World War I: Causes and Impacts

<p>Robert M. Yerkes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevailing racial attitudes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They misrepresented education levels among recruits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To demonstrate loyalty and capability to white society (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They encountered less racial discrimination in Europe. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They worked as crucial volunteers in civilian efforts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Programs to promote 'purity' and prevent European vices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Great Britain entering the war against Germany (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transition to serve in established administrative occupations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Twenty-one to thirty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To benefit American munitions manufacturers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Schlieffen Plan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increased public anger and support for intervention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It had no tradition of maintaining large armed forces during peace (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To regain territory lost to the U.S. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The absence of trained military reserves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intensified tensions with the United States (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Financial ties with Allied nations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A shift in the global power balance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reliance on volunteer enlistment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Naval blockades (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The historic support for Slavic nations in the Balkans. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Authorized the construction of a modern navy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoid foreign alliances and military entanglements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was small and increasingly antiquated. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To create a modern version of the National Guard and military reserves. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The revolutionary threat to American business interests. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The supervision of the city government and prevention of arms shipments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motorized vehicles and reconnaissance aircraft. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overwhelming public support for non-involvement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growth of the transatlantic economy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By authorizing the development of improved naval capabilities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Technological advancements outpacing military training. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Support for revolutionary leaders against Huerta. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Telephone operators for the Signal Corps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They did not receive commissioned officer status. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They could not serve as enlisted medical personnel. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>American Red Cross (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inspiring patriotism and generating support for the war (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It led to their exclusion in most military roles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To collect civilian contributions for war efforts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trade relationships began to dictate public opinion on involvement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sedition Act (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inability to defend against submarine attacks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>July 1918 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By preparing supplies and organizing community activities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Black women (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>America was viewed as a crusader for democracy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It marked the United States' emergence as a global military power. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wilhelm II (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To rival the British Empire. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Triple Entente (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Austria-Hungary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It initially advanced but later suppressed it. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Establishment of peace in Europe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In response to rising German naval threats. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The disintegration of the Russian army (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The exhaustion of German military resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They joined forces to counter German offensives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It marked a decisive defeat for German forces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Germany gained the opportunity to shift troops to the Western Front (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More soldiers died from influenza than from combat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was deadlier and targeted young adults (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To outline a vision for a lasting peace (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Germany and France (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The establishment of the Weimar Republic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Germany agreed to an armistice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first reports came from neutral Spain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure Germany would not reignite the war (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negotiate terms of the peace settlement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure collective security among its member states (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They had little interest and focused on their own national interests. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its implications for U.S. sovereignty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His deteriorating health hindered his campaign. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They desired independence free of European influence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Britain and France (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The U.S. Senate refused to ratify the treaty. