Questions and Answers
How did conditions in Germany help set the stage for another world war?
Humiliated by the dictated peace at Versailles and burdened by heavy reparations, many Germans resented the Allies' treatment of their country and longed for revenge.
Who organized the Fascist Party and became dictator of Italy in 1922?
Benito Mussolini
When did Adolf Hitler come to power in Germany? What is the full name of his Nazi Party? What title did Hitler claim for himself after assuming total power?
1933; National Socialist German Workers Party; Der Führer
What was Hitler's most nefarious scheme? Briefly describe how this scheme was put into action in Germany.
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Who led the militarists in Japan? What was their motivation for expansion?
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Who was the Nationalist Chinese leader? Who was the communist leader in China? Name the group of volunteer American squadrons that helped the Chinese against the Japanese. Who led it?
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What African country did Mussolini's forces invade in 1935? What was the response of the League of Nations?
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How did Hitler violate the Treaty of Versailles?
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What alliance was formed among Germany, Italy, and Japan in 1940? By what name were these countries called?
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What agreement dismembered Czechoslovakia and gave the Sudetenland to Germany? Who represented Britain and France when this agreement was made? How did Hitler violate this agreement?
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What country invaded Albania in 1939?
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On what date did the Nazis invade Poland? What was the French and British response?
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What is Fascism?
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What is Nazism?
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What is Mein Kampf?
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What was the Third Reich?
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Who was Emperor Hirohito?
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What is Manchuria?
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Who was Francisco Franco?
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What is Anschluss?
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What is Sudetenland?
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What is appeasement?
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What is the Siegfried Line?
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What is the Maginot Line?
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What was the Nazi-Soviet Pact?
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Study Notes
Effects of Treaty of Versailles
- Germany faced humiliation and resentment from the Treaty of Versailles, resulting in a desire for revenge among its citizens.
- Heavy reparations and a struggling economy, exacerbated by the Great Depression, contributed to social unrest.
Rise of Totalitarian Regimes
- Benito Mussolini organized the Fascist Party and became Italy's dictator in 1922.
- Adolf Hitler rose to power in Germany in 1933 as the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party), claiming the title "Der Führer."
Hitler's Ideology and Actions
- Hitler's ideology was outlined in Mein Kampf, which promoted the extermination of non-Germans based on a distorted interpretation of Darwinism.
- Violated the Treaty of Versailles by sending troops to the demilitarized Rhineland.
Japan's Militarism
- General Hideki Tojo led Japan's military, driven by a belief in divine protection and expansionist ideology that sought to unify the world under Japanese rule.
Chinese Leadership and Support
- Chiang Kai-shek was the Nationalist leader of China, while Mao Zedong led the Communist faction.
- The "Flying Tigers," led by Claire Chennault, were American volunteer pilots helping China resist Japanese aggression.
International Responses
- Mussolini invaded Ethiopia in 1935, with the League of Nations failing to take significant action beyond economic sanctions.
- An alliance known as the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis formed in 1940 between Germany, Italy, and Japan, collectively referred to as the Axis Powers.
Expansion and Conflict
- The Munich Pact allowed Hitler to annex the Sudetenland; British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and French Premier Édouard Daladier represented their countries in this agreement.
- Hitler later violated the Munich Pact by occupying the remainder of Czechoslovakia and seizing territory from Lithuania.
Preludes to World War II
- Italy invaded Albania in 1939, signaling aggressive expansion in Europe.
- The Nazi invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, prompted France and Britain to declare war on Germany on September 3, 1939.
Fascism and Nazism
- Fascism is defined as a form of socialism emphasizing authoritarian governance.
- Nazism is a variant of fascism led by Adolf Hitler under a totalitarian regime.
Key Terms and Concepts
- Mein Kampf: Hitler's autobiography outlining his political ideology and future plans for Germany.
- Third Reich: Hitler's regime, regarded as a new empire meant to last "a thousand years."
- Anschluss: The forced union between Germany and Austria.
- Sudetenland: A mountainous region in Czechoslovakia that was ceded to Germany.
- Appeasement: The strategy of conceding to the demands of aggressors to maintain peace.
- Siegfried Line: German defenses opposite the French Maginot Line.
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Description
Explore the factors in Germany that contributed to the outbreak of World War II through this flashcard review. Understand the impact of the Treaty of Versailles, economic struggles, and the rise of extremist political movements. Test your knowledge on key historical concepts and figures.