NURS1500: Test review 1

• Nursing process begins with assessment

Primary Prevention

• Immunization is an example of primary prevention

Isolation Precautions

• Airborne precautions are necessary for patients with tuberculosis

Healthcare-Acquired Infections

• Overuse of antibiotics increases the risk of hospital-acquired infections

Hand Hygiene

• Hand hygiene in healthcare settings is for preventing the spread of infection

Nonverbal Communication

• Eye contact, facial expressions, and body posture are examples of nonverbal communication

Signs of Infection

• Redness, swelling, increased temperature, and pain are signs of infection

Nursing Process

• The first step in the nursing process is assessment

Infection Control

• It is important to prevent the spread of microorganisms

Immunization

• Immunization is the process of stimulating the immune system to develop protection against diseases  

PPE

• Healthcare providers must use PPE to protect themselves and patients from infections

Airborne Precautions

• Patients with highly contagious airborne infections should be placed in airborne precautions 

Communication

• Essential for teamwork and patient safety

Rehabilitation

• Rehabilitation restores a patient to their optimal level of function

Pathogen

• The presence of a pathogen can cause disease or infection

Hand Hygiene

• One of the most effective ways to prevent infections

Assessment

• Nurses collect and analyze data of a patient's health

PPE

• The use of gloves, masks, and gowns

Immunization

• Vaccinations are an essential component

Infection Control

• Nurses use it to ensure their patients' safety and well-being through infection prevention strategies

Chain of Infection

• Proper hand hygiene breaks the chain of infection

Tertiary Prevention

• Rehabilitation therapy is a tertiary prevention strategy

Nursing Code of Ethics

• Ensures patient safety and ethical practice

Airborne Disease

• Tuberculosis

Vital Signs

• Temperature is most indicative of a possible infection

Effective Communication

• It requires active listening, nonverbal cues, and documentation

Hospital Safety Hazards

• Falls, medication errors, and patient misidentification

Dehydration

• Dry skin, dark urine, and confusion are common symptoms

Nosocomial Infection

• Hospital-acquired infection 

Hygiene

• It is essential in preventing the spread of disease

Diagnosis

• Process of identifying a disease based on symptoms 

Isolation

• A patient with an airborne disease should be placed into

Fever

• Elevated temperature can indicate an infection

Pain

• Discomfort

Oxygen

• Adequate supply is crucial for tissue oxygenation

Standard Precautions

• It the most basic level of infection control

Safety

• Fall risk patients should have safety measures in place

Hydration

• Nurses should assess before administering IV fluids

Surgical Wound Care

• May require sterile dressing changes to prevent infection

Standard Precautions

• Reduces the spread of bloodborne pathogens

Urine Output

• Monitor to assess kidney function

Nutrition

• Aids in would healing

Rehabilitation

• Therapy often required for stroke patients

Respiratory Distress

• Assess patients with difficulty breathing

Vital Sign Monitoring

• Necessary for patients receiving blood transfusions

Cardiac Issues

• Assess patients with chest pain

Aseptic Technique

• Decreases risk of catheter-associated infection

Skin Assessment

• Prevents pressure ulcers in bedbound patients

Body Mechanics

• Do not twist the spine while lifting

Musculoskeletal System

• Benefits from exercise by increasing joint flexibility and range of motion

Medical Terminology

• Dysuria: Painful or difficult urination

Urinary Retention

• Inability of the bladder to empty

Purpose of Peritoneal Dialysis

• Remove excess fluid and waste from blood

Stress Incontinence

• Caused by weakened pelvic floor muscles

Skeletal System Function

• Provides support

Kegel Exercises

• Strengthen pelvic floor muscles

Cardiovascular System effects of Immobility

• Orthostatic hypotension, thrombus formation, venous stasis

Urinary Elimination Interventions

• Encouraging fluid intake and performing Kegel exercises

Body Alignment

• Helps prevent injuries related to movement and posture

Hydration

• Inadequate leads to constipation and decreased urine output

UTI

• A common infection of the urinary system 

Contractures

• Immobility causing shortening of a muscle

Bladder

• Stores urine

Catheterization

• Insertion of a tube to drain urine

Posture

• Reduces strain on muscles and joints

Peristalsis

• Wave like muscle contractions moves food through the digestive tract

Orthostatic Hypotension

• Sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing

Pressure Ulcers 

• Prolonged pressure on the skin

Base of Support

• Maintaining a wide base of support to increase stability

Musculoskeletal System 

• Maintains posture and producing movement

Kegel

• May benefit patients with stress incontinence

Fowlers Position

• Helps prevent aspiration in patients at risk

Muscle

• Long periods of immobility can lead to decreased strenghth

Anuria

• Lack of urine production

Fluid

• Regular intake is essential for proper urinary and bowel elimination

Hypostatic Pneumonia

• An individual with limited mobility is at higher risk

Transfer Belt

• Using this safely transfers patients with limited mobility

Standard Precautions

• Should be taken to preventin catheterized patients

Body Mechanics

• Reduces risk of injury

Falls

• To prevent in elderly patients encourage the use of assistive devices

Skeletal System

• Provides structural support 

Passive Range of Motion

• Helps maintain joint mobility

Disuse Osteoporosis

• Loss of bone mass from immobility

Immobility and Risk

• Increased risk Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Constipation

• Dehydration contributes 

Pressure Ulcers

• Prolonged pressure on the skin

DVT Prevention

• Frequent Ambulation for Prevention

Catheterized Patients

• Prevention: Regular hand hygiene

Complications of Immobility

• Muscle atrophy, pressure ulcers, and deep vein thrombosis

Prevention of Falls

• Keeping the bed in a low position, ensuring proper lighting, and removing clutter from walkways

Risk Factors for Urinary Incontinence

• Pregnancy, obesity, and high caffeine intake

Symptoms of Dehydration

• Dark urine, dry skin, and confusion

Pressure Ulcer Prevention

• Repositioning patients every two hours, keeping the skin dry and clean, and encouraging adequate hydration

Causes of Bowel Incontinence

• Nerve damage, muscle weakness, and low fiber diet

Interventions for Limited Mobility

• Range of motion exercises, encouraging frequent repositioning, and promoting the use of assistive devices

Risks of Improper Body Mechanics

• results in back injuries, muscle strains, and joint pain

Hand Hygiene

• Washing hands with soap and water, using hand sanitizer when soap is unavailable and drying hands thoroughly are effective components to hand hygiene