World War 1 - Causes and Motivations
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Questions and Answers

What does 'No Man’s Land' refer to in the context of warfare?

  • The area behind friendly lines
  • The frontline trenches
  • The first line of defense
  • The area between enemy positions (correct)
  • Patriotism is defined as a lack of concern for one's country.

    False (B)

    What is a pacifist?

    A person who is against violence in all circumstances.

    The practice of using ideas to persuade people, often with misleading information, is called _____ .

    <p>propaganda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms to their correct definitions:

    <p>Pal’s Battalions = Groups of volunteers from the same area who fight together Rolling Barrage = Bombardment preceding troops as they advance Trench Foot = Medical condition from prolonged exposure to wet conditions Reconnaissance = Gathering information about the enemy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the public perception of conscientious objectors during the time?

    <p>They were often viewed as cowards. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Bryce Commission interviewed many witnesses to verify the reports of German atrocities.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the government's propaganda efforts before conscription?

    <p>To encourage men to enlist in the armed forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Conscription refers to __________ military service.

    <p>compulsory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many Belgian civilians were reported to have died during the German advance into Belgium?

    <p>5000 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the term with its definition:

    <p>Coward = A person who is too scared to fight. Conscription = Compulsory military service. Enlist = To join the army. Censorship = Preventing people from seeing or hearing unpleasant news.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common consequence faced by Belgian civilians during the German advances?

    <p>Many were shot or killed as reprisals or from the fighting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The government made considerable efforts to verify the truth behind reports of German atrocities.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Military Service Act introduced in January 1916?

    <p>It required men aged 18 to 41 to serve in the armed services. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All conscientious objectors (COs) agreed to do some form of service during the war.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many men were registered as conscientious objectors (COs)?

    <p>16,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pacifists are individuals who are against __________ in all circumstances.

    <p>violence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of men believed the war was being fought for the benefit of wealthy factory owners?

    <p>Socialists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of conscientious objectors to their descriptions:

    <p>Pacifists = Opposed to all forms of violence Socialists = Opposed to killing fellow workers Absolutists = Refused any service related to the war Conditional COs = Agreed to serve in non-combat roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Men who ran small businesses faced difficulties if they or their employees __________.

    <p>enlisted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pacifist Christians were the only group that registered as conscientious objectors.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event triggered the start of World War I?

    <p>Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Militarism had no impact on the tensions leading to World War I.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one reason why men volunteered to fight in World War I.

    <p>Patriotism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The two main alliance groups in World War I were the __________ and the __________.

    <p>Triple Alliance, Triple Entente</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following causes of World War I with their descriptions:

    <p>Militarism = The desire to build powerful armed forces Alliances = Agreements to support each other in war Imperialism = Competition for territories and colonies Nationalism = Belief in the superiority of one's nation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT a reason why some men resisted enlisting?

    <p>Financial motivations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pals’ Battalions consisted of soldiers who did not know each other.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did women hand out to men who resisted enlisting in the war?

    <p>White feathers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The assassination of the heir to the Austrian throne occurred on __________.

    <p>June 28, 1914</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one anticipated outcome of the war when men initially enlisted?

    <p>It would be over by Christmas 1914 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Causes of WWI

    A complex mix of factors including militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism that led to the outbreak of WWI.

    Alliance System

    Agreements between countries to protect each other, increasing the risk of war if one country was attacked.

    Archduke Franz Ferdinand

    The heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, whose assassination was the immediate trigger for WWI.

    Militarism

    The glorification of military power and aggressive expansion.

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    Imperialism

    The desire of countries to expand their empires.

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    Nationalism

    Strong loyalty and devotion to one's nation.

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    Pals' Battalions

    Military units formed by men from the same towns or cities, often with strong morale.

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    WW1 Volunteer Reasons

    Patriotism, duty, adventure, escaping poverty or poor circumstances.

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    British Propaganda

    Information or media used to influence public opinion, demonizing the enemy.

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    WWI Start (Date)

    June 28, 1914 — assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

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    Conscription

    Compulsory military service, where the government forces men to join the army.

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    Propaganda

    The use of ideas, often including lies, to persuade people to think and behave in a certain way.

