World Trade Organization Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary disadvantage of bartering?

  • It requires a complex set of rules.
  • Bartering always leads to unfair trades.
  • It does not involve money and is very simple.
  • It is difficult to find people who need what you have. (correct)
  • Which of the following was NOT used as a bartering item in early trade?

  • Feathers
  • Metal coins (correct)
  • Shells
  • Salt
  • What was the first recognizable form of metal coins made in China around 1000 BC?

  • Gold rings
  • Miniature hoes and bill hooks (correct)
  • Paper money
  • Small bronze celts
  • Why did early traders prefer to move from bartering to using money?

    <p>Goods were perishable and hard to trade. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first mint established to manufacture coins was located in which region?

    <p>Lydia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did Lydia's King Alyattes mint the first official currency?

    <p>600 BC (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is described by the act of making a coin by stamping metal?

    <p>Minting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material did the Chinese initially transition to after using metal coins?

    <p>Paper (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the currency exchange rate established by the Coinage Act in 1903?

    <p>2 PHP = 1 USD (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which series of banknotes replaced the Ang Bagong Lipunan series in 1985?

    <p>New Design series (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a mobile wallet typically store?

    <p>Payment information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the Filipinization of coins and notes begin?

    <p>In the 60s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which company printed the first currencies of the Central Bank of the Philippines?

    <p>Thomas de la Rue &amp; Co., Ltd (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology commonly operates mobile payments?

    <p>Complex encryption and tokenization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Quick Response (QR) code?

    <p>A matrix barcode readable by smartphones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which currency system did the monetary system in the Philippines follow initially?

    <p>Gold standard (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medium of exchange was universally accepted in the colony of Quebec?

    <p>Beaver pelts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of King Croesus in relation to monetary systems?

    <p>He introduced the first bimetallic monetary system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which currency represented the first distinctive Canadian coins in the mid-1600s?

    <p>Spanish dollars (piastres) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material were barter rings made of in ancient times?

    <p>Gold (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which currency was minted in the Philippines to address the shortage of fractional coins?

    <p>Barillas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ancient site shows evidence of the use of Electrum before King Croesus's time?

    <p>Artemisium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name given to the first local form of coinage in the Philippines?

    <p>Piloncitos (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Asian countries did the Philippines trade with during the Spanish Era?

    <p>Thailand, China, Japan, India (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of QR codes in payment systems?

    <p>They can be scanned from various surfaces, including screens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique characteristic differentiates Magnetic Secure Transmission (MST) from traditional card payments?

    <p>It emits a magnetic signal to imitate credit card strips. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes Near Field Communication (NFC) in mobile payments?

    <p>It utilizes a secure tokenization system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of payment allows users to complete transactions through their mobile carriers?

    <p>Direct carrier billing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'neobank' refer to?

    <p>A digital-only bank operating without physical branches. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology do sound wave-based mobile payments rely on?

    <p>Ultra-low power wireless transmission for data transfer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which service is known for paying for products via text messages?

    <p>Direct carrier billing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does encryption enhance payment security?

    <p>By protecting information using cryptographic codes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Tether (USDT) primarily backed by?

    <p>Fiat currencies like U.S. dollars and the Euro (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cryptocurrency had the highest year-over-year return mentioned?

    <p>Solana (SOL) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much did XRP's price increase from the beginning of 2017 to November 26, 2024?

    <p>$1.35 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the price increase percentage of Cardano’s ADA token from 2017 to November 2024?

    <p>4,447% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic primarily differentiates Dogecoin from many other cryptocurrencies?

    <p>It started as a joke. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What market cap corresponds to Tether (USDT)?

    <p>$132.7 billion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Dogecoin’s price in 2017?

    <p>$0.0002 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Solana (SOL)?

    <p>To facilitate decentralized finance (DeFi), decentralized apps (DApps), and smart contracts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unique mechanism does Solana utilize for transaction processing?

    <p>Proof-of-stake and proof-of-history (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a stablecoin like U.S. Dollar Coin (USDC) primarily designed to do?

    <p>Be backed by U.S. dollars. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the price of Binance Coin (BNB) in 2017?

    <p>$0.10 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cryptocurrency has the largest market cap among those mentioned?

    <p>Dogecoin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage was Avalanche’s year-over-year return?

    <p>103% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was XRP's market cap as mentioned?

    <p>$77.1 billion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a high total value locked (TVL) indicate about a decentralized finance protocol?

    <p>It indicates a high popularity and adaptation rate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the market cap of Avalanche as mentioned?

    <p>$17.0 billion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    What is bartering?

    A direct exchange of goods or services without using money.

