Writing in the Humanities

• Writing in the humanities involves analyzing skills, abilities, and interests
• There is a Dyad Activity to find a partner and examine the given text, then answer the questions in the table and present your answers in class

Humanities Definition

• A collective term for the arts, languages, and philosophies
• Involves literature, music, film, and history

Purposes of Humanities

• To mediate objects of human culture for its audience
• To convince or persuade

Characteristics of Humanities-Related Text

• It contains topics or claims that are debatable
• It may cause counterarguments
• It uses abstract nouns and less specific word choice
• It may have both denotations and connotations
• It uses first-person and/or third-person pronouns

Common Writings in the Humanities: Critique

• Contains a writer's opinion of the quality of any piece of writing or work of art
• Contains an in-depth analysis of a work or theory
• Often written by subject-matter experts, also known as critics, of the relevant field
• May analyze works technically, scientifically, or academically

Common Writings in the Humanities: Review

• Written by reviewers who are not considered experts
• Assesses a particular work, such as a movie, book, or music
• Conveys a reviewer's opinion on the subject, which means reviews are not considered as reliable as critiques
• It does not entail as much analysis as a critique
• Contains general information, overall impressions, or personal opinions of the reviewer

Learning Objectives

• Explain how one's purpose is a crucial consideration in academic and professional writing (EN11/12RWS-IVdg-11).
• Identify the unique features of and requirements in composing texts that are useful across disciplines (EN11/12RWS-IVdg-12).
• Apply citation guidelines in writing

Citation Definition

• The quoting of a passage, book, or author as evidence for or justification of an argument or statement
• Acknowledges other authors' or scholars' work and fortifies the validity of your own ideas or content

Citation Guides

• Carefully crafted formats that are used to acknowledge sources of information
• Styles vary depending on the prescribed guide by the university or the field of study
• Two common styles are American Psychological Association (APA) and Modern Language Association (MLA)

Element of Citation

• Author's name
• Title of work (book, article, etc.)
• Year of publication
• Page number(s)
• Volume or issue number(s) or edition(s)

Basic Steps of Citation

• Determine the type of source.
• Identify the structure for the source and key in the source's information.
• Add the source to the reference list.
• Add the in-text citation.

In-Text Citations

• Also called parenthetical citations
• When a writer uses a phrase or paragraph from another source, he or she encloses the verbatim piece in quotation marks or paraphrases it and cites the source by placing the information inside the parentheses
• The source of information provided in an in-text citation should correspond to the reference list

Formatting In-Text Citations: Short Quotations

• Usually fewer than 40 words
• Either paraphrased or enclosed in quotation marks

Formatting In-Text Citations: APA Format

• Begin with the author's last name
• Then the year of publication of the work
• Present the quoted or paraphrased material and include the page where it can be found
• The paraphrased or quoted material can be presented first
• Followed by the information about the source: last name of the author, year of publication, the page numbers, all enclosed in parentheses
• Example: Sanchez (2017), “Sustainability needs to be a concern not just of environmentalists but of everyone, particularly companies" (p. 3).
• Example: "Sustainability needs to be a concern not just of environmentalists but of everyone, particularly companies" (Sanchez, 2017, p. 3).

Formatting In-Text Citations: MLA Format

• Follows an author-page structure
• The author's last name is presented first, then page number(s)
• Author-page structure works two ways
• Mention the author's name within the sentence along with the quoted line
• Indicate the page number(s) in a parenthesis after closing quotation mark
• The quoted line goes first
• Then the author and page number are indicated in a parenthesis and placed after the closing quotation mark
• Example: According to Sanchez, “Sustainability needs to be a concern not just of environmentalists but of everyone, particularly companies” (3).
• Example: “Sustainability needs to be a concern not just of environmentalists but of everyone, particularly companies” (Sanchez 3).
• Example: "The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams" (Gandhi 12)
• Example: "The only way to do great work is to love what you do" (Jobs 23).

Formatting In-Text Citations: Long Quotations

• Contains at least 40 words
• Also called a block quotation
• Set apart from the main text

Formatting In-Text Citations (Long): APA Format

• Introduce the author's last name first and then indicate the year of publication enclosed in parentheses
• Present the passage without quotation marks
• Place the page number(s) enclosed in parentheses after the period
• Indent the block quotation a half inch from the left margin

Formatting In-Text Citations (Long): MLA Format

• Set the quote in a block quotation if it is more than four lines long for prose, three lines for poetry, or two paragraphs long
• The writer may add introductory sentences that include the author's last name or the author's last name and page number
• Enclose them in parentheses

Reference List

• Usually found in the last section of a published material
• Where the sources of information are completely cited

Formatting a Reference List: Books (APA)

• Indicate the author's last name first and then the initial of his or her first name
• Place the year of publication and enclose it in parentheses
• Set the work's title in italics
• Include its publisher
• Example: Uy, K. (2012). The Otherworldly. Kalayaan Books.

