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Questions and Answers
One more element that added to the human and material costs was the
One more element that added to the human and material costs was the
- pandemic, spread of a disease in a large area, of influenza (correct)
- The black death, plague
- Smallpox and measles
In the battle zones from France to Russia, destruction was everywhere; thus, people fled these areas as refugees. Later, costs of reconstruction and paying war debts were _____.
In the battle zones from France to Russia, destruction was everywhere; thus, people fled these areas as refugees. Later, costs of reconstruction and paying war debts were _____.
a burden for an already battered world
While the Allies blamed the conflict on their defeated foes and insisted that the losers make reparations, or payments for war damage, the Central Powers looked for _____ on whom they could blame their defeat.
While the Allies blamed the conflict on their defeated foes and insisted that the losers make reparations, or payments for war damage, the Central Powers looked for _____ on whom they could blame their defeat.
scapegoats
Political turmoil after the WWI was represented in the following except
Political turmoil after the WWI was represented in the following except
_____ those who wanted to make extreme change, dreamt of building a new social order from the chaos.
_____ those who wanted to make extreme change, dreamt of building a new social order from the chaos.
The Conservatives warned against the spread of bolshevism, or
The Conservatives warned against the spread of bolshevism, or
In Paris Peace Conference, while the victorious Allies met to discuss the fate of Europe, the Ottoman Empire, and various colonies, the Central Powers and _____ were not allowed to take part in the negotiations.
In Paris Peace Conference, while the victorious Allies met to discuss the fate of Europe, the Ottoman Empire, and various colonies, the Central Powers and _____ were not allowed to take part in the negotiations.
In the conference, the French leader George Clemenceau' main goal was to “weaken Germany so that it could never again threaten France”. The American president Wilson's main goal was to urge for “ peace without victory”, while the British Prime minister David Lloyd was concerned about
In the conference, the French leader George Clemenceau' main goal was to “weaken Germany so that it could never again threaten France”. The American president Wilson's main goal was to urge for “ peace without victory”, while the British Prime minister David Lloyd was concerned about
The Italian prime minister Vittorio Orlando insisted that the Allies should fulfill their promise by
The Italian prime minister Vittorio Orlando insisted that the Allies should fulfill their promise by
People ruled by Russia, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire were demanding _____ but since their demands overlapped, it was difficult to satisfy them all.
People ruled by Russia, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire were demanding _____ but since their demands overlapped, it was difficult to satisfy them all.
Wilson had to compromise his 14 Points, but he was not willing to sacrifice his dream of creating _____ based on the idea of _____a system in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of all.
Wilson had to compromise his 14 Points, but he was not willing to sacrifice his dream of creating _____ based on the idea of _____a system in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of all.
The German delegates were horrified by the terms of Versailles Treaty they were asked to sign in June 1919, for the treaty was meant to include what follow except
The German delegates were horrified by the terms of Versailles Treaty they were asked to sign in June 1919, for the treaty was meant to include what follow except
The treaty aimed also at weakening Germany by limiting the size of German military and by the following except _____
The treaty aimed also at weakening Germany by limiting the size of German military and by the following except _____
The German signed the treaty
The German signed the treaty
Like the treaty of Versailles, the Allies signed other treaties with the other Central powers, and new countries emerged on the map when some parts got the right to be independent nations like Poland for example. Other examples included the following except
Like the treaty of Versailles, the Allies signed other treaties with the other Central powers, and new countries emerged on the map when some parts got the right to be independent nations like Poland for example. Other examples included the following except
Self- determination right was granted only to European countries, but for overseas colonies, treaties created a system of _____ territories administrated by Western powers. That system made people in Africa to the Middle east and across Asia feel betrayed by the peacemakers since those parts of the world remained/ were made colonies.
Self- determination right was granted only to European countries, but for overseas colonies, treaties created a system of _____ territories administrated by Western powers. That system made people in Africa to the Middle east and across Asia feel betrayed by the peacemakers since those parts of the world remained/ were made colonies.
