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Questions and Answers

What is the first step in writing and balancing chemical equations?

  • Adjusting the coefficients in front of each chemical formula.
  • Counting the atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.
  • Writing the skeleton equation without regard to the chemical formulas.
  • Listing the reactants and products with their correct chemical formulas. (correct)

In balancing chemical equations, which elements are typically balanced last?

  • Halogens because they often appear as diatomic molecules.
  • Metals like sodium and potassium because they are highly reactive.
  • Hydrogen and oxygen because they often appear in multiple compounds. (correct)
  • Carbon and nitrogen because they easily form complex bonds.

What does the law of conservation of atoms state regarding chemical reactions?

  • The volume of reactants must equal the volume of products.
  • The total number of molecules must remain the same.
  • The number of atoms of each element must remain constant. (correct)
  • The total charge of ions must change during the reaction.

What is the significance of balancing chemical equations?

<p>To adhere to the laws of conservation of mass and atoms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the balanced equation $2H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O$, how many grams of oxygen are required to react completely with 4 grams of hydrogen?

<p>32 grams (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the skeleton equation $N_2 + H_2 \rightarrow NH_3$, what are the coefficients needed to balance the equation?

<p>1, 3, 2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of coefficients in a balanced chemical equation?

<p>To show the mole ratios of reactants and products needed to conserve mass and atoms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When balancing equations involving polyatomic ions, how should they be treated?

<p>Balance the polyatomic ion as a single unit if it appears unchanged on both sides of the equation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a reaction where the molar mass of the reactants is slightly more than the molar mass of the products, which of the following could explain this discrepancy?

<p>A gaseous product was released and its mass was not accounted for. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the unbalanced equation $Fe + O_2 \rightarrow Fe_2O_3$, what is the sum of the smallest whole number coefficients in the balanced equation?

<p>9 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a direct implication of the law of conservation of mass in the context of chemical reactions?

<p>The volume of reactants must equal the volume of products at STP. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a scenario where a student balances a chemical equation but fails to account for an isotope of one of the elements, which has a significantly different mass. How does this affect the interpretation of the reaction in terms of conservation laws?

<p>Both the law of conservation of mass and the law of conservation of atoms are technically violated, although the impact may be negligible depending on the abundance of the isotope. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction $aC_3H_8 + bO_2 \rightarrow cCO_2 + dH_2O$, what is the value of $b$ when $a = 1$ and the equation is balanced with the smallest whole number coefficients?

<p>5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A student finds that after balancing a complex redox reaction, the sum of the coefficients on the reactant side is greater than the sum of the coefficients on the product side. Which conclusion is most likely correct?

<p>The student made a mistake in balancing the equation or in accounting for all species involved in the reaction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Imagine balancing a nuclear equation (not a chemical equation), where isotopes transform into other elements. Which of the conservation laws discussed would apply, and how?

<p>Both conservation laws apply, but conservation of mass must account for energy-mass equivalence ($E=mc^2$), and conservation of atoms is replaced by conservation of nucleons (protons and neutrons). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a chemical reaction, what distinguishes the 'reactants' from the 'products'?

<p>Reactants are the starting materials, while products are the substances formed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of balancing a chemical equation?

<p>To satisfy the law of conservation of mass and atoms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When balancing a chemical equation, what type of numbers are adjusted to equalize the count of atoms on both sides?

<p>Coefficients placed in front of chemical formulas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the law of conservation of atoms, which statement is always true in a balanced chemical reaction?

<p>The number of atoms of each element is the same in reactants and products. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the 'skeleton equation' in the context of chemical equations?

<p>An unbalanced equation that lists reactants and products using their chemical formulas. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider the incomplete combustion of methane represented by: $CH_4 + O_2 ightarrow CO + H_2O$. If you balance this equation, what coefficient will be in front of $O_2$?

<p>$ rac{3}{2}$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If 16 grams of methane ($CH_4$) reacts completely with oxygen according to the balanced equation $CH_4 + 2O_2 ightarrow CO_2 + 2H_2O$, how many grams of oxygen ($O_2$) are required?