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    Censorship

    Preventing people from seeing or hearing unpleasant news.

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    Coward

    A person who is too scared to fight.

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    Conscientious Objector

    A man who refuses to fight on grounds of conscience or religious beliefs.

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    Enlist

    To join the army or armed forces voluntarily.

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    Fatigues

    The boring everyday duties and jobs soldiers had to do in the trenches.

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    Bryce Commission

    A report by Lord Bryce that claimed German atrocities against Belgians, later proven to be fabricated.

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    Conscription in WWI

    Mandatory military service during World War I, introduced in January 1916 to address volunteer shortages.

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    Military Service Act

    The law introduced in January 1916 that established conscription in Britain during WWI.

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    Conscientious Objector (CO)

    A person who refused to fight in a war due to moral or ethical beliefs.

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    Pacifist COs

    Conscientious Objectors who objected to all wars, rooted in religious or ethical beliefs against violence.

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    Socialist COs

    Conscientious Objectors who rejected WWI specifically, believing it was fought for the benefit of wealthy factory owners and not for the working class.

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    Absolutist COs

    Conscientious objectors who refused any service that could aid the war effort in any way, even non-combative roles.

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    Exemptions (Conscription)

    Certain categories of people were exempt from conscription, mostly those deemed essential for the nation's economy, such as miners and shipyard workers, sometimes those with conscientious objections.

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    Post-war CO treatment

    COs faced harsh treatment after the war, including imprisonment or additional limitations on their rights, like loss of voting rights.

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    No Man's Land

    The dangerous, unclaimed territory between opposing trenches in World War I.

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    Over the Top

    The act of soldiers leaving their trenches to attack the enemy in World War I.

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    Trench Foot

    A severe condition caused by prolonged exposure of the feet to water and cold, causing swelling, pain, and potential tissue damage.

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    Rolling Barrage

    A continuous, intense artillery bombardment that moved forward alongside advancing troops, suppressing enemy fire.

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    What is 'Reconnaissance'?

    The act of gathering information about the enemy's strength, positions, and plans.

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    Study Notes

    World War 1 - Causes and Motivations

    •  World War 1 resulted from decades of escalating tensions among major European powers, culminating in the formation of two opposing alliance groups.
    •  The Triple Alliance comprised Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy, while the Triple Entente consisted of Britain, France, and Russia.
    •  France's desire for revenge against Germany stems from Germany's seizure of French territories in the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871).
    •  Great Britain was concerned about Germany's naval strength.
    •  Russia feared German influence in the Balkans (Southeast Europe).
    •  A major event triggering the war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, in June 1914.
    •  The assassination led Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia, activating the complex alliance system and drawing other major powers into the conflict. Within a week, Britain and France were at war with Austria-Hungary and Germany.
    •  Numerous men volunteered in 1914 and 1916 to fight due to patriotic sentiments, a sense of duty, the desire for adventure (escaping poverty or prison), and the hope of camaraderie in "Pals Battalions."
    •  British propaganda and nationalistic fervor played a role in motivating men to join the military. Germans were depicted negatively as "Beastly Huns."

    World War 1 - Motivations for Opposing the War

    •  Initially, men volunteered to fight; however, as the war continued, many reasons to oppose the war arose.
    •  Some men opposed the war for religious or moral reasons.
    •  Others opposed the war for economic or social reasons. For instance, factory workers were reluctant to fight, believing it profited only wealthy factory owners.
    •  Conscientious objectors were men who refused to fight for moral or religious reasons.
    •  During the war, conscription (mandatory military service) was implemented as sufficient volunteers were not available. The Military Service Act (1916) exempt those with a valid conscientious objection from immediate military service.
    •  Men who opposed the war for practical reasons, such as running small businesses or having family responsibilities, were not always well-received.

    World War 1 - Propaganda and Censorship

    •  The government used propaganda to motivate men to volunteer for military service.
    •  German atrocities were often exaggerated in propaganda, but there was little scrutiny of these claims, especially by groups like the Bryce Commission, which led to a widespread public desire for revenge against Germany.

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    Explore the intricate causes and motivations behind World War 1, including the formation of alliances and the tensions that led to conflict. Understand the impact of key events such as the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and the role of major powers in the war's outbreak.

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