Untitled Quiz

Japan supported Filipino nationalists, provided networks, and promoted alternative political parties.

Japan became a major trading partner, and Japanese immigration increased due to economic opportunities. Japanese involvement in industries like abaca led to efficiency gains.

Japanese immigration increased to the Philippines in the 1930s for economic opportunities in industries like abaca.

Philippines exported agricultural goods (sugar, abaca) and imported Japanese textiles and retail goods.

Japanese-run abaca plantations, particularly in Davao, were considered highly efficient in the Philippines.

Filipino resentment grew towards Japanese due to competition in the labor market and retail industries.

Japanese labor, skills, and industrial expertise were credited with advancements in key industries, although Filipino workers were overlooked.

Philippine farmers, especially in Bicol, faced challenges competing with highly efficient Japanese-run abaca plantations.

The Second Republic under President Laurel had a unicameral legislature with 54 members led by a speaker, a supreme court headed by Chief Justice Jose Yulo, and a strong Japanese military influence over all branches of government.

Despite appearances, the Japanese military had direct control over Laurel's administration, effectively making it a puppet government. The military could veto decisions made by Filipinos and used the Kenpetai (military police) to spy on them.

The Second Philippine Republic, as a puppet state, was obligated to join the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere (GEACPS), a Japanese-led alliance of Asian nations aimed at economic and political cooperation. This alliance promoted Japan's role as a liberator of Asia from Western colonialism.

The Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod ng Bagong Pilipinas (KALIBAPI), a single, state-sponsored political party, served as a conduit for implementing Japanese policies in the Philippines. The Japanese military oversaw the overall direction of these policies, while Filipinos collaborated on specific issues through KALIBAPI.

The Japanese government used the concept of the Pan-Asian ideal to justify their dominance in the region, portraying themselves as liberators of Asia from Western colonialism. This ideology was central to their propaganda efforts.

A legal principle holding commanders accountable for war crimes committed by their troops, even if they didn't directly order them.

The trial of General Tomoyuki Yamashita, a Japanese commander, for war crimes committed by his troops in the Philippines during World War II.

The collaboration of President Manuel L. Quezon's administration with the Japanese during the war, aimed at mitigating the damage to Filipinos.

A Filipino politician who collaborated with the Japanese during the war, later became the first president of the Third Philippine Republic.

The period of Philippine history after World War II, marked by the independence from American rule and establishment of a new democratic government.

Ricarte was seen as an anti-American figure, which made him appealing to the Japanese who wanted to replace American control.

The Japanese favored Ricarte because his leadership promised a regime free from American influence, unlike Filipino elites who had collaborated with the US and could be seen as potential betrayers.

Filipino veterans of the revolution, like Leon Villafuerte, Andres Villanueva, and Emilio Aguinaldo, supported the Japanese because they saw it as a way to continue the fight against American control.

This Filipino political party (Sakdal turned Ganap) couldn't function under the Japanese regime because it was a one-party state, forcing them to align with the dominant party.

Ganapists were prioritized for 'Yoin' roles, which were community workers primarily serving the Japanese military. These jobs offered wages, food, and medical supplies, essential for survival during war shortages.

Being a community worker (Yoin) provided a much-needed source of income, rations, and medical care during the war, offering basic necessities in a time of economic hardship.

This pro-Japanese Filipino organization, formed by Ricarte and Ramos, aimed to support the Japanese in case of an American return. It was intended to offer Filipino help in fighting Americans.

Disgruntled Japanese officers tried to overthrow the military regime for failing to grant positions to pro-Japanese Filipinos like Ricarte and Ramos. These assassination attempts failed.

Families in the Philippines with a long history of political power, often passing leadership down through generations.

A political system where parties lack strong structures and ideological differences, making party loyalty less significant.

A political system where power is effectively held by a small group of wealthy and influential people, often from the same families.

Ferdinand Marcos, initially a Liberal, became a Nacionalista when the Liberal party supported his rival.

Diosdado Macapagal, known for his intellectual background, was considered the closest thing to a philosopher President of the Philippines.

Elections lacking fairness and transparency, often marked by irregularities and fraud.

Political contests focused more on individual leaders' personalities and public image than on policies or party platforms.

Family ties and networks play a critical role in Philippine politics.

Filipinos grew frustrated with the economic policies of President Magsaysay, leading to increased support for protectionist policies.

Marcos implemented a more protectionist economic approach, increasing government spending and intervention, emphasizing projects like rice, roads, and schools.

Marcos's excessive spending led to a financial crisis in 1969, with an empty treasury, bankrupt government businesses, and a default on debt payments.

The crisis further heightened social tensions in the Philippines as a result of delayed industrialization and economic problems.

Frequent changes in administration and lack of policy continuity hindered industrialization efforts.

Philippines had a tendency towards personality-based politics, where policies shifted drastically with each administration.

Marcos used smear campaigns against his opponents, attacking their policies and character to win elections.

The short four-year presidential term made it challenging to implement long-term policies and plans for industrialization.