World War I Overview and Propaganda

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Questions and Answers

What was the main reason President Wilson won the 1916 election?

  • He promised to keep the United States out of the war. (correct)
  • He promised to end the war in Europe.
  • He was more popular than his Republican opponent.
  • He promised to increase American involvement in the war.

What was the "peace without victory" plan proposed by President Wilson?

  • A plan to divide Germany into smaller countries.
  • A plan to create a League of Nations to prevent future wars.
  • A plan to negotiate a peace settlement where neither side gained an advantage. (correct)
  • A plan to force Germany to pay reparations for the war.

What event ultimately led to the United States entering World War I?

  • The declaration of war by Great Britain on Germany.
  • The German invasion of Belgium.
  • The Zimmerman Telegram, which proposed an alliance between Germany and Mexico. (correct)
  • The sinking of the Lusitania by a German U-boat.

What was "armed neutrality"?

<p>A policy of defending American ships against attack while remaining technically neutral. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Sussex Pledge?

<p>A promise by Germany to stop targeting merchant ships with submarines. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did public opinion in the United States shift toward war in 1917?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what was President Wilson's main reason for deciding to go to war against Germany?

<p>He believed that German victory would threaten American democracy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Theodore Roosevelt support Charles Evans Hughes?

<p>He disagreed with Wilson's policy of neutrality. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the "watchwords" of conservation during World War I?

<p>They focused on reducing the consumption of specific materials like wheat, meat, and pork. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of "Hooverizing" during World War I?

<p>To ensure enough food supplies for both American and Allied forces. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the "farmerettes" contribute to the war effort?

<p>They provided assistance to farmers by performing tasks typically done by men. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the National War Labor Board during World War I?

<p>To resolve labor disputes and maintain industrial production. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the "Labor Will Win The War" slogan?

<p>It emphasized the role of workers in supporting the war effort. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization advocated sabotage and strikes during World War I, believing the war was fought for the benefit of big business?

<p>The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason why American employers looked to women to fill jobs during World War I?

<p>They were faced with a shortage of male workers due to military service. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the victory gardens that Herbert Hoover encouraged Americans to plant?

<p>To reduce reliance on imported food and conserve resources for the war effort. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term did doctors use to refer to German measles during the war?

<p>Liberty measles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of November 11, 1918, at 11 a.m.?

<p>The armistice was signed, ending the fighting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did soldiers feel immediately after hearing the news of the fighting stopping?

<p>Disbelief and confusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did General Pershing urge his troops to do as the German lines were weakening?

<p>Strike harder than ever (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many soldiers are reported to have died in the war, as mentioned in the context?

<p>8 million (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for soldiers to dig trenches during World War I?

<p>To avoid visibility and reduce casualties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best characterizes the state of fighting on the Western Front during trench warfare?

<p>The war on the Western Front turned into a bloody stalemate lasting nearly four years. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tactical approach did generals continue to use despite advancements in weaponry?

<p>Charging directly at enemy lines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the use of poison gas on the battlefield?

<p>It caused widespread fear and physical suffering among troops. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the weather conditions affect the soldiers living in the trenches?

<p>It contributed to their discomfort and lack of shelter. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What notable event occurred during the Battle of the Somme?

<p>2,000 pieces of artillery fired 2 million shells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary feeling of soldiers about their situation in the trenches?

<p>A sense of hopelessness about leaving alive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did technology play in the suffering of soldiers during World War I?

<p>It exacerbated the lethality of battlefield tactics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key event influenced Wilson's decision to ask Congress for a declaration of war in 1917?

<p>The overthrow of Czar Nicholas II (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase summarizes Wilson's rationale for engaging in World War I?

<p>To safeguard democracy worldwide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial impact of American troops on the morale of the Allies during World War I?

<p>They had little effect due to their limited numbers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the convoy system established by British and American warships?

<p>To transport soldiers and supplies safely across the Atlantic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did Congress vote to go to war, marking a significant shift in U.S. foreign policy?

<p>1917 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Battle of Caporetto significant for during the First World War?

<p>It resulted in a crushing defeat for Italy by Germany and Austria. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was General John J. Pershing's role in World War I upon arriving in France?

<p>He was the commander of the American Expeditionary Forces. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What statement reflects Wilson's views on U.S. neutrality during World War I?

<p>Neutrality is no longer feasible or desirable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between militarism and nationalism in Europe before World War I?

<p>Nationalism encouraged militarism by promoting the idea of a strong national defense. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the quote "all over before Christmas"?

<p>To highlight the widespread belief that the war would be short and decisive. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main reasons for the intense and prolonged nature of World War I?

<p>The widespread use of new and deadly weapons that led to high casualties. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the system of alliances in Europe before World War I contribute to the outbreak of the war?

<p>Alliances created a web of commitments that made it difficult for nations to stay neutral in a conflict. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for Austria-Hungary's declaration of war on Serbia?

<p>Austria-Hungary's belief that Serbia was responsible for the assassination of Franz Ferdinand. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a factor contributing to the outbreak of World War I?

