Writing Competences Session 7

Questions and Answers

What type of writing is concerned with communication with others?

official/public writing

study writing

creative writing

social writing (correct)

What is the primary goal of 'playful writing' in English classes?

to enhance students' vocabulary

to reduce students' anxiety

to improve students' grammar

to develop students' creative skills (correct)

What kind of writing is typically done in institutional settings?

official/public writing (correct)

creative writing

personal writing

study writing

What is a key implication for teaching writing?

orienting towards everyday writing Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of 'real-life' writing?

it involves communication with others Signup and view all the answers

What is a discrepancy in writing highlighted in the content?

writing to or for the teacher vs. writing to communicate with others Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the process-based approach to developing writing competence?

The steps involved in creating a good text Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following writing strategies is NOT mentioned in the content?

Proofreading Signup and view all the answers

What is the key concern of the process-based approach to developing writing competence?

How do writers create good texts? Signup and view all the answers

What type of writing involves the written transfer of a particular source text into a shared language?

Written mediation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the approaches to developing writing competence?

Product-based approach focuses on the final product, while process-based approach focuses on the steps involved Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a type of competence needed for teaching writing?

Musical competence Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Genre/Text-based Approach to writing?

The product of writing, specifically the formal surface elements and discourse structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of revising and editing in the writing process?

To examine the content, style, and language of the text Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of the Genre/Text-based Approach when working with standardised texts?

Determining what makes a good text in a specific genre Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of using wh-questions in the planning stage of writing?

To structure and organize the writer's thoughts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of drafting in the writing process?

To get ideas into a linear order and experiment with different drafts Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of planning or pre-writing in the writing process?

To generate ideas and prepare for writing Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary goal of the declarative knowledge approach in writing instruction?

To develop learners' awareness of discourse organisation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key feature of the creative approach to writing instruction?

Use of improvisation and open tasks Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of mediation in communication?

To transfer relevant information between individuals with no common language Signup and view all the answers

In the context of writing instruction, what is the purpose of building awareness of discourse organisation?

To enable learners to apply criteria of an effective text Signup and view all the answers

What is a common starting point for the creative approach to writing instruction?

A particular genre of writing Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome of mediation in communication?

Addition of cultural information Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Different Kinds of Writing

Real-life writing includes social writing (emails, letters, invitation cards, text messages), personal writing (shopping lists, reminders, recipes, diaries, blogs), official/public writing (enquiries, complaints, forms, applications, exams), study writing (essays, term papers), institutional writing (agendas, minutes, CVs), and creative writing (stories, poems, songs)
In English classes, writing activities include copying, playful writing (hangman), filling in blanks, personal writing (portfolio), social writing (letter), official writing (complaint, CV), creative writing (speech bubbles, jokes, stories), dictations, summaries, and interpretations

Implications for Teaching Writing

Bring in motivation and feelings, and consider pragmatic aspects such as everyday writing, real audiences, and actual communication, as well as the use of technology
Use different forms of writing, including informative, emotive, argumentative, descriptive, reporting, justifying, taking a stand, and creative writing

Teaching Writing as a Competence

Competences needed include textual competence (knowledge of text types and genres, their inner structure, typical words and phrases), linguistic competence (vocabulary, semantics, syntax), rhetorical competence (style, metaphors, structure), writing strategies (brainstorming, drafting, organizing thoughts, editing), and motivation
Focus not only on the product but also on the process of writing, including planning, drafting, revising, and editing
Types of writing include written interaction (email, letter of complaint), written production (essay, analysis, story), and written mediation (written transfer of a particular source text into a shared language)

Approaches to Develop Writing Competence

Process-based Approach

Focus on the steps of writing, acknowledging that texts are created gradually from brainstorming ideas to final editing
Key concern is how writers create good texts, with a procedural aspect of writing
Method involves planning (generating ideas, structuring and selecting ideas, wh-questions), drafting (getting ideas into a linear order, considering the implied reader), and revising and editing (building on responses or assessments by peers or the teacher, considering content and style)

Genre/Text-based Approach

Focus on the product of writing by examining the formal surface elements and discourse structure of sample texts
Particularly effective when working with standardized texts (applications, newspaper articles, postcards)
Key concern is what makes a good text, with a declarative knowledge approach
Method involves helping students identify their writing needs, building awareness of discourse organization, developing crafting skills, and enabling students to apply criteria of an effective text

Creative Approach

Moves beyond purely utilitarian objectives of language use, stressing creativity, expressive writing, aesthetics, feeling for language, imagination, and experimentation
Important for learners to express personally relevant meanings, often using genre as a starting point
Method involves improvisation, feeling for language, fantasy, open tasks, and unconventional products

Mediation

Makes communication possible between persons who are unable to communicate with each other directly
Transferring information between individuals with no common language, using interpreting and communicating by paraphrasing the most relevant information for a particular audience
Potentially adding cultural information that not all participants in the conversation have

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Description

This quiz covers different kinds of writing in English, including real-life, personal, official, study, institutional, and creative writing. Test your understanding of various types of writing.