Photoelectric Effect & X-Rays

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What is the energy of the X-ray photon emitted when an electron jumps from the M-shell to the K-shell?

electron's kinetic energy

hνmax (correct)

Kα energy

Lα energy

What type of radiation is produced when an electron is accelerated by a potential difference?

Characteristic X-rays

Ultraviolet radiation

Bremsstrahlung radiation (correct)

Gamma radiation

What is the minimum wavelength of the X-ray spectrum when the accelerating voltage is 30 kV?

λmin (correct)

dependent on the electron's kinetic energy

dependent on the target atom

dependent on the X-ray tube's design

What is the name of the X-ray spectrum line produced when an electron jumps from the L-shell to the K-shell?

Kα line Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the intensity-wavelength graph of the X-ray spectrum?

Continuous with a sharp cutoff Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the accelerating voltage and the wavelength of Kα X-rays?

The wavelength decreases with an increase in accelerating voltage. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the tightly bound electrons in the innermost shells of the target material when hit by fast-moving electrons?

They are knocked out of their shells, creating a vacancy. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the scientist who studied the characteristic X-ray spectra of heavy elements and formulated a relation between the frequency of the X-rays and the atomic number of the target?

Mosley Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the continuous spectrum of X-rays produced when fast-moving electrons are slowed down by the target material?

Bremsstrahlung radiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the X-ray intensity curve, which rises gradually and then drops gradually?

Intensity curve Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the penetration power of X-rays?

The potential difference between the cathode and the target Signup and view all the answers

What type of radiation is produced when high-speed electrons are suddenly stopped upon hitting the target in an X-ray tube?

Bremsstrahlung radiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the wavelength of X-rays and their penetration power?

Shorter wavelength X-rays have greater penetration power Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the intensity of X-rays produced in an X-ray tube?

The filament current Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of X-rays with a wavelength of 0.1 Å to 100 Å?

They have a low frequency and high penetration power Signup and view all the answers

What determines the quality or penetration power of X-rays?

Potential difference between the cathode and the target Signup and view all the answers

What type of radiation is produced in an X-ray tube?

Electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of 0.1 Å - 100 Å Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the frequency of X-rays and the atomic number of the target?

Frequency of X-rays is directly proportional to the atomic number Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the high-speed electrons when they penetrate the target in an X-ray tube?

They are stopped by the target material and lose their energy Signup and view all the answers

What determines the intensity of X-rays produced in an X-ray tube?

The filament current Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the intensity-wavelength graph of the characteristic X-ray spectrum?

A curve that rises gradually and then drops gradually Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the frequency of the X-rays and the atomic number of the target according to Moseley's Law?

The frequency of the X-rays is directly proportional to the square of the atomic number Signup and view all the answers

What is the application of X-rays in the study of crystal structure?

X-ray diffraction Signup and view all the answers

What is the use of X-rays in medical science?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum wavelength of the X-ray spectrum determined by?

The accelerating voltage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the limited use of X-rays in Radar?

They are not reflected by the target Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the intensity of X-rays and the current through the filament?

The intensity of X-rays is directly proportional to the current Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that affects the energy of the X-ray photons emitted?

The voltage applied between the cathode and anode Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of long exposure to X-rays on the human body?

It is injurious to the human body Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why lead is used as a shielding material for X-rays?

It is a good absorber of X-rays Signup and view all the answers