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was a reimagined form of imperialism under the guise of assistance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Treaty of Versailles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fear of Bolshevik influence and communism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The League struggled to enforce its resolutions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They exploited the regions for their own benefit and resources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It disintegrated into several newly formed nations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It divided Ottoman territories into mandates controlled by European powers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heightened racial tensions in Northern cities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To demand their rights and fight for equality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mob violence and resistance from Black communities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greater determination among Black Americans to claim their rights (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A complete rejection of all forms of dissent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Militant defense against white aggressors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It created labor shortages leading to competition for jobs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A wave of anti-communist sentiments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prompted many to volunteer in health services (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A new world order based on democratic self-determination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was considered the worst riot of the Red Summer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Job competition following the Great Migration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By leading to unstable economic conditions and tensions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>15 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poems reflecting wartime experiences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rising tensions from shifting power dynamics in Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Triple Entente.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acquisition of Turkish lands on its southern border.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attempting to build a rival German navy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Russia and France.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A desire for prestige and status suitable for a world power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was a great threat to European Peace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It laid the groundwork for a global depression and future conflicts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bosnia and Herzegovina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To avoid 'foreign alliances, attachments, and intrigues'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A small and increasingly antiquated military.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Authorization for the construction of a modern Navy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Airplanes, motor vehicles, submarines, or modern artillery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A strategic reserve of trained soldiers and sailors, available for use in international wars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent shipments of German arms to Mexican leader Victoriano Huerta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The threat of war in Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Villa's raid on Columbus, New Mexico.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motorized vehicles, reconnaissance aircraft, or the wireless telegraph.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He declared American neutrality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It paved the way for the Mexican Revolution, and was created by Francisco Madero.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It emphasized the reliance on naval forces and the difficulty in modernizing the military during a period of European imperial influence in the Caribbean.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The international crisis in Europe overwhelmed the public’s attention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They believed the time had arrived to eliminate the rebellious ethnic Serbian threat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compulsion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bonuses and substitutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basic physical fitness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>&quot;Defects Found in Drafted Men&quot;.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whether they were English-speaking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>American Psychological Association.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were even lower.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Widespread public agitation against 'hyphenated Americans'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>White and Black soldiers were assigned to different units.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The willingness and ability of Black men to assume all duties and responsibilities of citizens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Segregated service units/general laborers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To question their place in American society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It made it increasingly difficult for the nation to claim impartiality as war spread through Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To keep the men pure of heart, mind, and body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The United States held the top position in the global industrial economy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Male members of the business elite.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These jobs transitioned in gender, freeing more men to join combat units.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was Germany's plan to rapidly move armies through Belgium into France. It's significant because it violated Belgian neutrality, causing Great Britain to enter the war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A proposal from Germany to Mexico, offering support to regain Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. It inflamed public opinion and helped usher the United States into the war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The U.S. had a small military, lacked a tradition of large standing armed forces or trained military reserves, and had no system for rapidly mobilizing reservists and conscripts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He argued for volunteerism over conscription.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The blockades proved annoying and costly because they often stopped or seized ships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Austria declared war on Serbia for failure to meet all of the demands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was a coup for German military prospects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formal alliances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Submarine warfare and the Zimmermann Telegram inflamed public opinion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To deprive the Allies of replenishment supplies from the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Germany's failure to respect Belgium as a neutral nation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To take advantage of sluggish Russian mobilization by focusing the German army on France.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Munitions and other war suppliers in the United States witnessed a brisk and booming increase in business.