Podcast
Questions and Answers
How far did justice change in the later middle ages?
How far did justice change in the later middle ages?
Justice changed significantly in the later Middle Ages due to social and religious changes, leading to a shift away from blood feuds and towards formalized law.
The church was responsible for the witch craze.
The church was responsible for the witch craze.
False
What kind of punishments were mostly used before the Bloody Code?
What kind of punishments were mostly used before the Bloody Code?
Common forms of punishment before the Bloody Code included whipping, transportation, and hanging.
Which of these factors did not contribute to the decline of the Bloody Code?
Which of these factors did not contribute to the decline of the Bloody Code?
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What was the significance of the Gaols Act of 1823?
What was the significance of the Gaols Act of 1823?
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Why were the Tolpuddle Martyrs punished so harshly?
Why were the Tolpuddle Martyrs punished so harshly?
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The introduction of the police force in 1829 effectively stamped out crime in England.
The introduction of the police force in 1829 effectively stamped out crime in England.
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What were the major changes in policing that occurred between 1700 and 1900?
What were the major changes in policing that occurred between 1700 and 1900?
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What were three main reasons for the end of transportation to Australia as a punishment?
What were three main reasons for the end of transportation to Australia as a punishment?
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What were the main aims of punishment in the medieval era? How did these aims change by the 19th century?
What were the main aims of punishment in the medieval era? How did these aims change by the 19th century?
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How did the social crime of poaching contribute to the inequalities of the time?
How did the social crime of poaching contribute to the inequalities of the time?
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Study Notes
Tab 1
- Introduction to crime and punishment in Anglo-Saxon England
- How far did the Normans change justice?
- Influence of the Church on crime and punishment in the later middle ages
- Key events and figures related to crime and punishment in the Middle Ages (e.g., the gunpowder plot, Matthew Hopkins, the Tolpuddle Martyrs)
- Crime and punishment in the industrial period
- Changes in policing and law enforcement in 1000 – 1500
- Introduction of prisons, changes in punishments between 1700 – 1900
- Factors of change including: poverty, wealth, attitudes to society, and religion
- Statistics on crime rates and fatal shootings
- Crime trends in the last 10 years
- Who is most likely to be a victim of crime?
- 3 important aspects of crime, punishment and law enforcement
Tab 2
- Timeline of punishments in 18th and 19th-century Britain
- The Gaol Act
- The American War of Independence
- John Howard's report
- Transportation to Australia
- Elizabeth Fry
- The Bloody Code
- Number of capital offences and how they changed
- 90 new prisons
- Last public hanging in Britain
- Transportation to Australia stops
- Summary of changing views on crime and punishment in 18th and 19th-Century Britain
Tab 3
- Types of crime (shoplifting, vandalism, murder, etc.)
- Kinds of punishment (imprisonment, forced labour, hanging, etc.)
- Crimes against property, people, and authority
- Different kinds of crimes before and after 1066 for example, conspiracy, heresy, treachery
Tab 4
- Who decided what crimes were in Anglo-Saxon England
- Anglo-Saxon society and crime
- Collective responsibility
- How did the courts work
- Crimes against people, property and authority
- Different laws and kingdoms
- Historical records of laws
Tab 5
- Trial by ordeal (bread, hot iron, hot water, cold water)
- Description of trials with details
- The role of the king, nobles, and bishops in lawmaking and enforcement
- Sanctuary
- Examples of how justice was administered in trial by ordeal and by jury trial
Tab 6
- How far did medieval murder change in the later middle ages
- Policing, crime, and courts/trials in a mediaeval village
- Details of crime and punishment in a mediaeval English village
- Description of the hue and cry, tithings
- History and examples of punishment in medieval justice
Tab 7
- Normans changing justice methods
- Tithings, courts, and the changing role of citizens in law enforcement
- Significant changes to methods of policing and law enforcement
- Forest laws
- Norman punishments
- Norman church courts
- Safe spaces/sanctuary
- Changes to justice and laws for women
Tab 8
- Role of the church and religion in crime and punishment (influence on individuals)
- Public executions, how did they change over the time period, what were people's views, and why people didn't think they were effective
- The impact of the Catholic Church
- Methods of finding a witch during the witch craze
- The witch hunt and Matthew Hopkins
- Public executions, their role and importance in the past
Tab 9
- Religious and social changes affecting crime and punishment between 1500 and 1700
- Examples of social changes including attitudes to climate change and race issues, religious changes
- People's uncertainty about their faith
- The increase or decrease in crime due to increased population
- The role of the printing press and how society's perception was affected
- The impact of social changes on laws and punishments
Tab 10
- The Bloody Code - was it too harsh for the time period?
- What were the main crimes punishable by death?
- Who is likely to be affected by the law?
- Were there problems with the court system?
- What is Pious Perjury?
- Why was the Bloody Code introduced?
- Reasons for the changes in the Bloody Code
- The reasons for the decline of the bloody code
Tab 11
- Why did policing and law enforcement change in 1700-1900?
- Factors for change in policing and law enforcement (lack of funding, trust issues, untrained enforcement officers, thief takers - corruption)
- New policing methods
- Changes to the role of citizens in policing
- How did the policing and law enforcement develop after the Metropolitan Police Act in 1829?
Tab 12
- Why was highway robbery a short-lived crime?
- Changes in lifestyle and technology
- Factors that influenced the end of highway robbery
Tab 13
- The reasons for the changes in the punishment system between 1700 and 1900
- The important roles of people in the evolution of the prisons
- What factors led to the abolishment of the Bloody Code in the 1820s and 1830s?
- Changes in attitudes towards punishment
- Increasing influence of religion on social reform
- The increased reliance on imprisonment
Tab 14
- Why were the Tolpuddle Martyrs punished so harshly?
- The industrial revolution and social changes that led to the punishment of individuals
- The context of the time period in which the tolpuddle martyrs were punished
- The Tolpuddle Martyrs protest regarding unfair wages and poor conditions
Tab 15
- Transportation to Australia as a punishment and its decline
- Reasons for the end of transportation, the costs involved, views of the settlers, and lack of deterrence
Tab 16
- Role of key figures (John Howard, Elizabeth Fry) in changing views of punishment.
- Details of their work and its impact on prison reforms, including health, sanitation, living conditions, wages for gaolers, and immediate release of prisoners
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