Week 5 Part 1
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What is the main influence over what individuals eat, according to the text?

  • Genetics
  • Social media
  • Personal preferences
  • Culture (correct)

    • What does the term 'taboo' derive from?

  • Arabic concept of 'prohibited'
  • Greek concept of 'sacred'
  • Polynesian concept of 'to set-apart' (correct)
  • Latin concept of 'forbidden'

    • Which culture has a taboo related to pigs as food?

  • Hindu
  • Jewish (correct)
  • Muslim
  • Buddhist

    • What aspect of food taboos does 'becoming a vegetarian' reflect?

    <p>Moralisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of the lecture mentioned in the text?

    <p>To discuss cultural influences on food choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for nutritious and edible things that a culture does not tolerate as 'food'?

    <p>Food taboos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which culture has a taboo related to cows as food?

    <p>Hindu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence suggests a selective advantage for resistance to prion diseases driven by cannibalism?

    <p>Genetic evidence from the Fore people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of ritually sacrificing around 0.25 million people per year in the Aztec empire?

    <p>Appeasing the angry gods and producing more food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a consequence of the lack of large game and domestic animals in Meso-America?

    <p>Institutionalized flesh eating to ensure the loyalty of the Aztec warrior class to the King</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a documented instance of widespread cannibalism during a breakdown of social structures?

    <p>The Cairo famine of the 12th century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provided definitive evidence of human flesh consumption at Neolithic sites?

    <p>Human coprolites containing human myoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the widespread cannibalism during the Cairo famine of the 12th century?

    <p>A grain harvest failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Spanish conquistadores do in relation to the Aztec culture of ritualistic human flesh consumption?

    <p>Extinguished the Aztec culture of ritualistic human flesh consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some historical examples of cannibalism mentioned in the text?

    <p>Egypt and Nazi siege of Leningrad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the reasons behind the avoidance of pigs, cows, and insects as food sources?

    <p>Religious beliefs and ecological factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of cows in India according to the text?

    <p>Considered sacred and important in cultural practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the moral and environmental drivers of vegetarianism in the West?

    <p>Health benefits and ethical concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the environmental and social impacts of mass meat production according to the text?

    <p>Energy consumption and water pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the waste generation and pollution impacts of animal production mentioned in the text?

    <p>Health risks and environmental degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the emergence of vegetarianism in the West according to the text?

    <p>Moral and environmental motivations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the ecological explanations for cultural practices regarding pig and cow consumption?

    <p>Ecological sustainability and resource availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is speculated about the potential for meat in the future according to the text?

    <p>Becoming a new taboo due to ecological costs and rise of vegetarianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the universal avoidance of beef and all beef products in Hinduism?

    <p>Compassion towards animals and the concept of non-violence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What risk is associated with consuming human flesh according to the text?

    <p>Blood-borne diseases and prions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor influencing food taboos, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Religious, cultural, and health factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of food taboos, as per the text?

    <p>To define cultural identity and resist change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text mention about the Catholic church's stance on cannibalism?

    <p>The Catholic church spoke in favor of Andes survivors who resorted to cannibalism for survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main influence behind the avoidance of specific foods during different life stages, according to the text?

    <p>Danger-related beliefs and magical effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do food taboos play in shaping individuals' sense of belonging and tradition, as per the text?

    <p>Food taboos are deeply intertwined with cultural identity and can shape individuals' sense of belonging and tradition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for Hinduism's avoidance of beef and all beef products?

    <p>Compassion and the concept of non-violence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor influencing food taboos according to the text?

    <p>Health and sanitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stance of the Catholic church on the Andes survivors who resorted to cannibalism for survival?

    <p>Spoke in favor of them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of food taboos according to the text?

    <p>Define cultural identity and resist change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the view on the universality of regarding eating human flesh as disgusting or diabolical?

    <p>It is not universally regarded as disgusting or diabolical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the comparative risk of consuming human flesh according to the text?

    <p>Comparable to that of eating other meats, but not risk-free</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the avoidance of specific foods during different life stages according to the text?

    <p>Danger-related beliefs and magical effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Food Taboos and Theories

    • Food taboos can be categorized into religious (e.g., Islam and Judaism), societal (e.g., regional preferences for pets as food), and intra-cultural (e.g., specific food avoidance during pregnancy).
    • Hinduism's concept of non-violence leads to the universal avoidance of beef and all beef products, with around 30% of Hindus being lacto-vegetarians.
    • Theories of food taboos include aesthetics, compassion, divine commandment, ecology, health and sanitation, ethnic identity, natural law, self-restraint/denial, and sympathetic magic.
    • Food taboos may serve as a way to define cultural identity and resist change, but their origins remain unclear.
    • Eating human flesh is not universally regarded as disgusting or diabolical, and it is not specifically prohibited in the Bible.
    • While eating human flesh offers nutritional benefits similar to other meats, it poses risks related to blood-borne diseases and prions that can be transmitted from dead bodies.
    • The risk of consuming human flesh is comparable to that of eating other meats, but it is not risk-free.
    • Eating human flesh was not always taboo and has been practiced in certain cultures, leading to the spread of prion diseases like kuru among the PNG Fore people.
    • The Catholic church spoke in favor of Andes survivors who resorted to cannibalism for survival.
    • Taboos related to food choices and consumption are complex, influenced by religious, cultural, and health factors, and continue to be debated and interpreted by scholars.
    • The avoidance of specific foods during different life stages, such as pregnancy and infancy, is often rooted in danger-related beliefs and magical effects.
    • Food taboos are deeply intertwined with cultural identity and can shape individuals' sense of belonging and tradition.

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