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They served as telephone operators for the Signal Corps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>About twenty-five thousand nurses served.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevented them from serving as enlisted or appointed medical personnel in the military.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They rolled bandages, prepared meals, and organized community fund-raisers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The American Red Cross and YMCA/YWCA were popular choices for volunteering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It aimed to inspire patriotism and generate support for military involvement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lacked effective defensive measures against German submarine attacks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The government implemented wartime propaganda campaigns to encourage support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They joined auxiliary units or volunteered independently in their communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Espionage Act of 1917 and the Sedition Act of 1918.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They purchased war bonds as part of the Liberty Loan Drive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They occupied a status between enlisted and officer ranks without full recognition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shipping and military losses declined significantly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first groups of women joined the Marine Corps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Red Summer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Black soldiers returned with a new sense of empowerment, leading to greater resistance against racism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>White Americans viewed it with shock and interpreted it as a possible desire for revolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>W.E.B. Du Bois.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wartime labor shortages and the desire to escape southern poverty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It resulted in massive bloodshed, including hundreds of deaths and thousands of injuries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The collapse of the tsarist regime occurred after the Russian army disintegrated following a disastrous offensive in July 1917.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It inspired fears of communism and radicalism in America.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Kaiserschlacht was a major offensive that aimed to break the stalemate on the Western Front but ultimately failed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It significantly altered the United States' standing as a major power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He suggested it would lead to a stronger demand for rights among the Black community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The arrival of two million American soldiers bolstered Allied forces and contributed to successful counteroffensives against Germany.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They became increasingly hostile and paranoid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The influenza pandemic resulted in the deaths of an estimated fifty million people worldwide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They faced racism and the desire of white Americans to revert to pre-war social norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wilson's Fourteen Points offered a framework for peace addressing both territorial and long-term geopolitical issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It intensified racial conflicts as Black migrants competed for jobs and housing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Spanish Influenza pandemic severely weakened the combat capabilities of both American and German armies during the offensive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was a call for equality and civil rights after their service.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wilson's visit symbolized American leadership in the peace process and aimed to influence the terms of settlement at the Versailles Conference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure collective security and maintain peace by preventing aggressions against sovereign nations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Germany faced disarmament, territorial losses, and the establishment of a new democratic government after the armistice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allied leaders prioritized their national security and reparations from Germany over Wilson's vision of a collective security agreement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 1918 influenza was particularly deadly, striking down individuals in their prime, aged 18 to 35.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He encountered strong opposition from Republican senator Henry Cabot Lodge, who questioned the treaty's implications for U.S. sovereignty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His campaign to gain public support was undermined by his health issues, ultimately leading to the Senate blocking the League's ratification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The war led to the dissolution of empires such as the German, Russian, Austro-Hungarian, and Ottoman Empires, resulting in the emergence of new nations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Ottoman Empire disintegrated, leading to the creation of new nations in the Middle East as European powers divided the region into mandates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Allies were skeptical about the feasibility of Wilson's idealistic principles and were more focused on reparations and territorial gains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Commission found that most inhabitants favored independence and were against European control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During the war, more American soldiers were hospitalized due to influenza than were injured in battle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Bolshevik Revolution and the subsequent rise of communism sparked fears of radicalism and the potential spread of communist ideologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Germany agreed to an armistice as defeat become inevitable following the failed Kaiserschlacht and the successful Allied counteroffensives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Spanish Influenza pandemic emerged concurrently with the ending of hostilities in World War I, affecting millions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The League lacked the power and support necessary to fulfill its purpose effectively, notably without the involvement of the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wilson believed that only the establishment of the League of Nations could guarantee a peaceful international order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mandates were considered necessary for the governance of peoples deemed not ready for self-rule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The territories were divided without considering ethnic or cultural realities, leading to long-term regional tensions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their trial and execution fueled international outrage and highlighted the anti-immigrant sentiments and fears of radicalism in the U.S.