WWI Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

The two opposing sides in the war were the Allies and the ______ Powers.

Central

The ______ entered the war in May 1915 on the side of the Allies.

Italy

The USA entered the war in ______ 1917.

April

Both sides dug themselves in and spent the next four years attacking and defending lines of ______.

<p>trenches</p> Signup and view all the answers

Germany captured ______ by December 1917, forcing the Russians out of the war.

<p>Poland</p> Signup and view all the answers

An armistice was signed on 11 November ______.

<p>1918</p> Signup and view all the answers

The controversial peace settlement was signed at ______ the following year.

<p>Versailles</p> Signup and view all the answers

The German advance on the western front was initially held up by strong ______ resistance.

<p>Belgian</p> Signup and view all the answers

The British tried at Neuve Chapelle and Loos, while the French tried in ______.

<p>Champagne</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Germans attacked again at ______.

<p>Ypres</p> Signup and view all the answers

Trench warfare presented the same challenges, including barbed wire in ______.

<p>no-man's land</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reconnaissance ______ and observation balloons were used to spot troop concentrations.

<p>aircraft</p> Signup and view all the answers

The increased firepower of magazine rifles and machine-guns made frontal attacks ______.

<p>suicidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Russia faced mixed fortunes, having successes against ______, but defeats against Germany.

<p>Austria</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Gallipoli Campaign aimed to clear the Dardanelles and open a supply line to ______.

<p>Russia</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first attempt at Gallipoli, a naval attack, failed when ships ran into a series of ______.

<p>mines</p> Signup and view all the answers

The year 1915 was not a good one for the ______; even a British army became bogged down in Mesopotamia.

<p>Allies</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bulgaria's decision to join the ______ Powers was likely influenced by the war's developments.

<p>Central</p> Signup and view all the answers

A Franco-British force landed at Salonika in neutral Greece to try and relieve ______.

<p>Serbia</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Italians aimed to seize Austria-Hungary's Italian-speaking provinces and territory along the eastern shore of the ______ Sea.

<p>Adriatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Battle of Verdun was a massive attack launched by the Germans under ______.

<p>Falkenhayn</p> Signup and view all the answers

The French lost heavily at Verdun, with about ______ men losing their lives.

<p>315000</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Battle of the Somme began on ______ July and lasted through to November.

<p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

The aim of the Somme was to relieve pressure on the French at Verdun and keep the Germans fully ______.

<p>committed</p> Signup and view all the answers

On the very first day, 20,000 were killed and 60,000 were ______.

<p>injured</p> Signup and view all the answers

The real importance of the battle was the blow to German ______.

<p>morale</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Allies made only limited advances varying between a few hundred yards and ______ miles, along a 30-mile front.

<p>seven</p> Signup and view all the answers

Losses on both sides were appalling, with German casualties amounting to ______ 650,000.

<p>around</p> Signup and view all the answers

Haig came in for the most serious ______ for the majority of historians.

<p>criticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

One historian, W.J. Laffin, called his book about the war 'British Butchers and ______ of World War 1'.

<p>Bunglers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Haig was slow to see beyond the tactic of the '______ push'.

<p>big</p> Signup and view all the answers

The horrors of the Somme contributed to the fall of British Prime Minister, ______.

<p>Asquith</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Battle of Jutland took place on ______ 1916.

<p>31 May</p> Signup and view all the answers

The German Admiral von Scheer tried to lure part of the ______ fleet out from its base.

<p>British</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Germans lost ______ ships during the Battle of Jutland.

<p>11</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Germans' failed attempt to destroy British sea power led them to embark on ______ submarine warfare.

<p>unrestricted</p> Signup and view all the answers

The peak of German success in submarine warfare came in ______ 1917.

<p>April</p> Signup and view all the answers

In April 1917, Britain was down to about six weeks' ______ supply.

<p>corn</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lloyd George insisted that the Admiralty adopt a ______ system to protect merchant ships.

<p>convoy</p> Signup and view all the answers

The German High Seas Fleet stayed in ______ for the rest of the war.