<p>64 grams (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the balanced equation $2H_2 + O_2 ightarrow 2H_2O$, what does the coefficient '2' in front of $H_2$ and $H_2O$ signify?

<p>The molar ratio of hydrogen and water in the reaction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider the reaction: $C_6H_{12}O_6 ightarrow 2C_2H_5OH + 2CO_2$. What principle is demonstrated by the fact that the total mass of $C_6H_{12}O_6$ equals the total mass of $2C_2H_5OH$ and $2CO_2$?

<p>Law of conservation of mass (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct interpretation of the balanced equation $N_2(g) + 3H_2(g) ightarrow 2NH_3(g)$ in terms of molar ratios?

<p>1 mole of nitrogen reacts with 3 moles of hydrogen to produce 2 moles of ammonia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it generally recommended to balance hydrogen and oxygen atoms last when balancing chemical equations?

<p>Hydrogen and oxygen often appear in multiple compounds in a reaction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a scenario where a student incorrectly balances an equation and obtains unequal numbers of atoms on both sides, which conservation law is directly violated?

<p>Law of conservation of atoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider the unbalanced equation for the combustion of propane: $C_3H_8 + O_2 ightarrow CO_2 + H_2O$. If you were to balance this equation using smallest whole number coefficients, what would be the coefficient for water ($H_2O$)?

<p>4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the reaction $2KClO_3(s) ightarrow 2KCl(s) + 3O_2(g)$, if 245 grams of $KClO_3$ completely decompose, and you collect 96 grams of $O_2$, what mass of $KCl$ should theoretically be formed according to the law of conservation of mass?

<p>149 grams (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Imagine a hypothetical scenario where, during a nuclear reaction (not a chemical reaction), isotopes are transformed, potentially altering the total number of protons and neutrons, but the total mass-energy is conserved. Which aspect related to 'balancing chemical equations' is most directly analogous in this nuclear context?

<p>The concept that the total mass number and atomic number are conserved in nuclear reactions, analogous to conserving atom types in chemical reactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for balancing chemical equations?

<p>To satisfy the law of conservation of mass and atoms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the skeleton equation $H_2 + Cl_2 ightarrow HCl$, which of the following is true before balancing?

<p>The number of atoms of each element is not equal on both sides. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When balancing a chemical equation, what is it permissible to adjust?

<p>The coefficients in front of the chemical formulas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider the unbalanced equation for the synthesis of water: $H_2 + O_2 ightarrow H_2O$. If you correctly balance this equation, what coefficient will precede $H_2O$?

<p>2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which law is directly demonstrated when we verify that the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products in a chemical reaction?

<p>Law of Conservation of Mass. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In balancing the equation for the combustion of propane ($C_3H_8 + O_2 ightarrow CO_2 + H_2O$), what is the correct coefficient for oxygen ($O_2$) in the balanced equation?

<p>5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If 44 grams of propane ($C_3H_8$) are combusted completely according to the balanced equation $C_3H_8 + 5O_2 ightarrow 3CO_2 + 4H_2O$, what mass of oxygen ($O_2$) is required for complete combustion? (Molar mass of $C_3H_8 = 44$ g/mol, $O_2 = 32$ g/mol)

<p>160 grams (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider the reaction: $Fe_2O_3 + CO ightarrow Fe + CO_2$. When balanced, what is the ratio of the coefficient of $CO$ to the coefficient of $Fe$?

<p>3:2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a balanced chemical equation, if the sum of the coefficients of the reactants is less than the sum of the coefficients of the products, what can be generally inferred about the reaction?

<p>The reaction involves decomposition or breaking down of molecules. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is NOT a direct consequence of the law of conservation of atoms in chemical reactions?

<p>The mass of individual atoms may change slightly due to energy changes in the reaction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the unbalanced equation $C_4H_{10} + O_2 ightarrow CO_2 + H_2O$, what is the sum of the smallest whole number coefficients when the equation is balanced?

<p>39 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction $2Al + 3CuSO_4 ightarrow Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3Cu$, what does the coefficient '3' in front of $CuSO_4$ and $Cu$ represent?

<p>The molar ratio of reactants and products in the reaction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it generally advisable to balance hydrogen and oxygen atoms last when balancing chemical equations?