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent German influence and combat the Bolshevik Revolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His proposal was rejected and failed to gain the necessary support for ratification, effectively ending his vision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wilhelm II = German Emperor who sought to expand Germany's influence Queen Victoria = British monarch whose empire was admired by Wilhelm II Tsar Nicholas II = Russian leader who formed an alliance with France and Great Britain Émile Loubet = French President who allied with Great Britain and Russia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Triple Entente = Great Britain, France, and Russia Triple Alliance = Germany, Austro-Hungary, and Italy Defensive Alliance (1892) = Russia and France</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wilhelm II = Growing Germany's naval power. Queen Victoria = Ruler of the British Empire Woodrow Wilson = President of the United States during World War I RMS Lusitania = British ocean liner sunk by a German U-boat</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Germany = Expanding naval power and acquiring colonies Austro-Hungary = Expanding influence into Turkish lands Great Britain = Maintaining naval dominance and colonial holdings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Triple Entente = Alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia Triple Threat = Alliance between Germany, Austro-Hungary, and Italy Ottoman Empire = Turkish empire bordering Austro-Hungary</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Germany = Building a navy to rival Great Britain's Great Britain = Feeling threatened by Germany's naval expansion United States = Neutral at the start of the war France = Allied with Great Britain against Germany</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wilhelm II = Sought to enhance Germany's global prestige through naval power and colonies Neutrality Proclamation = President Wilson's initial stance, intending to keep America free from war U.S. Congress = Took steps toward building up a modern military by the 20th century Arthur Zimmermann = Proposed that Mexico ally with Germany against the U.S.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Submarine Warfare = Germany's unrestricted use, impacting U.S. neutrality Creel Committee = Focused on swaying public opinion in support of the war effort Selective Service Act = Enacted to address the need to modernize the military for the war Liberty Loan Drive = Funded the war effort</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Archduke Franz Ferdinand = His assassination sparked World War I Tsar Nicholas II = Concerned about Austro-Hungarian expansion in the Balkans Woodrow Wilson = Declared American neutrality at the start of World War I Gavrilo Princip = Assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutrality = The initial U.S. stance at the beginning of World War I Foreign Alliances = Avoided according to Washington's Farewell Address Transatlantic Economy = Benefited from European peace prior to World War I Interventionism = Emerged later due to events in Mexico and Europe</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Davis Act of 1908 = Inaugurated the modern National Guard National Defense Act of 1916 = Created a strategic reserve of trained soldiers Naval Act of 1916 = Aimed to build the world's greatest navy Plan of San Luis Potosi = Paved the way for the Mexican Revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand = Bosnia and Herzegovina Pancho Villa's raid = Columbus, New Mexico U.S. military intervention = Veracruz, Mexico Plan of San Luis Potosí = San Antonio, Texas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Francisco Madero = Challenged Porfirio Diaz's regime Porfirio Diaz = Corrupt and unpopular conservative leader Pancho Villa = Revolutionary who raided Columbus, New Mexico Victoriano Huerta = Mexican leader who received German arms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motorized Vehicles = Aided General Pershing in supplying troops in Mexico Reconnaissance Aircraft = Provided invaluable lessons about war usage Wireless Telegraph = Assisted in the pursuit of Pancho Villa Modern Navy = Construction authorized by Congress in the 1880s</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Outbreak of war in Europe = Led to President Wilson declaring American neutrality American intervention in Veracruz = Prevented German arms from reaching Victoriano Huerta Pancho Villa's raid on Columbus = Prompted Pershing's expedition into Mexico Construction of a modern navy = Part of America's move towards empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>National Guard = State-administered units activated for international wars Neutrality = Policy of not taking sides in a conflict Economic Coercion = Diplomatic tool used to persuade nations Industrial Economy = Inward looking focus of America.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Austria-Hungary = Took control of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Germany = Shipped Arms to Mexico. United States = Declared Neutrality. Russia = Historic guarantor of the Slavic nations in the Balkans</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Building of modern navy = Congress authorized. Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand = Triggered WW1. Motorized vehicles allowed = Pershing to obtain supplies. American businesses = Benefited from the trade generated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>George Washington = Advised countrymen to Avoid foreign alliances. Woodrow Wilson = Commissioned Pershing to Mexico.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Davis Act of 1908 = Modern versions of the National Guard. National Defence Act of 1916 = Strategic reserve of trained soldiers and sailors. Naval Act of 1916 = Goal to build navy. Farewell Address = Advised against foreign alliances, attachments, and intrigues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Navy = Congress authorized the constrcution of a modern navy. Army = Remained small and underfunded. National Guard = Long term strategic resrve of trained soldiers. Marines = Supervised city government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>President Wilson = United States. Archduke Franz Ferdinand = Austro-Hungarian. Tsar Nicholas II = Russia. Porfirio Diaz = Mexican.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wilson ordered Marines = Accompanied naval escort to Veracruz. Marines = Supervised the city government. General Pershing = Capture Villa and disperse his rebels. Motorized vehicles assigned = Allowed General Pershing to obtain supplies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Germany sinking the RMS Lusitania = Raised American public ire and desire for war Austria declaring war on Serbia = Triggered the beginning of World War I Germany's violation of Belgian neutrality = Led to Great Britain entering the war Zimmermann Telegram revealed = Inflamed public opinion and urged U.S. involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Germany = Central Powers leader Great Britain = Allied Powers leader Austria-Hungary = Declared war on Serbia Russia = Mobilized to protect Serbia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Woodrow Wilson = Promoting the League of Nations David Lloyd-George = Preserving British imperial interests Georges Clemenceau = Demanding reparations from Germany Henry Cabot Lodge = Opposing the League of Nations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schlieffen Plan = Focused on rapid movement through Belgium into France Unrestricted submarine warfare = Attacked Allied shipping to cut off supplies Trench warfare = Characterized by stalemates and heavy casualties Blockade = Used to restrict supply lines to enemy nations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Syria = France Iraq = Britain Palestine = Britain Transjordan = Britain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of preparedness = Delayed military mobilization and training Tradition of volunteerism = Limited size and readiness of standing army Absence of military reserves = Slow response to the war effort Civilian leadership in military = Struggled with rapid mobilization during conflicts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sacco-Vanzetti case = Exacerbated fears of radicalism League of Nations establishment = Absence of U.S. membership King-Crane Commission = Ignored wishes for independence Russian Revolution = Fear of communism spread in the U.S.