X-Ray Imaging

X-ray Imaging Challenges

• Blurring is a major issue in obtaining high-quality X-ray images, causing edges of objects in the image to appear blurry, known as penumbra.
• The penumbra width (P) can be calculated using the formula: 𝒑 = 𝑫 / 𝑳, where D is the focal spot size and L is the distance.

Reducing Scatter Radiation

• Scatter radiation is a significant problem in X-ray imaging, particularly in thicker body parts like the abdomen or pelvis.
• Scatter radiation can be reduced using grids, which consist of lead and plastic strips aligned to absorb scattered radiation and allow the main beam photons to pass through.
• However, grids have a disadvantage: they increase the radiation dose to the patient, as they can absorb some primary beam photons.

X-ray Beam Filtration

• Low-energy X-rays do not penetrate the entire body thickness, increasing the patient's radiation dose without improving image quality.
• Filters, such as thin plates of aluminum, copper, or other materials, can be placed in the beam in front of the X-ray tube window to remove low-energy radiation.