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Questions and Answers
What is the wavelength range of X-rays?
What is the wavelength range of X-rays?
- 1 Å to 10 Å
- 0.01 Å to 0.1 Å
- 10 Å to 100 Å
- 10 Å to 0.01 Å (correct)
How do X-rays travel through space?
How do X-rays travel through space?
- In a spiral motion
- In a wave motion (correct)
- In a zigzag pattern
- In a straight line
What is the speed of X-rays?
What is the speed of X-rays?
- 1,86,000 miles per second (correct)
- 200,000 miles per second
- 100,000 miles per second
- 1,000 miles per second
Do X-rays require a medium for propagation?
Do X-rays require a medium for propagation?
What is the process of converting atoms into ions by X-rays called?
What is the process of converting atoms into ions by X-rays called?
Which property of X-rays is used in diagnostic radiology?
Which property of X-rays is used in diagnostic radiology?
What is the basis for X-ray measurement and the definition of the unit of X-ray quantity?
What is the basis for X-ray measurement and the definition of the unit of X-ray quantity?
What is the end product of the chemical reactions induced by radiations?
What is the end product of the chemical reactions induced by radiations?
What is the state produced in biological materials when X-rays are incident on an atom?
What is the state produced in biological materials when X-rays are incident on an atom?
What type of effect ranges from a simple sunburn to severe dermatitis, to changes in the blood supply and/or malignancy?
What type of effect ranges from a simple sunburn to severe dermatitis, to changes in the blood supply and/or malignancy?
What is the effect of radiation induced mutation of genes and chromosomes known as?
What is the effect of radiation induced mutation of genes and chromosomes known as?
What is the process in which X-rays induce color changes of several substances or their solutions?
What is the process in which X-rays induce color changes of several substances or their solutions?
What brings about molecular changes in biological molecules when exposed to radiation?
What brings about molecular changes in biological molecules when exposed to radiation?
What is the property of X-rays used in the treatment of malignant lesions?
What is the property of X-rays used in the treatment of malignant lesions?
What does the photographic paper or film appear as when exposed to X-ray radiation and then developed?
What does the photographic paper or film appear as when exposed to X-ray radiation and then developed?
What is the degree of blackening of the film or paper called?
What is the degree of blackening of the film or paper called?
What type of spectra are produced by the collision of electrons with tungsten atoms?
What type of spectra are produced by the collision of electrons with tungsten atoms?
What determines the energy carried by an X-ray beam?
What determines the energy carried by an X-ray beam?
Which mechanism of interaction involves deflection without energy loss and is used for investigating molecular structure through X-ray diffraction?
Which mechanism of interaction involves deflection without energy loss and is used for investigating molecular structure through X-ray diffraction?
What occurs when an incident photon collides with a bound electron, leading to emission of characteristic radiation and atom ionization?
What occurs when an incident photon collides with a bound electron, leading to emission of characteristic radiation and atom ionization?
In which type of scattering does the angle through which the photon is scattered depend on the energy lost by the photon?
In which type of scattering does the angle through which the photon is scattered depend on the energy lost by the photon?
What happens in case of head-on collision in Compton scattering?
What happens in case of head-on collision in Compton scattering?
What process causes biological damage due to further ionizing interactions within tissues?
What process causes biological damage due to further ionizing interactions within tissues?
What percentage of photons absorbed from a dental X-ray beam are absorbed by the photoelectric process?
What percentage of photons absorbed from a dental X-ray beam are absorbed by the photoelectric process?
What affects the intensity of X-rays passing through matter, with three mechanisms of interaction: coherent scattering, photoelectric effect, and Compton scattering?
What affects the intensity of X-rays passing through matter, with three mechanisms of interaction: coherent scattering, photoelectric effect, and Compton scattering?
What is the name for the interaction of photons with free or loosely bound electrons, resulting in scattered photons with reduced energy and increased wavelength?
What is the name for the interaction of photons with free or loosely bound electrons, resulting in scattered photons with reduced energy and increased wavelength?
What law do X-rays obey in free space, where intensity varies inversely with the square of the distance from the source?
What law do X-rays obey in free space, where intensity varies inversely with the square of the distance from the source?
What depends on the energy carried by the X-ray beam, determined by factors such as kilo voltage, milli amperage, and target material?
What depends on the energy carried by the X-ray beam, determined by factors such as kilo voltage, milli amperage, and target material?
Flashcards
X-ray Wavelength Range
X-ray Wavelength Range
The wavelength range of X-rays falls between 10 Angstroms (Å) and 0.01 Å.
X-ray Travel
X-ray Travel
X-rays travel through space in a wave motion.
X-ray Speed
X-ray Speed
X-rays travel at the speed of light, approximately 186,000 miles per second.
X-ray Propagation
X-ray Propagation
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Ionization
Ionization
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X-ray Use in Radiology
X-ray Use in Radiology
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X-ray Quantity Measurement
X-ray Quantity Measurement
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Radiation's End Product
Radiation's End Product
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Biological Material Excitation
Biological Material Excitation
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Somatic Effect
Somatic Effect
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Genetic Effect
Genetic Effect
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Chemical Change by X-rays
Chemical Change by X-rays
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Molecular Changes from Radiation
Molecular Changes from Radiation
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X-ray Use in Treatment
X-ray Use in Treatment
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X-ray Film Appearance
X-ray Film Appearance
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Film Density
Film Density
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X-ray Spectra
X-ray Spectra
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X-ray Beam Energy
X-ray Beam Energy
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Coherent Scattering
Coherent Scattering
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Photoelectric Effect
Photoelectric Effect
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Compton Scattering
Compton Scattering
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Compton Scattering Head-on Collision
Compton Scattering Head-on Collision
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Biological Damage in Compton Scattering
Biological Damage in Compton Scattering
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Photoelectric Effect Absorption
Photoelectric Effect Absorption
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X-ray Attenuation
X-ray Attenuation
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Compton Scattering Interaction
Compton Scattering Interaction
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Inverse Square Law
Inverse Square Law
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X-ray Quality and Penetration
X-ray Quality and Penetration
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Study Notes
X-ray Production and Interaction with Matter
- X-rays obey the inverse square law in free space, where intensity varies inversely with the square of the distance from the source.
- X-rays are produced by the collision of electrons with tungsten atoms, resulting in two types of spectra: continuous and characteristic.
- The quality and penetration of X-rays depend on the energy carried by the X-ray beam, determined by factors such as kilo voltage, milli amperage, and target material.
- Attenuation, absorption, and scatter affect the intensity of X-rays passing through matter, with three mechanisms of interaction: coherent scattering, photoelectric effect, and Compton scattering.
- Coherent scattering involves deflection without energy loss and is used for investigating molecular structure through X-ray diffraction.
- The photoelectric effect occurs when an incident photon collides with a bound electron, leading to emission of characteristic radiation and atom ionization.
- Compton scattering involves interaction of photons with free or loosely bound electrons, resulting in scattered photons with reduced energy and increased wavelength.
- The angle through which the photon is scattered in Compton scattering depends on the energy lost by the photon.
- In case of head-on collision in Compton scattering, the photon is turned back along its track and maximum energy is transferred to the recoil electron.
- Recoil electrons in Compton scattering undergo further ionizing interactions within tissues, causing biological damage.
- About 30% of photons absorbed from a dental X-ray beam are absorbed by the photoelectric process.
- The intensity of X-rays passing through matter is reduced due to attenuation, absorption, and scattering processes.
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