World War I Overview and Propaganda

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary reason for the United States' involvement in World War I?

  • To help defend democracy and stop the spread of German aggression (correct)
  • To protect its interests in the Caribbean
  • To stop the spread of communism
  • To defend its economic interests in Europe

Why was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk significant?

  • It marked the official end of World War I.
  • It allowed Germany to focus its forces on the Western Front. (correct)
  • It created a new alliance between Germany and Russia.
  • It led to the collapse of the Russian Empire.

What was the main objective of the Battle of the Argonne Forest?

  • To capture a key strategic port in France.
  • To capture the German capital, Berlin.
  • To break the German line and advance towards Paris.
  • To disrupt German supply lines and force a retreat. (correct)

What does the use of the term 'doughboys' refer to?

<p>American soldiers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the American home front contribute to the war effort?

<p>By providing military and financial support to the Allies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Wilson's statement that 'there are no armies in this struggle, there are entire nations armed'?

<p>He was highlighting the scale and intensity of the conflict. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the War Industries Board?

<p>To coordinate the production of war materials and resources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between the Espionage Act and the Sedition Act of 1918?

<p>Espionage Act focused on wartime actions, while Sedition Act focused on speech. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Committee on Public Information?

<p>To promote the war effort. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategy did George Creel use to promote the war effort?

<p>He used propaganda to incite fear and anger toward Germany. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the American government's cooperation with organized labor during World War I?

<p>To increase the production of war materials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Committee on Public Information use '100 percent Americanism'?

<p>To denounce anything or anyone connected with Germany. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the "Heatless, wheatless, and meatless" campaign during World War I?

<p>To ensure enough food supplies for both the American and European allies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did William Tyler Page do with his prize money after winning the contest?

<p>He donated it to charity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did the Food Administration play in the war effort?

<p>They set crop prices and regulated food exports to Europe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the American's Creed?

<p>To define the fundamental principles of American democracy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did songs play in the effort to boost the war effort?

<p>Songs helped to raise morale and build support for the war. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following played a significant role in boosting industrial production during World War I?

<p>The cooperation of labor unions and the federal government (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The "Wobblies" opposed the war effort because they believed that the war was primarily meant to benefit...

<p>Big business and Wall Street (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Committee on Public Information rely on public fear to promote the war?

<p>They spread rumors about German soldiers committing atrocities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the slogan associated with the effort to encourage women to take on jobs traditionally held by men during World War I?

<p>Women's place is in the war (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main message of the government leaflet quoted at the end of the text?

<p>To encourage citizens to report anyone who speaks out against the war. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a key factor in America's successful wartime production?

<p>The implementation of worker quotas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary message conveyed by the slogan "Labor Will Win The War"?

<p>Workers have a crucial role to play in achieving victory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the German submarines (U-boats) in World War I?

<p>To sink enemy ships and disrupt supply lines. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the German U-boat tactics violate international law?

<p>By targeting neutral ships without warning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the German U-boat campaign on the British?

<p>It significantly weakened the British Royal Navy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did President Wilson declare American neutrality at the beginning of WWI?

<p>He believed that neutrality was the best way to protect American interests. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary role of airplanes in the early stages of WWI?

<p>To observe enemy movements and provide information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the early tanks used in WWI affect the outcome of the war?

<p>They contributed to a stalemate and prolonged the war. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the name given to Manfred von Richthofen, the famous German pilot who achieved 80 aerial victories?

<p>The Red Baron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the British strategy for countering the German U-boat threat?

<p>They developed new anti-submarine weapons and tactics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary strategy for the Democrats to win working-class votes in the 1916 election?

<p>Appealing to their desire for peace and avoiding conflict (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event in early 1917 ultimately strained American neutrality and led to the United States entering the war?

<p>The publication of the Zimmermann Note, proposing an alliance between Germany and Mexico (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Wilson's proposed solution for peace in Europe in January 1917?

<p>A negotiated peace where neither side gained territory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Europeans reject Wilson's proposal for a "peace without victory"?

<p>They felt that a decisive victory was necessary to ensure future security. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following events led to the United States adopting a policy of "armed neutrality"?

<p>The German resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes Wilson's internal struggle regarding America's entry into the war?

<p>He was conflicted between his desire for peace and his fear of German domination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason Hughes lost the 1916 election?

<p>His support was weakened by divisions within the Republican Party. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the Democrats' campaign ad promoting Wilson's candidacy?

<p>To link Wilson's policies to the well-being of working-class Americans. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Fuel Administration during World War I?

<p>To conserve fuel by promoting energy-saving measures among citizens. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these was NOT a method used by the government to finance World War I?

<p>Collecting war profits from private industries. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the widespread public support for Liberty Loans?

<p>The desire to help the war effort and contribute to national victory. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was it difficult to maintain neutrality in the United States at the start of World War I?

<p>The country had strong cultural and historical ties to both sides of the conflict. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributed to the growing public support for the Allies in the United States during World War I?

<p>The belief that the Allies were fighting for democracy and freedom. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose "heatless Mondays" and "lightless nights" during World War I?

<p>To conserve fuel for military and industrial use. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Liberty Loan drives contribute to the war effort?

<p>By providing the government with the necessary funds to pay for the war. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did "gasless Sundays" contribute to the war effort?

<p>They helped to conserve fuel for military and industrial use. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Election of 1916

The presidential election where Wilson campaigned on neutrality.

He kept us out of war

Wilson's campaign slogan appealing to American neutrality.

Zimmermann Note

A secret German message proposing an alliance with Mexico against the U.S.

Armed neutrality

A U.S. policy of preparing for defense without declaring war.

