Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one of the prominent manifestations of the acute-phase response?
What is one of the prominent manifestations of the acute-phase response?
- Skin rashes
- Decreased heart rate
- Leukocytosis (correct)
- Hypoglycemia
What temperature increase is typically observed during a fever associated with the acute-phase response?
What temperature increase is typically observed during a fever associated with the acute-phase response?
- 3°C to 5°C
- 1°C to 4°C (correct)
- 2°C to 3°C
- 0°C to 2°C
Which of the following represents a common acute-phase protein response?
Which of the following represents a common acute-phase protein response?
- Decreased body temperature
- Increased levels of acute phase proteins (correct)
- Increased insulin levels
- Decreased cholesterol levels
Fever can often occur in response to which condition?
Fever can often occur in response to which condition?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fever during the acute-phase response?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fever during the acute-phase response?
What is the normal range for white blood cell count?
What is the normal range for white blood cell count?
What is the primary cause of leukocytosis during bacterial infections?
What is the primary cause of leukocytosis during bacterial infections?
Which type of white blood cell increase is most commonly associated with bacterial infections?
Which type of white blood cell increase is most commonly associated with bacterial infections?
Which condition is described as a WBC count that may reach 40000 or 100000 cells per microliter?
Which condition is described as a WBC count that may reach 40000 or 100000 cells per microliter?
Which type of infections is associated with an increase in lymphocytes?
Which type of infections is associated with an increase in lymphocytes?
What type of wound healing occurs with a clean, uninfected wound and limited tissue loss?
What type of wound healing occurs with a clean, uninfected wound and limited tissue loss?
Which of the following best describes healing by first intention?
Which of the following best describes healing by first intention?
In which situation would healing by second intention most likely occur?
In which situation would healing by second intention most likely occur?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of healing by first intention?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of healing by first intention?
Healing by first intention is typically quicker than which type of healing?
Healing by first intention is typically quicker than which type of healing?
What is an outcome of second intention healing compared to first intention healing?
What is an outcome of second intention healing compared to first intention healing?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of wounds healing by second intention?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of wounds healing by second intention?
What role do myofibroblasts play in the healing process of wounds by second intention?
What role do myofibroblasts play in the healing process of wounds by second intention?
How long after injury may contraction phenomena occur in wounds healing by second intention?
How long after injury may contraction phenomena occur in wounds healing by second intention?
What is one of the primary differences between first and second intention healing?
What is one of the primary differences between first and second intention healing?
What are hematopoietic cells primarily responsible for in the body?
What are hematopoietic cells primarily responsible for in the body?
Which of the following describes stable cells?
Which of the following describes stable cells?
Where are surface epithelia found in the body?
Where are surface epithelia found in the body?
What is the normal replicative capacity of stable cells?
What is the normal replicative capacity of stable cells?
What phase of the cell cycle do stable cells predominantly reside in?
What phase of the cell cycle do stable cells predominantly reside in?
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Study Notes
Wound Healing Overview
- Two main types of wound healing: healing by first intention (primary union) and healing by second intention.
Healing by First Intention (Primary Union)
- Occurs in clean, uninfected wounds with minimal tissue loss, such as surgical incisions.
- Characterized by faster recovery and lower inflammation compared to second intention.
Acute Phase Response
- Accompanied by an increase in acute phase proteins during the healing process.
- Is indicated by the manifestations of fever and leukocytosis.
Leukocytosis
- Defined as an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count; normal range: 4,000–11,000 cells per microliter.
- High WBC counts in inflammation can reach 15,000–20,000 cells per microliter; can escalate to 40,000 or 100,000 cells per microliter in severe infections (leukemoid reaction).
- Leukemoid reaction must be differentiated from leukemia due to similar white cell counts.
- Caused by increased release of WBCs from bone marrow in response to cytokines like IL-1 and TNF.
Inflammatory Responses by Infection Type
- Bacterial infections typically induce neutrophilia (increased neutrophils).
- Viral infections tend to be associated with lymphocytosis (increased lymphocytes).
- Parasitic infections can lead to eosinophilia (increased eosinophils).
- Certain infections (e.g., typhoid, tuberculosis) may cause leucopenia (decreased WBC).
Healing by Second Intention
- Involves more extensive inflammation and tissue loss compared to first intention.
- Results in increased granulation tissue and inflammation.
- Contraction occurs within six weeks as myofibroblasts reduce wound size.
Cell Types in Wound Healing
- Stable cells are quiescent in the G0 phase of the cell cycle and exhibit minimal division under normal conditions.
- They have the capability for rapid division when responding to injury, aiding in wound healing.
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