World War II Causes - Chapter 25 Review

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Questions and Answers

How did conditions in Germany help set the stage for another world war?

Humiliated by the dictated peace at Versailles and burdened by heavy reparations, many Germans resented the Allies' treatment of their country and longed for revenge.

Who organized the Fascist Party and became dictator of Italy in 1922?

Benito Mussolini

When did Adolf Hitler come to power in Germany? What is the full name of his Nazi Party? What title did Hitler claim for himself after assuming total power?

1933; National Socialist German Workers Party; Der Führer

What was Hitler's most nefarious scheme? Briefly describe how this scheme was put into action in Germany.

Mein Kampf; he believed in Darwinism, so he annihilated everyone that wasn't German. Signup and view all the answers

Who led the militarists in Japan? What was their motivation for expansion?

General Hideki Tojo; they thought they were under divine protection and couldn't be defeated. Signup and view all the answers

Who was the Nationalist Chinese leader? Who was the communist leader in China? Name the group of volunteer American squadrons that helped the Chinese against the Japanese. Who led it?

Chiang Kai-shek; Mao Tse-tung; Flying Tigers led by Claire Chennault Signup and view all the answers

What African country did Mussolini's forces invade in 1935? What was the response of the League of Nations?

Ethiopia; the League of Nations did nothing more than vote economic sanctions against Italy. Signup and view all the answers

How did Hitler violate the Treaty of Versailles?

He violated it by sending troops into the demilitarized zone called the Rhineland. Signup and view all the answers

What alliance was formed among Germany, Italy, and Japan in 1940? By what name were these countries called?

Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis; Axis Powers. Signup and view all the answers

What agreement dismembered Czechoslovakia and gave the Sudetenland to Germany? Who represented Britain and France when this agreement was made? How did Hitler violate this agreement?

Munich Pact; Neville Chamberlain and Édouard Daladier; Hitler violated the pact by occupying the rest of Czechoslovakia and seizing the territory of Memel from Lithuania. Signup and view all the answers

What country invaded Albania in 1939?

Italy Signup and view all the answers

On what date did the Nazis invade Poland? What was the French and British response?

Sept. 1, 1939; France and Britain declared war on Germany on Sept. 3, 1939. Signup and view all the answers

What is Fascism?

A form of socialism Signup and view all the answers

What is Nazism?

A form of socialism under a totalitarian leader Signup and view all the answers

What is Mein Kampf?

The book that Hitler wrote. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Third Reich?

The third empire intended to last a 'thousand years.' Signup and view all the answers

Who was Emperor Hirohito?

The overthrown emperor of Japan. Signup and view all the answers

What is Manchuria?

The place that Japan invaded to force a second world war. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Francisco Franco?

A Spanish general. Signup and view all the answers

What is Anschluss?

The forced union of Germany with Austria. Signup and view all the answers

What is Sudetenland?

A mountainous region. Signup and view all the answers

What is appeasement?

Giving in to the demands of another country. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Siegfried Line?

A defensive line opposed to the French. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Maginot Line?

The French line opposed to Germany. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Nazi-Soviet Pact?

A secret pact between Germany and the Soviet Union. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Effects of Treaty of Versailles

Germany faced humiliation and resentment from the Treaty of Versailles, resulting in a desire for revenge among its citizens.
Heavy reparations and a struggling economy, exacerbated by the Great Depression, contributed to social unrest.

Rise of Totalitarian Regimes

Benito Mussolini organized the Fascist Party and became Italy's dictator in 1922.
Adolf Hitler rose to power in Germany in 1933 as the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party), claiming the title "Der Führer."

Hitler's Ideology and Actions

Hitler's ideology was outlined in Mein Kampf, which promoted the extermination of non-Germans based on a distorted interpretation of Darwinism.
Violated the Treaty of Versailles by sending troops to the demilitarized Rhineland.

Japan's Militarism

General Hideki Tojo led Japan's military, driven by a belief in divine protection and expansionist ideology that sought to unify the world under Japanese rule.

Chinese Leadership and Support

Chiang Kai-shek was the Nationalist leader of China, while Mao Zedong led the Communist faction.
The "Flying Tigers," led by Claire Chennault, were American volunteer pilots helping China resist Japanese aggression.

International Responses

Mussolini invaded Ethiopia in 1935, with the League of Nations failing to take significant action beyond economic sanctions.
An alliance known as the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis formed in 1940 between Germany, Italy, and Japan, collectively referred to as the Axis Powers.

Expansion and Conflict

The Munich Pact allowed Hitler to annex the Sudetenland; British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and French Premier Édouard Daladier represented their countries in this agreement.
Hitler later violated the Munich Pact by occupying the remainder of Czechoslovakia and seizing territory from Lithuania.

Preludes to World War II

Italy invaded Albania in 1939, signaling aggressive expansion in Europe.
The Nazi invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, prompted France and Britain to declare war on Germany on September 3, 1939.

Fascism and Nazism

Fascism is defined as a form of socialism emphasizing authoritarian governance.
Nazism is a variant of fascism led by Adolf Hitler under a totalitarian regime.

Key Terms and Concepts

Mein Kampf: Hitler's autobiography outlining his political ideology and future plans for Germany.
Third Reich: Hitler's regime, regarded as a new empire meant to last "a thousand years."
Anschluss: The forced union between Germany and Austria.
Sudetenland: A mountainous region in Czechoslovakia that was ceded to Germany.
Appeasement: The strategy of conceding to the demands of aggressors to maintain peace.
Siegfried Line: German defenses opposite the French Maginot Line.

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Explore the factors in Germany that contributed to the outbreak of World War II through this flashcard review. Understand the impact of the Treaty of Versailles, economic struggles, and the rise of extremist political movements. Test your knowledge on key historical concepts and figures.