<p>Hydrogen and oxygen often appear in multiple compounds in the reaction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a student balances a chemical equation and finds that the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides, which conservation law is guaranteed to be satisfied?

<p>Law of Conservation of Atoms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a hypothetical reaction $X_2 + 3Y_2 ightarrow 2XY_3$. If the molar mass of $X_2$ is 28 g/mol and $Y_2$ is 2 g/mol, what mass of $XY_3$ would be formed if 28g of $X_2$ and 6g of $Y_2$ react completely, according to the law of conservation of mass?

<p>34 grams (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of balancing chemical equations, what is the significance of ensuring that both sides of the equation have the same total charge in reactions involving ionic species?

<p>It is necessary to maintain electrical neutrality, reflecting conservation of charge. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Reactants

Starting substances that react in a chemical reaction.

Products

Substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction.

Skeleton Equation

A chemical equation that shows the reactants and products but is not balanced.

Coefficients

Numbers placed before chemical formulas in an equation to balance the number of atoms.

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Law of Conservation of Atoms

The number of atoms of each element remains the same before and after a chemical reaction.

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Law of Conservation of Mass

The total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products in a chemical reaction.

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Relative Atomic Mass (Ar)

The weighted average mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12th the mass of carbon-12.

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Chemical Equation

A representation of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas and symbols.

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Balancing Equations

Ensuring the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation.

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Balanced Chemical Equation

A representation of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas and symbols, ensuring the number of atoms and total charge are balanced on both sides.

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Write Skeleton Equation

List reactants and products with correct chemical formulas but unbalanced.

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Adjusting Coefficients

Using coefficients to ensure that the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the equation.

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Check Equation Work

Verifying that each element has the same number of atoms on both sides and that the total charges are balanced for ionic reactions.

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Conserved Atoms

The principle that the total number of atoms of each element remains constant during a chemical reaction.

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Skeleton Equation Step

The starting point for balancing equations; list the reactants and products with their correct formulas.

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Achieving a Balanced Equation

Ensuring that the total number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the chemical equation.

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Balancing Strategy

Start with elements appearing in only one reactant and one product, and balance hydrogen and oxygen last.

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Verification Step

Make sure the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the equation and, for ionic compounds, that the total charge is equal.

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Importance of Balancing

Ensures the number of atoms of each element is the same before and after a chemical reaction.

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Mass Conservation Concept

Since atoms are neither created nor destroyed, the mass of the atoms before the reaction must equal the mass of the atoms after the reaction.

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Checking Mass Balance

Using relative atomic masses, calculate and compare the total masses of reactants and products to confirm they are equal.

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Study Notes

Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations

  • Writing and balancing chemical equations involves a step-by-step process
  • Ensures the law of conservation of mass and the law of conservation of atoms are respected
  • Reactants are the starting substances in a chemical reaction
  • Products are the substances formed as a result of the reaction
  • A skeleton equation lists the reactants and products with their correct chemical formulas

Steps for Balancing Equations

  • Count the atoms of each element on both sides of the skeleton equation
  • Adjust the coefficients (numbers before the chemical formulas) to balance the number of atoms of each element
  • Start with elements that appear in only one reactant and one product
  • Balance hydrogen and oxygen last, as they are often found in multiple compounds
  • Ensure the total charge on both sides is equal in ionic compounds
  • Verify that each element has the same number of atoms on both sides of the equation
  • Check that the total charges on both sides of the equation are balanced for ionic reactions

Conservation Laws

  • Balanced chemical equations must adhere to conservation laws
  • The law of conservation of atoms dictates that the total number of atoms of each element remains the same before and after a chemical reaction

Conservation of Mass

  • The law of conservation of mass states that the total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products
  • The mass of the atoms before the reaction must equal the mass of the atoms after the reaction to adhere to the law of conservation of mass

Relative Atomic Masses

  • Relative Atomic Mass (Ar) is the weighted average mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12th the mass of carbon-12
  • By calculating the total mass of the atoms in both the reactants and products using atomic masses, it can be confirmed that the mass remains the same

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