Questions and Answers
What was the primary factor that contributed to the division of Europe into two rival camps prior to World War I?
The alliance system
Which of the following was a long-term cause of World War I?
Militarism
What was the term used to describe the region of Europe that was known for its volatile mixture of ethnic groups and alliances?
The Balkans
Which of the following was NOT a major Ally power during World War I?
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What was the significance of the Treaty of Versailles in the context of World War I?
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What was the prevailing atmosphere in Europe at the beginning of the 1900s?
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What was the result of nationalism in Europe by the turn of the 20th century?
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What was the goal of hundreds of peace organizations active in Europe by 1900?
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What was the outcome of the underlying tensions in Europe by the 1910s?
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What was the underlying force that contributed to the outbreak of war in Europe?
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Where was the Western Front located during World War I?
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What was a significant consequence of World War I on the European population?
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What was the primary reason for the collapse of the Schlieffen Plan on the Western Front?
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What was the main consequence of the massive casualties suffered during the battles of the Somme and Verdun?
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What role did Austria-Hungary play in the events leading up to the outbreak of World War I?
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What was the significance of the Battle of Tannenberg in the East?
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What was the primary characteristic of the Eastern Front during World War I?
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Which region in southeast Europe was a source of territorial disputes between Austria-Hungary and Russia?
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What was a consequence of European nations competing fiercely for colonies in Africa and Asia?
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Which European nation did not have a large standing army by 1914?
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What was the name of the war that resulted in France's loss of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany?
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What was the primary consequence of the introduction of modern warfare technology in World War I?
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What was the main catalyst for the chain reaction of European nations joining World War I?
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Which of the following battles took place on the Eastern Front?
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What was the main characteristic of the fighting on the Western Front during World War I?
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What was the role of Austria-Hungary in the lead-up to World War I?
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What was the immediate response of Russia to Austria's declaration of war on Serbia?
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Which event marked the beginning of the end of European stability in 1914?
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What was the underlying cause of the crisis in Europe in 1914?
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What was the role of Kaiser Wilhelm II in the crisis of 1914?
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What was the significance of the Triple Alliance in the context of World War I?
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What was the consequence of the ultimatum given by Austria-Hungary to Serbia?
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What was the role of the Balkans in the outbreak of World War I?
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What was the outcome of the crisis in Europe in 1914?
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Who was the main player in the crisis of 1914?
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What was the significance of the Russian mobilization in 1914?
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Study Notes
Setting the Stage
- By the turn of the 20th century, European nations had been at peace for nearly 30 years
- Efforts to outlaw war and achieve permanent peace had been gaining momentum in Europe since the mid-19th century
- Hundreds of peace organizations were active, and peace congresses convened regularly between 1843 and 1907
Rise of Nationalism
- Nationalism, or deep devotion to one's nation, grew in Europe
- Nationalism can unify a country, but it can also cause intense competition among nations
- By the early 20th century, a fierce rivalry had developed among Europe's Great Powers
Imperialism and Militarism
- European nations competed fiercely for colonies in Africa and Asia
- The quest for colonies pushed European nations to the brink of war
- The rise of a dangerous European arms race also contributed to the outbreak of war
- By 1914, all the Great Powers except Britain had large standing armies
Tensions in Europe
- Below the surface of peace and goodwill, several gradual developments helped propel Europe into war
- The growth of nationalism, imperialism, and militarism contributed to the outbreak of war
- The Balkans, a region in southeast Europe, was a "powder keg" due to ethnic conflicts and territorial disputes
The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
- The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in June 1914 prompted Austria to declare war on Serbia
- The alliance system required nations to support their allies, drawing more countries into the conflict
The Outbreak of War
- Austria-Hungary, Germany, Russia, France, and Great Britain were all drawn into the war
- The war eventually involved many other nations and became a global conflict
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