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>President Wilson = Approved commercial credit loans to Allies Labor leader Samuel Gompers = Advocated for volunteer military service Arthur Zimmermann = Proposed support for Mexico against the U.S. Public opinion = Fueled desire for war after U-boat attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impartiality = Neutral stance in international conflicts Trench stalemate = A situation where neither side can advance Blockade = Military action to prevent goods from entering ports Mobilization = Preparation and organization for war</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Congress declaring war on Germany = Signaled U.S. entry into World War I Great Britain's declaration on Germany = Response to the violation of Belgium's neutrality Austria's ultimatums to Serbia = Initiated the series of conflicts leading to war Germany's declaration on Russia = Escalated tensions after Serbia's mobilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Turkey = Emerging from Anatolia France = Governing Syria Britain = Governing Iraq Sharif Hussein = Ruler of the Kingdom of Hejaz</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sinking of the Lusitania = Prompted American calls for military action Zimmermann Telegram = Revealed German attempts to instigate conflict with the U.S. Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand = Triggered a cascade of alliances and declarations of war Torpedo attacks by German submarines = Drew U.S. closer to intervention in the war</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consent of the governed = A principle behind Wilson's advocacy for self-determination Isolationism = Opposition to involvement in international affairs Imperialism = Control over territories with disregard for local demographics Collective action = Response to aggression by multiple nations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>President Wilson = Promoting international cooperation Senator Lodge = Blocking the League of Nations in the Senate David Lloyd-George = Negotiating for Britain's interests Clemenceau = Pushing for harsh penalties on Germany</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schlieffen Plan = Fast mobilization against France through Belgium Unrestricted submarine warfare = Lowered supply lines to the Allies Russian mobilization = Forced German focus on the Eastern Front Allied blockades = Disrupted Central Powers’ supplies effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Former Ottoman Empire = Divided into mandates Germany = Subject to reparations The Kingdom of Hejaz = Short-lived and absorbed by Saudi Arabia Yemen = Emerging as a new nation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Austria declares war on Serbia = July 28, 1914 Germany declares war on Russia = August 1, 1914 Great Britain declares war on Germany = August 4, 1914 United States declares war on Germany = April 4, 1917</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'God of Peace' = Title given to Wilson in Europe League of Nations = Proposed to ensure global peace Collective security = Idea central to the League's function Paris Peace Conference = Platform for Treaty negotiations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>U.S. military’s expansion = Unprecedented in its reliance on volunteers Role of women in war = Provided crucial support in non-combat roles Training of soldiers = Slower than European counterparts due to volunteerism Racial segregation in the army = Limited Black Americans' military opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>American industrial production = Supplied Allies with munitions and goods Public sentiment shift = Increased nationalist fervor among Americans Involvement in European conflicts = Drew the U.S. into international affairs Emergence of the U.S. as a world power = Shifted balance post-war with economic contributions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red Scare = Fear of anarchism and communism Sacco-Vanzetti Trial = Debate on justice and immigrant rights League of Nations opposition = Political division in U.S. Russian Revolution = Heightened anti-communist sentiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Declaration of neutrality = Early U.S. stance at the start of WWI Commitment to supply allies = Eroded claims of U.S. neutrality Blockading enemy ports = Increased naval engagements and economic strain Mobilization of forces = Prepared U.S. for combat despite initial unpreparedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treaty of Versailles = Inclusion of the League of Nations Treaty of Sèvres = Division of Ottoman territories Paris Peace Conference = Compromises made between Allied leaders King-Crane Commission = Investigation of Middle Eastern aspirations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Make the world safe for democracy' = Wilson's justification for WWI involvement 'Peace without victory' = Wilson’s vision for postwar peace 'America first' = Lodge's isolationist argument 'Self-determination for all people' = Wilson’s appeal to the oppressed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Army Alpha test = Soldiers who could read Army Beta test = Illiterates and non-English-speaking immigrants Cognitive skills tests = Assessment of recruits' intelligence Physical fitness tests = Basic requirement for military service</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Black soldiers = Assigned to segregated service units Immigrants = Welcomed into Union ranks Native-born soldiers = Served alongside foreign-born soldiers Women's organizations = Performed bulk of volunteer work</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Army Alpha test = Verbal assessment of intelligence Army Beta test = Nonverbal assessment for illiterates Cognitive skills tests = Evaluated recruits' mental capabilities Medical examination = Assessed physical condition for service</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>W.E.B. Du Bois = Supported the war effort for Black soldiers Robert M. Yerkes = Developed intelligence tests for recruits YMCA = Provided recreational activities for soldiers Women volunteers = Expanded roles in military organizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Black Americans = Facing segregation in units Recent immigrants = Skepticism regarding their loyalty Women = Pioneering roles in military service Native-born men = Joined combat units after enlistment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1919 report by Surgeon General = Documented defects in drafted men Data on recruits' mental age = Indicated a decline in education levels Draft records analysis = Offered insights into men's health conditions Military retention