<p>A widespread desire for peace and diplomacy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Austria-Hungary and Germany's alliance, known as the Triple Alliance, was a response to what?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the European powers hope to achieve through their military buildup?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Militarism

The belief in building up strong armed forces to prepare for war.

Triple Alliance

An alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed before WWI.

Triple Entente

The alliance of France, Russia, and Great Britain before WWI.

Conscription

Mandatory enlistment for military service.

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Franz Ferdinand

His assassination triggered World War I in 1914.

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Balkans

A region in Southeast Europe, sought after for power.

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Chain Reaction

A sequence of events where one incident leads to another, escalating conflict.

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Stalemate

A situation in war where neither side can gain an advantage.

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Battle of the Marne

A key battle where Allied forces pushed back German troops near Paris.

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Trench Warfare

A combat method where soldiers fight from deep trenches, resulting in a stalemate.

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General Ferdinand Foch

French general who advocated for soldiers to dig in during WWI.

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Casualties in WWI

A large number of deaths and injuries suffered by soldiers during battles.

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Machine Guns in WWI

Advanced weaponry that significantly increased the lethality of battles.

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Use of Poison Gas

A new and terrifying weapon used by Germans to break trench stalemates.

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The Battle of the Somme

An intense battle with massive artillery fire resulting in heavy casualties.

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1916 Election

The presidential election where Wilson campaigned on neutrality.

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Wilson's slogan

'He kept us out of war,' promoting neutrality.

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Peace without victory

Wilson's proposal for no territorial gains in peace negotiations.

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Unrestricted submarine warfare

German strategy to attack without warning, aimed at crippling British shipping.

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Zimmermann Note

A secret German proposal for Mexico to ally against the U.S.

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Armed neutrality

U.S. stance of preparedness without entering war, arming merchant ships.

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American public opinion

General sentiment against Germany due to submarine attacks and Zimmermann.

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Wilson's dilemma

His conflict between opposing war and fearing German success.

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German Measles

A disease referred to as 'liberty measles' during WWI.

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Armistice

An agreement to stop fighting, signed on November 11, 1918.

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General Pershing

Commander of American forces in WWI, urged aggressive action.

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Celebration of Peace

Joyous reactions of soldiers after the war ended.

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Impact of War's End

Over 8 million soldiers dead; end brought immense relief.

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Labor Will Win The War

A slogan encouraging hard work during WWI, highlighting the importance of production for victory.

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National War Labor Board

A government body that settled labor disputes during WWI to maintain production levels.

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Industrial Workers of the World

A labor union that opposed WWI, claiming it benefited big business over democracy.

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Hooverizing

Voluntary food conservation during WWI, named after Herbert Hoover, to support war efforts.

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Victory Gardens

Home vegetable gardens encouraged during WWI to boost food production and sustain troops.

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Herbert Hoover

Head of the Food Administration during WWI, responsible for regulating food supply and conservation.

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Wartime Economy

The economic condition during WWI where demand for war supplies led to job creation and labor union growth.

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Farmerettes

Women who took on farming jobs during WWI, filling roles traditionally held by men.

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Czar Nicholas II

The last Emperor of Russia, overthrown in 1917 during the Russian Revolution.

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Woodrow Wilson's War Declaration

On April 2, 1917, Wilson asked Congress to declare war, framing it as a moral issue for global democracy.

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The Yanks Are Coming

A phrase used to describe American troops entering World War I, boosting Allied morale.

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General John J. Pershing

The commander of the American Expeditionary Forces during World War I, who led U.S. troops in Europe.

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Lafayette, we are here

A statement by Pershing acknowledging American support to France, recalling their alliance during the American Revolution.

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Bolshevik Revolution

The 1917 revolution in Russia that led to the establishment of a communist government under the Bolsheviks.

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Battle of Caporetto

A significant battle in October 1917 where Germany and Austria defeated Italy, impacting the Allies' efforts.

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American Expeditionary Forces

The U.S. military forces sent to Europe during World War I to fight alongside the Allies.

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Study Notes

World War I Propaganda

  • Posters like "I Want You for U.S. Army" were used to recruit volunteers for military service in Europe.
  • This signified the U.S. breaking its policy of neutrality during World War I in 1917.

Roots of World War I

  • A complex web of alliances and rivalries in Europe led to the outbreak of World War I in 1914.
  • The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28, 1914 triggered the conflict.
  • Nationalism, imperialism, and militarism contributed to the tense political climate.

Trenches in World War I

  • Trench warfare resulted in a stalemate on the Western Front.
  • Soldiers lived in trenches for extended periods, facing harsh conditions, including mud, disease, and fear of attack.
  • The proximity of opposing trenches made attacks costly and ineffective.

United States Entry into World War I

  • Initially, the U.S. declared its neutrality.
  • However, German submarine warfare and the Zimmermann telegram influenced the public.
  • The sinking of the Lusitania caused great outrage.
  • The U.S. entered the war in April 1917.

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