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Untitled Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are five biotic and five abiotic factors we might study in an ecosystem?

Animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, and protists; water, soil, air, sunlight, and temperature.

What is the water cycle?

  • The process of water collecting in oceans.
  • The process of water freezing and melting.
  • The process of water moving from Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back. (correct)
  • The process of water purifying itself.

    • What are the main steps in the carbon cycle?

    Photosynthesis, respiration, exchange, sedimentation and burial, extraction, and combustion.

    What are the main processes involved in the nitrogen cycle?

    <p>Fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is nitrogen fixation?

    <p>The process where nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert nitrogen into ammonia which can be taken up by plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ammonification?

    <p>The process where decomposers convert organic waste into ammonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is nitrification?

    <p>The conversion of ammonium into nitrate and nitrite through the work of nitrifying bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is denitrification?

    <p>The process that breaks down nitrates in the soil and releases nitrogen into the atmosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The steps in the phosphorus cycle include weathering of uplifted rocks contributing ______ to the land.

    <p>phosphates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines mutualism?

    <p>A relationship where both species benefit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines commensalism?

    <p>A relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines parasitism?

    <p>A relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is competition in ecology?

    <p>A common demand by two or more organisms upon a limited supply of a resource.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is predation?

    <p>An interaction in which one organism kills another for food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What climatic patterns determine the type of biome?

    <p>Species, temperature range, soil type, amount of light, and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the tropical rain forest biome.

    <p>A biome characterized by large amounts of rainfall, thick canopies and understories, little nutrients in the soil, and high biodiversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the temperature deciduous forest biome.

    <p>Moderate rainfall, warm summers and cool winters, dominated by trees that shed their leaves in winter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the taiga (boreal) forest biome like?

    <p>Characterized by long cold winters, short mildly wet summers, and conifer/evergreen trees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the Tropical Grassland (Savanna) biome.

    <p>Characterized by warm temperatures with a dry season and a rainy season, vegetation includes tall grass and scattered trees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the Temperate Grassland biome.

    <p>Characterized by plains and prairies covering fertile soils with warm to hot summers and cold winters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the tundra biome.

    <p>An extremely cold and dry biome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ecosystem Factors

    • Biotic factors include animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, and protists.
    • Abiotic factors encompass water, soil, air, sunlight, and temperature.
    • These factors determine the carrying capacity of an ecosystem by influencing resource availability.

    Water Cycle

    • Continuous movement of water between Earth's surface and the atmosphere.
    • Key processes: evaporation, transpiration, condensation, and precipitation.

    Carbon Cycle

    • Involves processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, exchange, sedimentation, burial, extraction, and combustion.
    • Human activities like burning fossil fuels impact atmospheric carbon concentration.

    Nitrogen Cycle

    • Comprises fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification.
    • Human disruption through increased nitrogen storage reflects in fossil fuel combustion, leading to air pollution.

    Nitrogen Fixation

    • Key players include legumes and symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules.
    • Converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia for plant uptake.

    Ammonification

    • Process where decomposers convert organic waste into ammonia.

    Nitrification

    • Conversion of ammonium into nitrate and nitrite by nitrifying bacteria.

    Denitrification

    • Final step in the nitrogen cycle where soil nitrates are broken down by microorganisms, releasing nitrogen back into the atmosphere.

    Phosphorus Cycle Steps

    • Weathering of rocks releases phosphates; some flow back to oceans.
    • Phosphate fertilizers can runoff into streams or be absorbed by plants.
    • Animal excretion and decomposition release phosphates into land or water.
    • Dissolved phosphates may precipitate and eventually form ocean sediments.

    Mutualism

    • Symbiotic relationship where both species involved benefit.

    Commensalism

    • One species benefits while the other is unaffected in this type of relationship.

    Parasitism

    • Interaction where one species benefits at the expense of the other, causing harm.

    Competition

    • Occurs when multiple organisms demand limited resources, can be intraspecific (same species) or interspecific (different species).

    Predation

    • Interaction involving one organism killing another for food.

    Climatic Patterns of Biomes

    • Determined by species present, temperature range, soil type, and availability of light and water.

    Tropical Rainforest Biome

    • High rainfall, thick canopies, nutrient-poor soil, and remarkable biodiversity.

    Temperate Deciduous Forest Biome

    • Moderate rainfall with warm summers and cool winters; characterized by trees that shed leaves.

    Taiga (Boreal) Forest Biome

    • Features long, cold winters and short, mildly wet summers; dominated by coniferous trees.

    Tropical Grassland (Savanna)

    • Warm climate with distinct dry and rainy seasons; features tall grasses and scattered trees.

    Temperate Grassland Biome

    • Comprises plains and prairies with fertile soils; characterized by hot summers and cold winters with moderate rainfall.

    Tundra Biome

    • Extremely cold and dry biome; known for its unique flora and fauna adapted to harsh conditions.

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