    What are some disadvantages of bartering?

    The difficulty of finding someone who wants your goods and the lack of a standard value for goods.

    What is minting?

    The process of making coins by stamping metal.

    How did early Chinese people use metal for money?

    The use of metal pieces, specifically bronze, as currency.

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    What was the first official currency?

    Lydia's King Alyattes minted the first official currency, an alloy of gold and silver, around 600 BC.

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    What was a significant development in Chinese monetary history?

    China's use of paper money in the 7th Century BC was a significant evolution from earlier metal coins.

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    How did money affect international trade?

    The increase in international trade was a consequence of the emergence of money.

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    Does bartering still exist?

    Even in modern times, the use of barter persists, as seen in swap markets and online platforms.

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    Gold Standard in the Philippines

    The Philippines established a modern monetary system based on the gold standard, pledging 2 Philippine pesos equal to 1 US dollar.

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    First Currencies of the Philippines

    The first currencies issued by the Central Bank of the Philippines in 1949 were English series notes printed by Thomas de la Rue & Co., Ltd. in England and coins minted at the US Bureau of Mint.

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    Filipino Coin Designs

    Filipino engraver Melecio Figueroa designed coins from half a centavo to one peso, reflecting a desire for a Filipino identity in monetary representation.

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    Filipinization of Currency

    Starting in the late 60s, the process of replacing foreign designs with Filipino elements on coins and notes began, aiming for greater national representation in monetary symbols.

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    Ang Bagong Lipunan Series

    The Ang Bagong Lipunan series of bank notes, printed by the Security Printing Plant starting in 1978, followed the earlier 'Filipinization' trend with Filipino themes and designs.

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    Mobile Payments

    Mobile payments utilize a portable electronic device like a smartphone to complete transactions using digital wallets stored in apps.

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    Encryption and Tokenization in Mobile Payments

    Digital wallets utilize encryption and tokenization to secure payments, generating time-limited tokens to process transactions.

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    QR Code Payments

    QR codes, a type of matrix barcode readable by smartphones, are used for quick and convenient payments, offering a modern alternative to traditional methods.

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    Barter System in the Philippines

    Before the arrival of the Spaniards, the Philippines, China, Java, Borneo, and Thailand traded goods by exchanging them for one another, a system known as bartering.

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    What did King Croesus invent?

    King Croesus created the first-ever bimetallic monetary system. He minted coins made of pure gold and pure silver. This system was based on the use of two different metals as a standard.

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    What's Electrum?

    A mix of gold and silver called Electrum was used as currency before King Croesus' bimetallic system. This suggests that Electrum was one of humanity's earliest forms of exchange.

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    First Exchange System in Canada

    In Tadoussac, French traders bartered with the Montagnais people for goods. This marked the beginning of a regular exchange system in Canada.

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    Beaver Pelt Currency

    The beaver pelt was the primary currency in early Canadian settlements, particularly in the colony established by Samuel de Champlain. This was due to the high demand for beaver fur for trade.

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    Spanish Coins for Colonies

    Silver and copper coins were specially minted for the Spanish colonies in 1670, showing the shift from barter to coinage. This was a significant step in the evolution of money in the Philippines.

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    Spanish Dollar

    The Spanish dollar, also called piastre, was the coin of the Spanish empire, bringing a standardized currency to trade in the Philippines and Canada during the Spanish colonial era.

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    Cobs / Macuquinas

    The cobs, also known as macuquinas, were silver coins minted by the Spanish in Mexico and other colonies, and used in the Philippines as a form of coinage.

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    What is a Point of Sale (POS)?

    A system where customers make payments for goods and services at a specific location, like a checkout counter.

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    What is Near Field Communication (NFC)?

    A technology that uses radio waves over short distances to enable contactless payments.

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    What is Sound Wave-Based (SWB) or Sound Signal-Based (SSB) Payment?

    A method of mobile payment that uses sound waves to transmit payment data.

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    What is Magnetic Secure Transmission (MST)?

    A mobile payment method where a phone generates a magnetic signal mimicking a credit card's magnetic strip.

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    How do cryptocurrencies use cryptography for security?

    A secure system that uses cryptography to protect information using codes.

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    What is SMS Payment?

    A mobile payment method utilizing a text message for paying for products and services.

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    What is Direct Carrier Billing (DCB)?

    A payment method using a mobile carrier for payment instead of bank details.

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    What is a Payment Link or Pay by Link?

    A type of mobile payment that involves sending a link in an email, text, or social media platform to allow for payment.

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    What is a stablecoin?

    A cryptocurrency that aims to maintain a stable value, typically pegged to a fiat currency like the US dollar.