Formatting a Reference List: Books (MLA)

• Introduce the author's last name and first name
• Set the title of the work in italics
• Indicate the publisher and the year the work was published
• Example: Uy, Katrina. The Otherworldly. Kalayaan Books, 2012.

Formatting a Reference List: Book with Two Authors (APA)

• Indicate the authors' last names first and then the initial of their first names
• Arrange them in an alphabetical order
• Place the year of publication and enclose it in parentheses
• Set the title of the work in italics
• Include its publisher
• Use of the hanging indent, which means that every additional line should be indented half an inch to the right of the left margin
• Example: Uy, K. & Zafra, M. (2010). The Sad Ones. Kalayaan Books.

Formatting a Reference List: Book with Two Authors (MLA)

• Introduce the first author's last name and first name and then the second author's first and last names
• List them in the same order that their names appeared on the book's title page
• Set the title of the work in italics
• Indicate the publisher and the year the work was published
• MLA uses the hanging indent as well
• Example: Uy, Katrina, and Madeleine Zafra. The Sad Ones. Kalayaan Books, 2010.

Formatting a Reference List: Journals (APA)

• Indicate the author's last name and the initial of the first name
• Enclose the issue date in parentheses by stating the year first followed by the month and the day Specify the title of the article in sentence case, followed by the title of the periodical
• Set the title of the periodical in italics and include the volume, issue (in parenthesis), and page range
• Example: Villanueva, R. (2000). Sense and sustainability. The Earth Chronicles, 10(3), 10–11.

Formatting a Reference List: Journals (MLA)

• State the name of the author and the article's title as you normally would
• Italicize the title of the journal
• Cite the volume number ("vol.”) and issue number ("no.”) when possible, separated by commas
• Finally, add the year and page numbers
• Example: Villanueva, Rochelle. "Sense and sustainability." The Earth Chronicles, vol. 10, no. 3, 2000, pp. 10–11.

Formatting a Reference List: Magazines (APA)

• Indicate the author's last name and the initial of the first name
• Enclose the issue date in parentheses by stating the year first followed by the month and the day
• Specify the title of the article in sentence case, followed by the title of the periodical
• Set the title of the periodical in italics and include the issue number and page range
• Example: Lopez, B. (2003). Fashion in the 2000s. The Stylish Woman, 128, 6–7.

Formatting a Reference List: Magazines (MLA)

• Cite the article's author
• Enclose the title of the article in quotation marks, then italicize the title of the magazine
• State the date of publication
• Remember to abbreviate the month
• Example: Lopez, Blaire. "Fashion in the 2000s." The Stylish Woman, Nov. 2003, pp. 6-7.

Formatting a Reference List: Electronic Sources (APA)

• Indicate the author's last name and initials of the first and middle names
• Provide the year of publication Set the title of the work in italics, then state the publisher.
• Provide the URL or DOI address or the download host
• Example: Baldwin, J. (1896). Fifty Famous Stories Retold. American Book Company. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/18442/18442-h/18442-h.htm

Formatting a Reference List: Electronic Sources (MLA)

• E-book citations are similar to those for physical books
• Cite that the book is an e-book by putting the term "E-book" after the title of the book
• Indicate the publisher and the year the book was published
• Example: Baldwin, James. Fifty Famous Stories Retold. E-book, American Book Company, 1896.

Periodicals

• Provide the author's last name and initials of first and middle names
• Enclose the issue date in parentheses, using the format "year, month day."
• Specify the title of the article and then set the title of the periodical in italics
• State the URL
• Example: Cabalza, D. (2019, September 27). 24-km crawl on SLEx adds to agony of Metro commute. Inquirer.net. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1170156/24-km-crawl-on-slex-adds-to-agony-of-metro-commute

Periodicals - MLA Format:

• Provide the author's last and first names
• Enclose the title of the article in quotation marks
• Set the title of the periodical in italics and then indicate the issue date by following this format: -day, abbreviated name of the month, year
• Indicate the URL address
• Include the term "Accessed" and then the date: day, abbreviated month, year
• Example: Cabalza, Dexter. "24-km crawl on SLEx adds to agony of Metro commute." Inquirer.net, 27 Sept. 2019, https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1170156/24-km-crawl-on-slex-adds-to-agony-of-metro-commute. Accessed 27 Sept. 2019.

PERFORMANCE TASK NO. 2

• Divide the class into 7/8 groups
• Do the following:
  • 1. Resume
  • 2. Letter of Application
  • 3. Review Paper (An Analysis of "A Respectable Woman”: Interweaving the Feminist and Moralist Approaches)
  • 4. Table showing the correct format of APA/ MLA Citation -Provide an example for each reference list
• Strictly follow the given format:
  • Font size: 12
  • Font style: Times New Roman
  • Paper size: Short bond paper