of Black soldiers = Restricted privileges and combat opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social control programs = Prevented soldiers from European vices Voluntary organizations = Sought to keep soldiers engaged positively Segregated units = Assigned based on racial attitudes Cognitive testing = Evaluated intelligence levels for service</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vladimir Lenin = Led the Bolshevik Party to power Kaiser Wilhelm II = Abdicated following military defeat Erich Ludendorff = Called the day of counteroffensive a 'black day' President Wilson = Traveled to Europe to shape peace</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selective Service Act = Instituted draft for military service War Department policies = Barred Black troops from combat Enlistment of women = Opened roles previously unavailable Conscription system = Replaced unpopular Civil War practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Influenza = Deadly pandemic affecting soldiers Spanish Influenza = Misnamed virus from neutral Spain Troop transport outbreaks = Spread virus to Europe Mutation of the virus = Strain affecting younger adults more severely</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>American soldiers lost = Over 100,000 Flu hospitalizations = Nearly 500,000 European military dead = Almost 1.5 million (France) Total American military served = 4.7 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>White soldiers = Fought in integrated units Black soldiers = Served in labor roles and segregated units Women volunteers = Filled administrative and supportive positions Recent immigrants = Faced language and loyalty barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>German Empire = Evaporated Russian Empire = Collapsing regime Austro-Hungarian Empire = Dissolution of several nations Ottoman Empire = Loss of significant territories</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>YMCA = Offered recreational programs and facilities American Psychological Association = Oversaw the development of cognitive tests Civilian volunteer organizations = Supported military efforts with female workforce War Department = Managed troop distributions and segregations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mental deficiencies in recruits = Questioned fitness for service Physical defects recorded = Revealed health issues among draftees Segregation of Black troops = Highlighted racial disparities Women in uniform = Shifted gender roles in military contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Georges Clemenceau = Dismissive of the Fourteen Points President Wilson = Ambitious for postwar peace Allied leaders = Skeptical of Germany's acceptance Russian tsarist regime = Failed to maintain fighting capability</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social science data collection = Provided new methods for examination Draft registration = Required young men to enroll for service Cognitive assessments = Determined intelligence levels for recruits Conscription practices = Implemented without major public objection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meuse-Argonne Offensive = Worst part of the influenza epidemic Kaiserschlacht = Series of major attacks by Germany American counteroffensives = Pushed German lines back Spanish Influenza outbreak = Key factor during troop movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased volunteerism among women = Transitioned into military roles Black leaders seeking combat = Wanted to prove citizenship through service Immigrant inclusion in ranks = Appreciated since the Civil War Native and foreign-born soldiers serving together = Expanded social horizons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exiting of Russia from the war = Bolshevik Revolution Failure of the German offensive = Poor logistics and exhausted troops Death toll from flu surpassing combat = Pandemic affecting soldiers Redrawing map of Europe = Collapse of empires at war's end</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Fourteen Points = Wilson's vision for peace Armistice = A cease-fire agreement Kaiserschlacht = Spring military offensive by Germany Spanish Lady = Alias for the Spanish Influenza</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yerkes' findings = Misrepresented educational levels Cognitive testing methods = Showed design flaws in assessments Segregation policies = Reinforced racial discrimination Voluntary labor movement stance = Opposed to compulsion for military service</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selective Service Act = To create a fair draft system War and Navy Departments = Authorized women to enlist YMCA initiatives = Provided wholesome activities for soldiers Training programs in Europe = Promoted soldier adaptation overseas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>American military service = 4 million in Army, others in Navy and Marines German military shift = Concentration of forces on Western Front Collapse of Russian army = Strengthened Germany's position Influenza spread to training camps = Depleted military readiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'The good Lord only had ten.' = Georges Clemenceau 'Black day of the German army.' = Erich Ludendorff 'Peace without victors.' = President Wilson 'War has come to an end.' = Members of Allied forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>United States = Joined Allied forces in 1918 Germany = Fought against Allies in the West Russia = Exited the war after revolution France = Suffered heavy casualties</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>World War I = 1914-1918 Spanish Influenza epidemic = Spring 1918 to early 1920s Kaiserschlacht = March to July 1918 Paris Peace Conference = 1919</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Influenza virus = Originated in army camps Mutated strain = Stronger impact on younger adults Hospitalized soldiers from wounds = 227,000 during the war Deaths due to influenza vs. combat = More from influenza during war</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Telephone Operators (Hello Girls) = Served for the Signal Corps Yeomen = Navy women clerical workers Army and Navy Nurses = Approximately twenty-five thousand served Black female volunteers = Faced discrimination in civilian organizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>American Red Cross = Provided medical support and supplies YMCA/YWCA = Organized recreational activities for soldiers Salvation Army = Served meals and organized community fundraisers Committee on Public Information = Generated support for military efforts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Espionage Act of 1917 = Stripped dissenters of rights Sedition Act of 1918 = Imprisoned critics and protesters Increase in American trade with Allies = Tripled by 1916 Jim Crow segregation = Created barriers for Black women in the military</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>War bonds = Provided financial support for the military Liberty Loan Drive = Aimed to raise funds for the war effort Propaganda campaigns = Cultivated a view of the war as a crusade Mobilization of resources = Prepared the country for military involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Female Nurses = Served in Army and Navy Nurse Corps Doctors = Contracted by the army but not commissioned Volunteer groups = Encouraged community involvement Marine Corps = First women joined in July 1918</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of commissioned status = Contributed to abuses by male coworkers Jim Crow laws = Limited roles for Black