32 Questions
What is the common core structure shared by amino acids?
Peptide bonds
What is the main goal of the folding of the primary sequence of a protein?
To create a groove for catalytic activity
What process allows all cells to take in food and generate energy?
Autocatalytic process
What directs the order of amino acids that produce proteins?
Order of nucleotides in DNA and RNA molecules
What do proteins perform that allows cells to undergo transcription and translation?
Important catalytic processes
What does the segment of DNA sequence corresponding to a single protein or RNA molecule represent?
Gene
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA to RNA to protein
Which molecule serves as the template for the synthesis of RNA during transcription?
DNA
What is the building block of newly generated protein chains during translation?
Amino acids
What are the building blocks of polymers in DNA?
Nucleotides
What type of bond links nucleotides to form the sugar-phosphate backbone of a DNA strand?
Phosphodiester bond
How many hydrogen bonds are there between a guanine (G) and cytosine (C) base pair in DNA?
3
What is the orientation of the backbone of the template strand in DNA?
'3 end' to '5 end'
Which molecule has a short lifetime and is more abundant, moving from nucleus to cytoplasm?
RNA
Under what conditions can RNA molecules exhibit catalytic activity?
Under certain conditions, regardless of temperature
What is the most important terminology associated with DNA?
Nucleotide, nucleoside, templated polymerisation
What is the function of the catalytic site in the folding of a protein?
It allows the enzyme to catalyze a reaction specific for that enzyme
What does the central dogma of molecular biology describe?
The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein
In DNA, what directs the order of amino acids that produce proteins?
The sequence of nucleotides in DNA molecules
What is the main role of noncoding RNAs in cells?
To regulate gene expression and cellular processes
What is the fundamental goal of an autocatalytic process in cells?
To enable cells to take in food and use energy
What is the main purpose of the optimal amino acid sequence in a protein?
To enable the protein to fold into its 3D structure
What is the primary function of DNA replication?
To generate copies of the DNA molecule for cell division
What is the significance of the sugar-phosphate bonds in DNA?
They form the sugar-phosphate backbone of a DNA strand
What phenomenon is common to all living species and is central to the definition of life?
Heredity
What is the main role of noncoding RNAs in cells?
To regulate gene expression and cellular processes
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA replication leads to RNA and then protein synthesis
What are the building blocks of polymers in DNA?
Nucleotides
What structural feature contributes to the polarity of DNA strands?
The opposite orientation of the sugar-phosphate backbones
Under what conditions can RNA molecules exhibit catalytic activity?
When they form specific 3D structures known as ribozymes
What is the primary function of RNA in cells?
To translate genetic information from DNA into proteins
What is the significance of the 3 hydrogen bonds between guanine (G) and cytosine (C) base pair in DNA?
They stabilize the double helix structure of DNA
Explore the fundamental concepts of molecular biology, including the study of life, diversity of living species, heredity, and evolution over billions of years. Learn about how all living things take in matter from their surroundings and use raw materials to generate copies of themselves.
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