a tinted effect.
Challenges in Painting Techniques
- Fresco painting involves mixing pigments with water, applied quickly to wet plaster, creating a permanent bond that is time-sensitive.
- The challenges include rapid plaster drying, which requires careful pre-planning for effective execution.
Summary of Various Paint Types
- Gouache contains white pigment, altering its appearance compared to traditional watercolor.
- Pigment's function is to provide color, with notable examples being cadmium or ochre, and vehicles can vary based on the type of paint.
Artist Perspectives
- Winslow Homer’s "The Adirondack Guide" exemplifies watercolor techniques with distinctive layering and transparency.
- Mary Cassatt's choice of oil paint reflects considerations such as durability and blending capabilities, despite challenges due to its slow drying nature.
Painting's Cultural Significance
- Painting has a rich history as an art form, central in galleries and museums, due to its visual appeal and longevity.### Art Forms and Techniques
- Art can be seen in everyday life and museums, often featuring vibrant colors and historical significance.
- Pigment refers to ground-up solids that contain color, essential for painting.
- Collage is an art form that involves arranging cut or torn materials pasted onto a surface, derived from the French word "coller," meaning "to glue."
Collage History and Characteristics
- Pablo Picasso invented the collage technique in 1912, with Romare Bearden noted for his narrative collages.
- Hannah Hoch's work, "Cut with the Kitchen Knife," exemplifies the Dada movement, characterized by nonsensical arrangements of disparate images.
- The artistic merit in collage lies in the creative arrangement of existing objects rather than their original creation.
Mosaics and Stained Glass
- Mosaics are created by arranging stones or tiles embedded with a filler, traditionally used on floors, ceilings, or walls, dating back to the 4th Century BC.
- The "Serpentine Bench" by Gaudi showcases vibrant mosaic art.
- Stained glass, typically found in Gothic cathedrals, uses colored glass pieces joined by leading, providing a colorful and illuminating effect.
Artistic Techniques and Comparisons
- Both mosaics and collages involve combining pieces to create a final product, highlighting the importance of arrangement in both mediums.
- Differences include the materials used: mosaics typically use stones or tiles, whereas collages use various lightweight materials.
- The technique of embedding is crucial for mosaics, connecting colors with a filler; leading serves to hold stained glass pieces together.
Historical Context and Purpose
- Historically, stained glass was primarily used in Gothic cathedrals to enhance the worship experience through colorful imagery and light.
- The Dada movement, which emphasized nonsensical art, played a significant role in the development of collage.
Printing Techniques and Definitions
- Printmaking involves creating images through a printing plate and press, utilizing registration for color accuracy.
- Wood engraving allows for intricate details and was perfected by Thomas Bewick, beneficial for adding fine detail in prints.
- Linocut and wood engraving contrast in style and detail, with linocut focusing on bold lines and wood engraving allowing for fine detail and realism.
Key Terms
- Registration: Aligning color separations to achieve accuracy in multi-colored prints.
- Press: A device to transfer printed images from a plate to paper.
- Keyblock: The initial printing block used for black outlines before adding color in printmaking.
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