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Unrestricted submarine warfare

Germany's practice of sinking ships without warning, violating pledges.

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Peace without victory

Wilson's proposal for a fair resolution to the war without territorial gains.

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Public opinion shift

The change in American sentiment against Germany after the Zimmermann Note.

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Democratic principles at stake

Wilson believed war would weaken American democracy.

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Peace, Land, Bread

Slogan by Bolsheviks promising necessities to war-weary Russians.

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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Agreement in 1918 between Russia and Germany to cease fighting.

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Doughboys

Nickname for American soldiers in World War I.

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Château-Thierry

Location where American soldiers helped stop the German advance.

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Argonne Forest

Site of a significant battle where American forces pushed German lines.

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Selective Service Act

Law enabling the US government to draft soldiers for WWI.

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War Industries Board

Agency that coordinated the production of war materials in the US.

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Espionage Act

1917 law that penalized spying and disloyalty during WWI.

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German Tanks

Early tanks used in WWI to support infantry by breaking through obstacles.

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The Red Baron

Famous German pilot known for scoring 80 aerial victories in WWI.

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U-boat

German submarine that attacked enemy and neutral ships without warning.

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British Naval Blockade

Effort by the British to cut off supplies to Germany during WWI.

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Germany's War Zone

Area declared by Germany around British Isles for unrestricted submarine warfare.

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American Neutrality

America's initial stance in WWI, expecting no involvement or bias.

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International Law Principles

Rules that were expected to be followed by warring nations, including warnings before attacks.

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Silent Attacks

Surprise attacks by U-boats that bypassed traditional naval combat rules.

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Labor Will Win The War

A slogan encouraging hard work during wartime to ensure victory.

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Samuel Gompers

Leader of organized labor who helped increase production during the war.

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National War Labor Board

A board that resolved labor disputes during World War I.

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Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

A union that opposed World War I, claiming it benefited big business.

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Hooverizing

Voluntary food conservation efforts to save resources during the war.

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Victory Gardens

Home vegetable gardens planted to support food supply during the war.

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Herbert Hoover

Head of the Food Administration, responsible for regulating food during the war.

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Women's Contribution in War

Women filled traditionally male jobs during World War I due to manpower shortages.

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Fuel Will Win the War

A slogan emphasizing the importance of fuel for factories and transportation during wartime.

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Daylight Saving Time

A practice established to save energy by shifting the clock forward, reducing lighting use.

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Heatless Mondays

A voluntary initiative encouraging Americans to refrain from using heat on Mondays.

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Liberty Loan

Bonds sold by the government to finance war expenses, with widespread public participation.

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Impact of Posters

Posters used to rally public support for the war, notably featuring the iconic Uncle Sam.

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Neutrality Challenges

The difficulty of maintaining neutrality in a society with mixed sentiments during war.

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Anti-German Propaganda

Campaigns to sway public opinion against Germany, particularly from England.

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Entangling Alliances

The principle of avoiding complex alliances with European nations to prevent involvement in conflicts.

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American's Creed

A statement of beliefs emphasizing democracy and patriotism.

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Committee on Public Information

A government organization to promote war support through propaganda.

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Four-Minute Men

Volunteers who gave short speeches to support the war effort.

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Propaganda

Information aimed at influencing public opinion, often biased or misleading.

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100 percent Americanism

A campaign stressing complete loyalty to the United States and disdain for anything German.

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War Bonds

Debt securities issued to raise funds for the war, bought by citizens for patriotic reasons.

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The Star-Spangled Banner

The national anthem of the United States, popularized during wartime.

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Muckraking journalist

A journalist who investigates and exposes societal issues, like George Creel.

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Study Notes

World War I Propaganda

  • Posters like "I Want You for U.S. Army" were used to encourage volunteers for military service in Europe.
  • This signaled a shift from a policy of neutrality to active involvement in World War I.

Roots of the Conflict

  • June 28, 1914: Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia.
  • This event triggered World War I.
  • Complex system of alliances involved European nations.
  • Nationalism, imperialism, and militarism contributed to the conflict.
  • Numerous alliances formed to maintain a balance of power.

Stalemate in the Trenches

  • Trench warfare characterized the Western Front.
  • Trenches stretched 400 miles from Switzerland to the North Sea.
  • Heavy casualties occurred.
  • Trench warfare led to a stalemate.

New Instruments of Death

  • Machine guns and artillery were used.
  • Poison gas was introduced.
  • Tanks were developed.
  • These new weapons drastically escalated casualties.
  • Obsolescence of old battlefield tactics.
  • Artillery and gas proved to be devastating against charging enemy lines.

The War at Sea

  • German U-boats targeted commercial and military ships.
  • This violated international law.
  • The sinking of the Lusitania prompted American outrage.
  • Germany's attacks on neutral ships led to pressure for a declaration of war.

The United States Enters the War

  • The United States initially maintained neutrality.
  • Submarine warfare and the Zimmermann Telegram prompted the US to enter the war.
  • Lusitania sinking and other incidents led to a war declaration in 1917.
  • In response to German actions, the US entered the war.

Home Front Efforts

  • Selective Service Act instituted a draft system.
  • War Industries Board managed resources.
  • Liberty Bonds raised funds for the war effort.
  • Conservation measures (e.g., heatless, wheatless, meatless days) were employed.
  • Posters like "I Want You" encouraged patriotism and volunteering.
  • Women filled many industrial roles as men joined the military.

Enforcing Loyalty

  • Congress passed laws to suppress dissent (Trading with the Enemy Act, Sedition Act, Espionage Act).
  • Public support for the war was crucial.
  • Critics of the war were often persecuted.
  • Restrictions on civil liberties occurred during wartime.

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