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Questions and Answers
What is the primary use of X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD)?
What is the primary use of X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD)?
- To measure the intensities and scattering angles of incident X-rays
- To determine the crystallographic structure of a material (correct)
- To identify the sources of incident X-rays
- To develop detectors and optics for X-ray analysis
Who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1915 for their work on diffraction laws?
Who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1915 for their work on diffraction laws?
- von Laue
- Debye and Scherrer
- Bragg & Bragg (correct)
- Roentgen
What distinguishes crystalline materials from amorphous materials?
What distinguishes crystalline materials from amorphous materials?
- Crystalline materials do not exhibit X-ray powder diffraction patterns
- Amorphous materials have long-range order
- Amorphous materials have molecular dimers
- Crystalline materials have long range order and exhibit X-ray powder diffraction patterns (correct)
Who developed the original methods of X-ray diffraction using film-based techniques?
Who developed the original methods of X-ray diffraction using film-based techniques?
When was the first commercial diffractometer developed?
When was the first commercial diffractometer developed?
What is the crystal lattice?
What is the crystal lattice?
What is the unit cell in a crystal lattice?
What is the unit cell in a crystal lattice?
Who proposed the simple interpretation of von Laue’s experiment and found conditions for reflection through Bragg's law?
Who proposed the simple interpretation of von Laue’s experiment and found conditions for reflection through Bragg's law?
What is the significance of n in Bragg's law for constructive interference?
What is the significance of n in Bragg's law for constructive interference?
What is the purpose of a collimator in X-ray diffraction (XRD) equipment?
What is the purpose of a collimator in X-ray diffraction (XRD) equipment?
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Study Notes
X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD)
- Primary use of X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) is to determine the arrangement of atoms within a material.
History of XRD
- Nobel Prize in 1915 was awarded to W.L. Bragg and W.H. Bragg for their work on diffraction laws.
Crystalline vs Amorphous Materials
- Crystalline materials are distinguished from amorphous materials by their repeating patterns of atoms.
Development of XRD
- Original methods of X-ray diffraction using film-based techniques were developed by M. Laue and W.L. Bragg.
- First commercial diffractometer was developed in 1948.
Crystal Lattice
- Crystal lattice is a three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a material.
- Unit cell in a crystal lattice is the smallest repeating unit of the lattice.
Bragg's Law
- W.L. Bragg proposed the simple interpretation of von Laue's experiment and found conditions for reflection through Bragg's law.
- In Bragg's law, 'n' represents the order of reflection, and its significance lies in constructive interference occurring when 'n' is an integer.
XRD Equipment
- Purpose of a collimator in X-ray diffraction (XRD) equipment is to focus and direct the X-ray beam onto the sample.
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