World War I: Descent into the Abyss
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Questions and Answers

What event significantly increased tensions leading to WWI?

  • The annexation of Bosnia by Austria
  • The signing of the Treaty of Versailles
  • The sinking of the Lusitania
  • The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand (correct)

Which of the following was NOT one of the four main reasons for the outbreak of WWI?

  • Imperialism
  • Nationalism
  • Militarism
  • Colonialism (correct)

What was a direct consequence of the Treaty of Versailles for Germany?

  • An increase in territorial holdings
  • Reduction of their military capabilities (correct)
  • Formation of the League of Nations
  • Restoration of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany

How did American involvement in WWI economically benefit the United States?

<p>By increasing trade and creating new markets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of Germany's promises post-WWI as a reaction to the Treaty of Versailles?

<p>To resist the treaty terms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plan outlined Germany's strategy for fighting in WWI?

<p>The Schlieffen Plan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a result of the Balkan unrest prior to WWI?

<p>Austria's annexation of Bosnia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggered Russia's involvement in WWI?

<p>Support for a Serbian nationalist (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which countries were part of the Triple Entente?

<p>Russia, France, and Great Britain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant feature of militarism prior to World War I?

<p>Glorification of war and the military (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following weapons was NOT commonly used during World War I?

<p>Nuclear bombs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'total war' refer to?

<p>A war that encompasses all aspects of society and economy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept describes stronger countries taking control of weaker ones?

<p>Imperialism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event directly involved Germany attacking other nations at the beginning of World War I?

<p>Germany attacking Belgium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of the alliances formed prior to World War I?

<p>They were both formal and informal agreements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes conscription during World War I?

<p>It was an accepted practice to build larger armies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one consequence of high tariffs during the global economic conditions of the time?

<p>The U.S. and Japan became industrial giants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor significantly contributed to the political landscape in Europe during the economic downturn?

<p>The rise of fascism and authoritarian regimes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one effect of the global economic depression on employment?

<p>Employment declined sharply in most countries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened to women’s roles in the workforce during this period?

<p>Women lost positions and opportunities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which revolutionary movement took place in the countries mentioned during the global unrest?

<p>Revolutions in Mexico, Russia, and China (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable characteristic of Stalin’s regime during the period described?

<p>Establishment of a brutal industrial society (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the New Deal respond to the economic challenges of its time?

<p>By providing aid to Americans and promoting economic planning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was a notable fascist leader that actively worked to eliminate his opponents?

<p>Benito Mussolini in Italy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key factor in the rise of totalitarian states in the early 20th century?

<p>Weak responses to treaty violations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which leader ended Russia's involvement in World War I?

<p>Lenin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one outcome of the Mexican Revolution?

<p>Formation of the PRI under Rivera (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized Stalin's approach to leadership in the Soviet Union?

<p>Adhered to a policy of 'socialism in one country' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group faced repression under Stalin's regime?

<p>Artists, writers, and intellectuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant social movement in China during the early 20th century?

<p>The May 4 Movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which outcome was NOT a result of the global revolutions discussed?

<p>Restoration of imperial rule in China (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the fascist regimes in Italy and Germany?

<p>Expansion and militarization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event marked the abdication of the Russian Tsar?

<p>The February Revolution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common issue drove revolutions in early 20th century Latin America?

<p>Lack of land and economic inequality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Militarism

The glorification of war and the military, leading to increased army size, influence of military leaders, and widespread conscription.

Conscription

Compulsory military service, where citizens are required to join the army.

Triple Entente

An alliance between Russia, France, and Great Britain formed before World War I.

Triple Alliance

An alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed before World War I.

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Imperialism

The policy of a stronger country taking control of weaker countries for economic and political gain.

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Total War

A war effort that involves the entire nation, including its homefront: political leadership, industry, women, and colonies.

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Trench Warfare

A type of warfare where opposing armies fight from fortified trenches, leading to a stalemate.

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New Weapons of WWI

Technological advancements in warfare, such as machine guns, barbed wire, poison gas, airplanes, and submarines, which led to increased casualties and changed the nature of war.

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High Tariffs

Taxes on imported goods, designed to protect domestic industries. In 1920s, they hampered international trade and slowed global economic recovery.

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Worldwide Depression

A severe economic downturn that affected most countries in the 1930s, characterized by widespread unemployment, declining production, and falling prices.

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New Deal

A series of programs and reforms introduced by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the US during the Great Depression to provide relief, recovery, and reform.

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Fascism

A far-right, authoritarian ideology and movement that emphasizes nationalism, strong leadership, a single-party state, and suppression of opposition.

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Treaty of Versailles

A peace treaty signed in 1919 after World War I, heavily penalizing Germany and contributing to economic and political instability.

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Nazi Party

A German political party led by Adolf Hitler, based on fascist principles and extreme nationalism, promoting racial hatred and expansionist policies.

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Totalitarian State

A form of government that controls all aspects of society, including politics, economy, culture, and personal lives, using force to suppress any dissent.