women in the army Public fundraising efforts = Enabled women to promote charitable activities Military medicine barriers = Kept women from higher ranks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detachment from events in Europe = Progressive Era politics dominated Support for military involvement = Drove government actions Public fundraising support = Demonstrated patriotic sentiment Disapproval of dissent = Managed through legislative acts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nurses = Provided care without commission Female physicians = Contracted but not acknowledged as officers Black female doctors = Joined French Foreign Legion for equality Auxiliary units = Supported Black soldiers and sailors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>American military resources = Mobilized due to war preparedness debates Financial contributions from citizens = Impacted troops on the Western Front Submarine warfare from Germany = Led to increased naval escorts American Expeditionary Force in France = Supported Black and allied troops</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hollywood participation = Spurred propaganda efforts Public Information Committee = Supported government narratives Sedition laws = Targeted immigrants and radicals Increased trade with Allies = Strengthened economic commitment to the war</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discrimination against Black women = Excluded from military service Segregation in civilian organizations = Restricted roles in war efforts Mobilization of troops = Faced logistical and social issues Community volunteerism = Empowered women to organize support</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hello Girls = Telephone operators in the military Black female community organizers = Supported Black soldiers on the home front YMCA secretaries = Worked with Black troops in France Military nurses = Responded to wartime medical needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>President Wilson = Advocated for financial and moral support George Creel = Headed the Committee on Public Information Progressive leaders = Pushed for governmental changes at home Military Commanders = Raised and mobilized large forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Civilian contributions to war = Increased public engagement Censorship laws = Limited free speech during conflict Racial segregation = Frustrated Black volunteers Women’s military roles = Challenged traditional gender norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Commissioning status = Limited authority for female officers Auxiliary units for Black women = Created segregated community efforts Discrimination in volunteer organizations = Restricted Black women’s participation Social expectations of women = Narrowed roles during the war</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>W.E.B. Du Bois = Advocated for the rights of returning Black soldiers Manuel Quezon = Worked towards Filipino independence Alan Seeger = Joined the French Foreign Legion during World War I James Weldon Johnson = Commented on Black resistance during the Red Summer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chicago Riot = Worst outbreak of mob violence during the summer Red Summer = Season of widespread race riots across the U.S. Great Migration = Movement of Black southerners to northern cities Racial Tensions = Conflict arising from economic and social changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bolshevik Revolution = Shifted global dynamics leading to the Cold War Jim Crow South = Region known for racial segregation Postwar Disillusionment = Loss of hope for societal progress after war Red Summer = Period marked by violent racial riots in 1919</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>W.E.B. Du Bois = &quot;We return fighting. Make way for Democracy!&quot; James Weldon Johnson = &quot;The more Negroes they outrage...&quot; Alan Seeger = &quot;...lived among artists and poets...&quot; Manuel Quezon = &quot;Presented the case for Filipino independence&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Black Americans = Fought for civil rights and defended their homes Native Americans = Volunteered as nurses and faced unique challenges Returning Soldiers = Faced racial tensions and economic struggles Women = Joined the workforce and military efforts during the war</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-determination = Encouraged colonized nations to seek independence Anticommunism = Increased hostility towards leftist movements Racial Conflict = Led to violent riots and community divisions Social Equality = Challenged by returning veterans and migrants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red Summer = Permanent shifts in race relations in America World War I = Catalyst for the Bolshevik Revolution Great Migration = Strained relations between Black and white citizens American military intervention = Highlighted racial inequalities in service</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lutiant Van Wert = Nurse during the flu pandemic W.E.B. Du Bois = Promoted rights for Black soldiers James Weldon Johnson = Commented on societal reactions to racial riots Alan Seeger = Soldier and poet who experienced the war abroad</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chicago = Site of the worst mob violence Washington, D.C. = Affected by wartime racial tensions New York = Home to cultural movements before the war Paris = Place where American soldiers experienced a different reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>W.E.B. Du Bois = &quot;We return fighting!&quot; Alan Seeger = &quot;Joined the French Foreign Legion...&quot; James Weldon Johnson = &quot;...more determined the whole race becomes...&quot; Manuel Quezon = &quot;Delegation for Philippine independence&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nationalism = Fueled attitudes towards radicalism and dissent Racial Inequality = Fostered violent responses during the Red Summer Global Impact of War = Created new nations and complicated international relations Individual Advocacy = Voices like Du Bois and Quezon for rights and freedom</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red Summer = Shocked many with violent racial conflicts Great Migration = Significantly altered racial demographics in cities Bolshevik Revolution = Influenced American attitudes toward communism Postwar Disillusionment = Shattered expectations for progress</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alan Seeger = Joined the French forces Lutiant Van Wert = Served as a nurse during a pandemic W.E.B. Du Bois = Advocated for social rights of Black soldiers James Weldon Johnson = Commented on racial unrest</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Racial tensions = Led to the violence of the Red Summer Economic strain = Triggered conflicts over job competition Nationalist fervor = Influenced attitudes toward immigrants and dissent Postwar soldiers = Faced disillusionment and societal reentry challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>James Weldon Johnson = Commentated during the Red Summer of 1919 W.E.B. Du Bois = Promoted Black rights post-war Alan Seeger = Died in 1916 but wrote about the war Manuel Quezon = Active in advocating for independence in 1919</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Militant Black resistance = Response to postwar racial violence Philippine independence = Long-term goal advocated by Manuel Quezon Postwar racism = Faced by returning Black veterans Women's roles = Expanded in nursing and wartime support</p> Signup and view all the answers