<p>Kiel</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The First World War

  • The First World War (1914-1918) pitted the Allies (Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Serbia, Belgium, Romania, USA, Japan) against the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria).
  • Unlike expectations of a short war, the conflict dragged on for four years, largely due to trench warfare on the Western Front which resulted in a stalemate.
  • Initial German attempts to quickly defeat France failed, leading to a costly trench warfare that lasted till 1918.
  • Eastern Europe saw more movement with initial Russian successes against Austria, but German intervention forced Russia out of the war in December 1917.
  • The war turned in favor of the Allies after the US entry in April 1917.
  • Germany's last desperate attempt for a decisive breakthrough in France in spring 1918 was unsuccessful.
  • The British blockade of German ports and the successful defense of convoys starved the Germans, weakening their position by late summer 1918.
  • An armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, concluding the war.
  • The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, established a controversial peace settlement.

1914:

Western Front:

  • The German advance was initially hindered by strong Belgian resistance, delaying the capture of Brussels.
  • Early attempts at breakthroughs by the Allies (British at Neuve Chapelle and Loos, French in Champagne, Germans at Ypres) failed due to the challenges of trench warfare.
  • Trench warfare was characterized by barbed wire, aerial reconnaissance, and increased firepower, making frontal attacks incredibly risky and rendering cavalry ineffective.

Eastern Front:

  • Russia experienced mixed fortunes, achieving successes against Austria but facing defeats against Germany, leading to the capture of Warsaw and Poland.
  • The Turkish blockade of the Dardanelles hampered Russian supplies, further complicating their situation.

The Gallipoli Campaign:

  • Launched by Winston Churchill, the Gallipoli Campaign aimed to clear the Dardanelles and alleviate the deadlock on the Western Front.
  • The campaign was a failure, with the initial naval attack failing due to mines, and subsequent landings facing stiff Turkish resistance.
  • Allied forces were ultimately withdrawn in December, severely impacting morale and representing a missed opportunity to aid Russia via the Black Sea.

Serbia:

  • Serbia was overrun by Bulgarians and Germans after Bulgaria joined the Central Powers in October 1915.
  • A Franco-British force landed at Salonika in neutral Greece to aid Serbia, but it was too late.

Mesopotamia:

  • British forces, tasked with protecting Anglo-Persian oil interests, became bogged down in Mesopotamia while approaching Baghdad.
  • They were besieged by the Turks at Kut-el-Amara from December 1915 to March 1916, ultimately forced to surrender.

Italy's Declaration of War:

  • Italy, motivated by territorial ambitions, declared war on Austria-Hungary in May 1915.
  • The Italians hoped to seize Austrian territories, but their progress was limited and ultimately did not alleviate pressure on the Russians.

1916:

Western Front:

  • 1916 witnessed two major battles: Verdun and the Somme.
  • The Battle of Verdun saw a massive German offensive aimed at drawing French forces and inflicting heavy losses.
  • The French, under Pétain, held their ground, preventing the German advance, but both sides suffered significant casualties.
  • The Somme was a series of assaults, mainly by British troops, intended to relieve pressure on Verdun and keep the Germans engaged on the Western Front.
  • The battle began disastrously for the British, with heavy losses on the first day, and continued with limited gains despite immense casualties.
  • The Somme weakened German morale and underscored Britain's growing military capabilities.
  • Despite the horrors of the Somme, Allied generals continued to favor frontal assaults, leading to further heavy casualties.
  • The Battle of Jutland (May 31, 1916) was the only major engagement between the main battle fleets of the war.
  • It was a tactical German victory, but failed to cripple British sea power.
  • The Battle of Jutland marked a shift in German strategy.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare:

  • Germany, facing food shortages due to the British blockade, initiated "unrestricted" submarine warfare in January 1917.
  • This campaign aimed to sink all merchant ships in the Atlantic, even neutral ones, risking US entry into the war.
  • While initially effective, the British response with a convoy system countered the submarine threat.

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