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Gestapo

The secret police force of Nazi Germany, notorious for its brutality and terror tactics, used to enforce Nazi policies and eliminate opposition.

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Nationalism's Impact on WWI

Nationalism, or intense pride in one's country, fueled tensions leading to WWI. It encouraged countries to prioritize their own interests, leading to competition and conflict.

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Imperialism's Role in WWI

Imperialism, the expansion of a country's power and influence through acquiring colonies, contributed to WWI by intensifying competition for resources and markets. Countries sought to establish dominance over others.

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Militarism in WWI

Militarism, the belief in building up a strong military and using it to achieve national goals, was a key factor in WWI. The constant arms race created a climate of suspicion and hostility.

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Alliances in WWI

Alliances, agreements between countries to support each other in case of conflict, played a significant role in WWI. They quickly escalated a local conflict into a global war, drawing in more and more nations.

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Causes of WWI

WWI was caused by a combination of factors, including nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and alliances. These factors created a climate of tension and hostility that made war inevitable.

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Impact of WWI on the Economy

WWI created a major economic disruption in Europe. The war destroyed infrastructure, depleted resources, and led to inflation. The economic consequences contributed to the Great Depression.

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The 1920s: Shaped by WWI

The 1920s were a time of recovery and change after WWI. The war's impact on the economy, societal values, and political landscape influenced major events and movements of the decade.

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Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride and identification with one's nation. It can lead to a desire for independence or dominance over other nations.

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Propaganda

Information, often biased or misleading, used to promote a particular political cause or point of view.

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Rise of Fascism

The rise of a political ideology emphasizing nationalism, authoritarianism, and militarism. It gained momentum in Italy, Germany, and other European nations.

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Economic Depression

A period of severe economic decline, characterized by high unemployment, reduced production, and financial instability. The Great Depression of the 1930s had a major impact worldwide.

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Mexican Revolution

A period of upheaval and armed conflict in Mexico from 1910 to 1920, aimed at overthrowing the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz. It resulted in significant social and economic changes.

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Russian Revolution

A series of events that led to the overthrow of the Tsarist regime in Russia and the establishment of the Soviet Union.

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Stalin's Rule

Stalin's leadership in the Soviet Union was characterized by centralized control, political repression, and rapid industrialization.

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Chinese Revolution

The period of upheaval and conflict in China that resulted in the overthrow of the Qing dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912.

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Causes of 20th Century Revolutions

These revolutions were triggered by factors like rural discontent, population pressure, high taxes, and dissatisfaction with existing political and economic systems.

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Study Notes

World War I: Descent into the Abyss

  • Militarism: Increased military spending and influence of military leaders, conscription widespread.
  • Alliances: Complex system of treaties between nations (Triple Entente and Triple Alliance) created a domino effect for conflict, leading to increased tensions.
  • Imperialism: Competition among nations for colonies and resources.
  • Nationalism: Strong national pride and competition among countries fueled tensions.
  • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand: Sparked the immediate conflict by Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia.
  • Military Technology: Modern advancements like machine guns, poison gas, and submarines changed warfare drastically, leading to stalemate.
  • Total War: Complete mobilization of resources and populations of the countries participating in the war.
  • US Involvement: Entered the war in 1917, significantly contributing to Allied victory.

Causes of World War I

  • Militarism: Glorification of military strength led to intense competition in military buildup among nations.
  • Alliances: Formal and informal agreements between nations created a complex system, where an attack on one member often drew others into the conflict.
  • Imperialism: Struggle for control of colonial possessions and resources increased tension.
  • Nationalism: Strong national identity and rivalry between different nations led to mistrust and conflicts.

Key Events and Developments

  • Germany's Attacks: Germany initiated attacks on various countries, including Belgium and France, to gain advantage in the war.
  • Technology in Warfare: New military technologies like machine guns, poison gas, and submarines revolutionized how wars were fought, leading to trench warfare.
  • Stalemate: A prolonged period of little to no progress on the battlefield, often marked by trench warfare.
  • US Entry into WWI: The US entry in 1917 significantly contributed to Allied victory by bringing in significantly more resources and troops.
  • Treaty of Versailles: Treaty that ended WWI and imposed harsh penalties on Germany, contributing to future conflicts like WWII.

The Road to World War I

  • Militarism: Glorification of military power and increased military spending.
  • Alliance Systems: Complex treaties creating a chain reaction for conflicts.
  • Imperialism: Competition for colonial possessions and resources increased tension.
  • Nationalism: Fierce national pride created conflicts and rivalries.

WWI Aftermath

  • US Entry: Significantly influenced the course of the war via contributions to resources and personnel.
  • Treaty of Versailles: Harsh terms imposed on Germany, including reparations, limitations in the military, and loss of territories.
  • Impact: The end of empires such as Austro-Hungarian, and Ottoman.
  • Reparations: Germany had to pay for damages caused during the war.

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Description

Explore the complex causes and major events that led to World War I, including militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism. This quiz delves into key incidents like the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and the technological advancements that impacted warfare. Test your knowledge of how these factors contributed to the war's outbreak.

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