Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which material is typically a better conductor of electricity?
Which material is typically a better conductor of electricity?
- Plastic
- Wood
- Rubber
- Copper (correct)
When a solid is heated enough and changes into a liquid, this is an example of what type of change?
When a solid is heated enough and changes into a liquid, this is an example of what type of change?
- Non-thermal change
- Chemical change
- Irreversible change
- Reversible change (correct)
Which of the following is a characteristic of a chemical reaction?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a chemical reaction?
- It occurs only in laboratories
- Physical appearance always changes
- Reactants change to products (correct)
- It can be reversed easily
What occurs when a gas is cooled sufficiently?
What occurs when a gas is cooled sufficiently?
Which of the following is considered a permanent change?
Which of the following is considered a permanent change?
Which of the following best describes thermal conductors?
Which of the following best describes thermal conductors?
Photosynthesis in plants is an example of which type of change?
Photosynthesis in plants is an example of which type of change?
Which material would most likely NOT be a good electrical conductor?
Which material would most likely NOT be a good electrical conductor?
What type of change is melting an example of?
What type of change is melting an example of?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of matter?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of matter?
Which materials are considered thermal conductors?
Which materials are considered thermal conductors?
What defines a chemical change compared to a physical change?
What defines a chemical change compared to a physical change?
What are the three states of matter?
What are the three states of matter?
Which of these materials is an insulator?
Which of these materials is an insulator?
What process is described by the transformation of two substances into a completely new substance?
What process is described by the transformation of two substances into a completely new substance?
Why is understanding material properties important for scientists and engineers?
Why is understanding material properties important for scientists and engineers?
Flashcards
Matter
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume).
States of Matter
States of Matter
The different forms matter can take: solid, liquid, and gas.
Physical Change
Physical Change
A change in a material's form, but not its chemical makeup.
Chemical Change
Chemical Change
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Material
Material
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Substance
Substance
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Thermal Conductor
Thermal Conductor
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Thermal Insulator
Thermal Insulator
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Electrical Conductor
Electrical Conductor
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Thermal Conductor
Thermal Conductor
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Reversible Change
Reversible Change
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Irreversible Change
Irreversible Change
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Chemical Reaction
Chemical Reaction
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Reactants
Reactants
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Product
Product
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Study Notes
Materials: Properties and Changes
- Materials can change physically or chemically
- Physical changes alter the form, not composition (e.g., melting, cutting, freezing)
- Chemical changes create new substances (e.g., rusting, burning, cooking)
- Understanding material properties helps engineers and scientists create better technology
- Examples of materials: seawater, steel, copper, gold, silver, dry wood, diamond, oil, glass, rubber
Properties of Substances
- Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)
- Matter can change from solid to liquid to gas
- Materials are specific substances or combinations of substances (e.g., wood, marble)
- Substances are chemical elements (e.g., gold, water) or chemical compounds (e.g., water, salt)
Evaporation and Boiling
- Evaporation occurs at a fixed temperature
- Bubbles form throughout the liquid during evaporation
- Evaporation causes the liquid's temperature to decrease
- Evaporation is a faster process
- Boiling can occur at any temperature
- Boiling happens on the liquid's surface
- Temperature remains constant during boiling
- Boiling takes place until internal liquid temperature equals external temperature
Melting and Freezing
- Melting is changing from solid to liquid (reversible)
- Freezing is changing from liquid to solid (reversible)
- Melting and freezing have specific points for different materials
- Heat transfer between materials is called thermal conductivity
States of Matter
- Matter exists as solids, liquids, or gases
- Solids have fixed shapes and volumes
- Liquids take the shape of their container, but have fixed volume
- Gases spread to fill their container
Thermal and Electrical Conductors
- Thermal conductors allow heat to pass through them easily (e.g., metals)
- Insulators are poor conductors of heat (e.g., wood, plastic)
- Electrical conductors allow electricity to pass through them (e.g., metals)
- Insulators do not allow electricity to pass (e.g., wood, rubber)
Reversible Changes
- Some changes in materials can be reversed or undone (e.g., melting and freezing)
- Heating and cooling can cause changes in the state of substances
Irreversible Changes
- Changes that cannot be reversed or undone are called chemical reactions (e.g., burning, rusting)
- Chemical reactions result in new substances
Dissolving
- Dissolving occurs when a solid mixes with a liquid
- The liquid is called a solvent, the solid is the solute
- Dissolving forms a solution
- Solution particles are evenly spread within the solvent
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