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Questions and Answers
What is the origin of the word 'sculpture'?
What is the origin of the word 'sculpture'?
Which material is NOT commonly used in the creation of sculptures?
Which material is NOT commonly used in the creation of sculptures?
What role did the first sculptures play in ancient societies?
What role did the first sculptures play in ancient societies?
In the context of sculpture, which of these is meant by 'bust'?
In the context of sculpture, which of these is meant by 'bust'?
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How does sculpture differ from painting according to its definition?
How does sculpture differ from painting according to its definition?
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What is a primary theme reflected in many sculptures throughout history?
What is a primary theme reflected in many sculptures throughout history?
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What is a statue according to the definition provided?
What is a statue according to the definition provided?
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What is the most significant consideration when choosing a sculpture theme?
What is the most significant consideration when choosing a sculpture theme?
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What is the characteristic feature of high relief sculpture?
What is the characteristic feature of high relief sculpture?
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Which technique involves the removal of material to create a sculpture?
Which technique involves the removal of material to create a sculpture?
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In what type of relief are figures carved below the surface?
In what type of relief are figures carved below the surface?
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What is the primary difference between stone carving and wood carving in terms of tools used?
What is the primary difference between stone carving and wood carving in terms of tools used?
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What type of relief is also referred to as low relief?
What type of relief is also referred to as low relief?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of additive processes in sculpture?
Which of the following is a characteristic of additive processes in sculpture?
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Which material is NOT listed as part of the brand of carved stones used in architectural materials?
Which material is NOT listed as part of the brand of carved stones used in architectural materials?
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What does the term 'relief' signify in sculptural terms?
What does the term 'relief' signify in sculptural terms?
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What is the primary method used in glass casting?
What is the primary method used in glass casting?
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Which material is most commonly associated with traditional sculpture?
Which material is most commonly associated with traditional sculpture?
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What is an example of assemblage in sculpture?
What is an example of assemblage in sculpture?
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Which of the following techniques is specifically designed for mass-producing pottery?
Which of the following techniques is specifically designed for mass-producing pottery?
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What kind of framework does an armature provide in sculpture?
What kind of framework does an armature provide in sculpture?
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What distinguishes terracotta from other clay types?
What distinguishes terracotta from other clay types?
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Which characteristic of marble contributes to its use in classical art?
Which characteristic of marble contributes to its use in classical art?
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What is craftsmanship in the context of sculpture?
What is craftsmanship in the context of sculpture?
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Course: HUM 101 Arts Appreciation
- Instructor: Jacques Axid A. Rosello, MSDC
Sculpture Learning Objectives
- Discuss the origin of sculpture
- Recognize the importance of sculpture
- Validate knowledge about the type, medium, and technique of sculpture
- Display an ability to make sculptures
Sculpture Definition
- Derived from the Latin word "sculpere," meaning "to carve"
- One of the oldest art forms
- Creates three-dimensional mass in space, unlike painting
- Methods include cutting, casting, modeling, and combining materials
Sculpture Importance
- Most well-known and superb type of fine art
- Depicts humanity
- Represents societal values like morality, politics, and religion
- Plays various roles in human life; including creating magical assistance for trackers, depicting gods, and making their kings immortal
Sculpture in Ancient Times
- Primarily associated with religion
- Included images of humans, objects revered by spirits, and elements familiar in many cultures
Types of Sculpture
- Bust: Sculpted and painted upper part of the human figure (head, neck, shoulders, chest, or breast)
- Statue: Life-size or larger sculpture of a person or animal made of metal, stone, or wood
- Architecture: A universal classification for structural designs like buildings, bridges, burial chambers, and other large projects. Materials include carved stone (brownstone), cast iron, machine-pressed sheet zinc, terra cotta, concrete, and other related materials
Relief Sculpture
- Comes from the Latin verb "levo," which means "to raise"
- Material raised above the canvas
- Projected into three-dimensional space
- High relief: Dramatically raised from the background
- Sunken relief: Carved below the sculpture's surface
- Bas relief: Figures are slightly raised from the surface
Sculpture Techniques
- Subtractive: Removing undesired elements (e.g., carving stone or wood)
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Additive: Combining small pieces of the substance (e.g., welding metals or mixing clays)
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Carving: cutting away materials to desired form
- Stone carving: Using patience and planning, essential tools like hammers and chisels
- Wood carving: Employing cutting tools to shape wood; using knives, slicer saws, chisels, and gouges; for shapes, lines, hollows, rounds, and curves.
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Casting: Pouring liquid material into a hollow cavity, allowing it to harden
- Glass casting: Modeling activity using essential tools on rough natural stones
- Slip casting: A technique for mass pottery production
- Molding: Building up or shaping soft or plastic materials like clay or wax
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Carving: cutting away materials to desired form
Sculpture Components
- Armature: Skeleton-like framework used to support the sculpture, usually wire
- Base: The portion of the sculpture that rests on the ground
- Craftsmanship: A skill of using tools and materials to create art
- Plaster of Paris: Fine white powder that hardens when mixed with water
- Freestanding: A type of monumental sculpture that is meant to be viewed from all angles
- Manipulation: Shapping an object by using worker’s skills
- Replications: a precise reproduction of an artwork (replica)
- Kinetic and Mobile: Three-dimensional figures that move
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