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Questions and Answers
What percentage of the body weight does the skin account for?
What percentage of the body weight does the skin account for?
What is the function of the skin related to temperature?
What is the function of the skin related to temperature?
Where is the mucocutaneous junction seen?
Where is the mucocutaneous junction seen?
What is the middle layer of the skin?
What is the middle layer of the skin?
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What is the function of Meissner's corpuscles in the skin?
What is the function of Meissner's corpuscles in the skin?
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What is the outermost layer of the skin?
What is the outermost layer of the skin?
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What percentage of epithelial cells in the epidermis are Keratinocytes?
What percentage of epithelial cells in the epidermis are Keratinocytes?
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What type of epithelium lines the skin?
What type of epithelium lines the skin?
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What is the function of Merkel cells in the epidermis?
What is the function of Merkel cells in the epidermis?
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What is the outermost layer of the epidermis?
What is the outermost layer of the epidermis?
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What is the name of the protein produced by keratinocytes?
What is the name of the protein produced by keratinocytes?
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What is the function of keratohyaline granules?
What is the function of keratohyaline granules?
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What is the name of the layer that contains desmosomes?
What is the name of the layer that contains desmosomes?
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In which layer are cells flat and have lost their cellular details?
In which layer are cells flat and have lost their cellular details?
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Study Notes
WPS Office Overview
- WPS Office is a complete office suite that includes a PDF editor
- It offers a desktop application for both Mac and PC users
- Users can download WPS Office from the official website: https://www.wps.com/d/?from=ios
Skin Structure and Function
- Skin is the largest organ in the body, weighing about 16% of the body weight and covering an area of 22 square feet.
- It is continuous with the mucous membrane at the mucocutaneous junction, seen at the orifices of the body, such as lips, anus, and eyelids.
- The skin shows regional variations, being thin in the eyelids and thick in palms, soles, and scalp.
Types of Skin
- There are two types of skin: thick skin and thin skin.
- Thick skin covers the back of the body, palms, and soles, and is hairless.
- Thin skin is present on the rest of the body and is hairy.
Functions of Skin
- Protective: protects from chemicals, ultraviolet rays, microorganisms, and injury, and acts as a barrier in preventing water absorption.
- Temperature Regulation: helps regulate body temperature.
- Sensory: perceives pain, temperature, touch, pressure, and vibration sensations.
- Excretory: excretes urea.
- Metabolic Function: performs metabolic functions.
- Sexual signaling: plays a role in sexual signaling.
Layers of Skin
- Epidermis: the surface layer of epithelium.
- Dermis: the middle connective tissue layer.
- Hypodermis: the deeper loose connective tissue layer.
Appendages of Skin
- Nails
- Hairs and hair follicles
- Sebaceous glands
- Sweat glands
Nerve Endings in Skin
- Free nerve endings
- Meissner’s corpuscles
- Ruffini’s corpuscles
- Pacinian corpuscles
Microscopic Structure of Skin
- Epidermis: the surface layer in contact with the external environment, lined by stratified squamous keratinized epithelium.
- Consists of epithelial cells arranged in two zones: germinative zone and horny zone.
- Epithelial cells produce keratin, which protects the skin.
Epithelial Cells
- The epithelium is stratified squamous keratinized type.
- Nearly 90% of epithelial cells in the epidermis are called keratinocytes.
- The arrangement of layers in the epithelium includes:
- Stratum basale/basal layer: consists of a single layer of cuboidal or low columnar cells with oblong, dark heterochromatic nuclei.
- Stratum spinosum/prickle cell layer: contains several layers of polyhedral cells with pale staining euchromatic nuclei.
- Stratum granulosum/granular layer: consists of two or three layers of fusiform cells, which contains numerous granules.
- Stratum Lucidum/clear layer: an amorphous homogenous layer seen in thick skin only.
- Stratum corneum/keratin layer: more prominent in palms and soles, consists of several layers of horny epithelial cells.
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Learn about WPS Office, a complete office suite with PDF editor, and its features for Mac and PC. Get familiar with its capabilities and download options.