France and Britain gained mandates over the German colonies in _____ ; Japan and Australia gained mandates over some
France and Britain gained mandates over the German colonies in _____ ; Japan and Australia gained mandates over some
The United states never joined the League of Nations (consisted of 40 members and had no power outside of its member states) because of _____.
The United states never joined the League of Nations (consisted of 40 members and had no power outside of its member states) because of _____.
Flashcards
Pandemic
Pandemic
A widespread outbreak of an infectious disease impacting a large region.
Burden of war debts
Burden of war debts
The financial strain on a nation already struggling to recover after a war.
Scapegoats
Scapegoats
Individuals or groups who are unfairly blamed for problems.
Communism
Communism
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Paris Peace Conference exclusion
Paris Peace Conference exclusion
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David Lloyd's goal
David Lloyd's goal
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Vittorio Orlando's demand
Vittorio Orlando's demand
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Self-determination right
Self-determination right
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League of Nations / Collective Security
League of Nations / Collective Security
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Mandates
Mandates
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Study Notes
Elements Adding to Human and Material Costs
- A pandemic, and the spread of a disease in a large area, such as influenza, added to the human and material costs of war.
Costs of Reconstruction
- In battle zones from France to Russia, destruction was widespread, causing people to flee as refugees.
- The costs of reconstruction and paying war debts were a burden for an already battered world.
Blame for Conflict
- The Allies blamed the conflict on their defeated foes and demanded reparations for war damage.
- The Central Powers looked for scapegoats on whom they could blame their defeat.
Political Turmoil After WWI
- Political turmoil after WWI included the government collapsing in Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire.
- Colonies that sent soldiers to fight viewed the imperial powers as not invincible.
Radicals and Social Order
- Radicals wanted extreme change and dreamt of building a new social order from the chaos.
Spread of Bolshevism
- Conservatives warned against the spread of bolshevism, or communism.
Paris Peace Conference
- At the Paris Peace Conference, the victorious Allies discussed the fate of Europe, the Ottoman Empire, and various colonies.
- The Central Powers and Russia were not allowed to participate in the negotiations.
Goals at the Conference
- French leader George Clemenceau aimed to weaken Germany to prevent future threats to France.
- American President Wilson urged for "peace without victory."
- British Prime Minister David Lloyd was concerned about building a post-war Britain "fit for heroes."
Italian Prime Minister's Insistence
- Italian Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando insisted the Allies fulfill their promise by giving Italy the Austria-Hungarian lands inhabited by Italians.
Demands of People Ruled by Empires
- People ruled by Russia, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire demanded self-determination rights.
- Their overlapping demands made it difficult to satisfy them all.
Wilson's Compromise
- Wilson compromised on his 14 Points but insisted on creating the League of Nations and a system in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve peace.
Versailles Treaty Terms
- In June 1919, German delegates signing the Versailles Treaty were horrified, because Germany was expected to assume full blame for causing the war.
- Germany had to pay reparations covering the destruction, as well as pensions for Allied soldiers or their widows.
Weakening Germany
- The treaty aimed to weaken Germany by limiting the size of its military.
- The treaty did not aim to assign a French leader to be the new prime minister in the German government.
German's Reaction to Treaty
- The Germans were forced to sign the treaty, resulting in feelings of bitterness that would later contribute to WWII.
Treaties Signed by the Allies
- The Allies signed treaties similar to that of Versailles with the other Central powers, and new countries emerged, such as Czechoslovakia, Austria and Hungary (as one country).
- Greece, Italy, and Spain were not new countries included in this list.
Self-Determination and Overseas Colonies
- Self-determination rights were granted only to European countries.
- Treaties created a system of mandates for overseas colonies territories, administered by Western powers.
- That system made people in Africa to the Middle East and across Asia feel betrayed by the peacemakers since those parts of the world remained/ were made colonies.
Mandates
- France and Britain gained mandates over the German colonies in Africa.
- Japan and Australia gained mandates over some Africa / Pacific islands.
League of Nations
- The United States not joining the League of Nations (consisted of 40 members and had no power outside of its member states) because a. the senate (led by Henry Cabot Lodge) and the public opinion that wanted to restrict the treaty so that the United states would not involve in any future war.
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