A global conflict from 1914 to 1918 that reshaped nations and global power dynamics.

Marked the U.S. rise as a military power and advanced social progress, then led to repression.

The German Emperor who sought to rival Britain's naval power and expand Germany's influence.

A military alliance formed between Great Britain, France, and Russia to counter German threats.

A multi-ethnic empire in Central and Eastern Europe that had strategic interests in the Balkans.

A powerful empire based in Turkey that was a significant threat to European peace during the pre-war period.

Wilhelm II's attempts to build a navy to compete with Britain's, causing tensions.

Intense national pride and competition among countries, contributing to the war's outbreak.

The efforts of the Austro-Hungarian Empire to acquire territories and influence in Europe, particularly concerning Slavic nations.

The Serbian nationalist who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, leading to World War I.

The last Emperor of Russia who viewed himself as a protector of Slavic nations.

A Slavic nation that was a protectorate of Russia and viewed as a threat by Austro-Hungary.

The U.S. policy of avoiding involvement in European wars and conflicts.

George Washington's advice to avoid foreign alliances and conflicts.

Legislation that modernized the U.S. military and established the National Guard.

A Mexican revolutionary leader who attacked the U.S. town of Columbus in 1916.

U.S. Army general tasked with capturing Pancho Villa.

A major conflict in Mexico (1910-1920) leading to political and social reform.

Legislation aimed at building the U.S. Navy into a global force.

The Mexican port where U.S. Marines were sent in 1914 to prevent arms shipments.

America's constrained ability to engage in international politics during early 20th century.

The U.S.'s attempts to update and strengthen its military capabilities amidst global tensions.

The strategy of avoiding alliances and conflicts, particularly in relation to Europe.

Legislation passed in 1917 to draft men for military service.

A movement advocating for workers' rights and voluntary conditions.

An intelligence test for literate soldiers in WWI.

A nonverbal intelligence test for illiterate soldiers during WWI.

Psychologist who developed Army intelligence tests during WWI.

The belief in improving the human population through controlled breeding.

The practice of separating white and Black soldiers in WWI.

Black troops faced discrimination but sought equality through service in WWI.

Women joined military and civilian organizations during WWI.

Organizations that provided education and recreation for soldiers in Europe.

Process used to assess mental fitness of soldiers drafted in WWI.

Efforts by the U.S. government to maintain order among troops abroad.

Basic health standard for military service outlined during conscription.

Report detailing physical and mental issues found in draftees in 1919.

Women contributed significantly to wartime efforts through volunteer roles.

A policy of not supporting either side in a conflict.

A British ocean liner sunk by German submarines in 1915, killing many Americans.

A secret communication from Germany proposing an alliance with Mexico against the USA.

Germany's military strategy to defeat France quickly and then focus on Russia.

A naval strategy where submarines attack all ships without warning.

The US declared war on Germany on April 4, 1917, entering the conflict.

Naval barriers to prevent trade and supplies reaching enemy nations.

By 1914, the US produced one-third of the world's manufactured goods.

A type of combat where opposing troops fight from trenches.

The sentiment of the American public shifted towards wanting to enter WWI.

Military personnel lost or wounded in a conflict.

The act of preparing and organizing troops for active service.

The practice of enlisting soldiers who chose to join the military.

Demands made by Austria to Serbia prompting WWI.

Strong financial ties that influenced nations' stances in WWI.

Women who served as telephone operators for the Signal Corps during WWI.

Women who enlisted as clerical workers in the Navy during WWI.

The first groups of women who joined the Marine Corps in July 1918.

About 25,000 nurses served in the Army and Navy Nurse Corps during the war.

A hundred female doctors contracted by the military during WWI.

Female medical personnel were not commissioned officers, limiting their military status.

Millions of women volunteered in organizations like the American Red Cross during WWI.

Women organized communal efforts like rolling bandages and fundraising for war support.

Racial segregation that limited Black women from serving in military roles.

Black women found it hard to serve due to racial discrimination, often forming auxiliary units.

Black women organized support for the nearly 200,000 Black soldiers during WWI.