WTO and Global Economic Shifts

<p>The proposed agenda did not adequately address the concerns of developing countries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capital-intensive industries, such as manufacturing and technology. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The protection of industries where industrialized countries were uncompetitive. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NGOs are increasingly using public pressure to influence WTO negotiations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has created a more complex and diverse landscape for decision-making within the WTO. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exploring areas of agreement and disagreement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deeper liberalization of agriculture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negotiations on the Singapore issues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To bridge the gap concerning agriculture and the Singapore issues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Independently investigates disputes and enforces compliance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The distribution of power in the international system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fluctuations in international trade system openness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alteration of the offending policy or compensation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To bear the cost of creating international trade rules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It disappears largely due to the hegemon's contributions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nineteenth century dominated by British hegemony (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is characterized by a lack of hegemonic leadership (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was the primary leader in creating the GATT and fostering trade talks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It created an open, liberal, and stable global economy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are difficult to deny to governments once established (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The willingness to maintain trade rules decreases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prioritize consumer and environmental protection interests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Members eliminate tariffs on trades among themselves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intergovernmental Bargaining (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They pose a challenge by offering discriminatory trade practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduce government-imposed barriers to market access (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It establishes a common tariff for non-member goods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It establishes the agenda for negotiations and sets a target date for their conclusion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It lacks representation of consumer interests in its decision-making (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All member countries must agree to all aspects of the agreement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced global competition among national producers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growing opposition to perceived constraints by WTO regulations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trade and Investment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shows which issues would be negotiated and which would not be in the rounds that followed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each country retained independent tariffs on non-member goods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taxes on imported goods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pursue meaningful liberalization of trade in agricultural products. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may undermine nondiscriminatory trade encouraged by the WTO. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50 percent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Establishment of the European Economic Community (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Second wave (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1992-1996 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By fostering Franco-German political reconciliation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To foster deeper economic cooperation within regions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>12 percent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary decision-making process in WTO for negotiating trade agreements.

To reduce or eliminate policies that restrict cross-border trade.

Taxes imposed by governments on foreign goods entering the country.

Regulations other than tariffs that restrict trade, like safety standards.

The highest level of WTO decision-making that occurs every few years.

A series of negotiations aimed at liberalizing trade across sectors like agriculture and services.

Topics like trade and investment negotiations deferred by WTO members in Doha.

The agreement that all parts of the negotiation must be accepted as a whole.

A set of negotiations aimed at addressing trade issues between developed and developing countries.

Challenges faced in the Doha Agenda, primarily agriculture liberalization and new negotiations.

Requests from developing nations for greater agricultural liberalization.

The European Union's push to initiate discussions on new trade topics in 2004.

A system ensuring compliance with trade rules by resolving disputes among governments.

Requirement for countries to follow established trade rules post-dispute.

The concept that international trade systems' stability is influenced by the distribution of global power.

Shared benefits or services in the trade system, supported by hegemonic power.

The practice of benefiting from resources or services without paying for them.

The World Trade Organization provides benefits that can be undermined by free riding.

A dominant country that generates a large share of global output and technology.

The benefits provided by institutions that require contributions from all members.

A period when a hegemon facilitates rapid growth of global trade.

A phase where no single country leads, causing instability in global trade.

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, created under U.S. hegemony to promote international trade.

The dominant influence of the US in global affairs post-WWI.

By the end of WWII, the US produced nearly half of global goods.

Economic downturn that led to protectionist trade blocs.

International body managing trade agreements and negotiations.

Alliance of countries like Brazil, China, and India in the WTO.

Failed WTO talks primarily due to focus on US and EU issues.

The process of reducing trade barriers in agricultural sectors.

Set of topics and issues agreed upon for trade discussions.

Nongovernmental organizations aiming to influence policies.

International regulations that influence global trade dynamics.

Concerns related to the protection of buyers and public health.

Trade agreements between countries in the same region with preferential access.

A region where tariffs are eliminated among member countries but maintained for outsiders.

A trade agreement where members eliminate tariffs on each other's goods and set a common external tariff.

Concerns favoring businesses and trade producers in policy-making.

Organizations representing public interests, often critical of trade policies.

Trade agreements between two or more countries that reduce or eliminate tariffs and trade barriers.

RTAs provide tariff-free access to some countries, creating trade discrimination.

An international organization that regulates trade and encourages nondiscriminatory policies.

Early RTAs from the 1950s to mid-1970s aimed at economic cooperation and peace.

An agreement formed in 1958 promoting economic integration among European countries.

Emerging RTAs post-1990s due to political changes in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union.

Moldova formed agreements with eight ex-Soviet countries between 1992 and 1996.

Agreements between Eastern and Central European countries and the EU from 1991-1997.