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    What is Tether (USDT)?

    Tether (USDT) is a cryptocurrency designed to maintain a stable value pegged to the US dollar. It's backed by fiat currencies, making it less volatile than other cryptocurrencies.

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    What is Binance Coin (BNB)?

    BNB is a cryptocurrency that runs on the Binance blockchain. It's used for trading fees and other services on the Binance platform.

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    What is Solana (SOL)?

    Solana is a blockchain platform designed for high-speed and secure transactions. It's used for decentralized finance, decentralized applications, and smart contracts.

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    What is XRP (XRP)?

    XRP is a cryptocurrency associated with the Ripple network, which enables faster international payments. It can be exchanged for other cryptocurrencies and fiat currencies.

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    What is market capitalization in cryptocurrency?

    The market capitalization of a cryptocurrency is calculated by multiplying its current price by the total number of coins in circulation.

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    What is year-over-year return in cryptocurrency?

    The year-over-year return of a cryptocurrency is the percentage change in its price over a 12-month period.

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    What is cryptocurrency?

    Cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security. It operates independently of central banks and typically allows for peer-to-peer transactions.

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    Dogecoin (DOGE)

    A cryptocurrency that began as a joke in 2013, Dogecoin has gained popularity due to its devoted community and use of memes. It differs from many other cryptocurrencies by having no limit on its supply, making it susceptible to devaluation as supply increases.

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    U.S. Dollar Coin (USDC)

    A stablecoin backed by U.S. dollars, aiming for a 1:1 ratio with the USD. It's used for global transactions and is powered by the Ethereum network.

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    Avalanche (AVAX)

    A cryptocurrency characterized by fast transaction speeds and low fees. Avalanche also has a high total value locked (TVL), indicating its popularity and utility in decentralized finance.

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    Total Value Locked (TVL)

    The total value of cryptocurrency assets deposited into decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols like staking, lending, and liquidity pools.

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    Cardano's ADA Token

    Cardano's native token, ADA, has consistently seen steady growth despite being less volatile than other major cryptocurrencies. As of November 2024, its price has risen significantly.

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    Market Capitalization

    The market capitalization of a cryptocurrency, reflecting its total value. It is calculated by multiplying the current price of a cryptocurrency by the total number of coins.

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    Year-over-year Return

    The percentage change in a cryptocurrency's price over a specific period, often measured year-over-year.

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    Supply Increase (in Cryptocurrencies)

    The process of adding new coins to the cryptocurrency supply. In Dogecoin, there is no limit, which can lead to inflation due to increased supply.

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    Study Notes

    World Trade Organization

    • The only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations
    • Goal is to ensure trade flows smoothly, predictably, and freely
    • Helps producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct business

    Roles of WTO

    • Operates a global system of trade rules
    • Acts as a forum for negotiating trade agreements
    • Settles trade disputes between members
    • Supports the needs of developing countries

    Historical Trade Theories

    • Classical theories are country-based, focusing on a country's wealth (e.g., gold and silver).
    • Modern theories are firm-based, explaining trade from a company's perspective
    • Division of labor (separating work into tasks), boosts productivity, and increases efficiency
    • Trade surplus is when a country's exports exceed its imports
    • Smith and Ricardo developed free trade theories, opposing protectionist policies

    Key Figures in Trade Theory

    • David Hume offered the price-specie flow mechanism
    • Industrial capitalism was a phase of capitalism where industries were dominant in production.
    • Free trade offers more goods at affordable prices, while mercantilism limits imports and reduces consumer choices.

    Other Key Economic Concepts

    • Absolute advantage is a country's ability to produce specific goods efficiently and cost-effectively
    • Comparative advantage is a country's ability to produce a particular good at a lower opportunity cost than other countries.

    Bartering

    • Direct exchange of goods and services without money
    • Advantage: Simplicity
    • Disadvantage: Difficulty finding suitable exchanges and lack of standardized values.

    Origin of Money

    • Early forms of money included salt, shells, feathers and animal teeth
    • Traders sought a non-perishable, easily-transportable medium of exchange
    • Metal coins (e.g., hoes, replicas of tools) emerged as a more practical form of money
    • Paper money was used in Ancient China

    History of the Philippine Currency

    • Barter system was the primary form of exchange before Spanish colonization
    • Barter rings and other items were used as a form of money
    • Spanish era saw the introduction of Spanish coins (cobs or macuquinas)
    • Early Philippine coins were often crudely made of bronze or copper.

    Early Coins

    • Lydia (present-day Western Turkey): First mint established
    • Electrum: First official currency, an alloy of gold and silver
    • Bimetallic monetary system developed by King Croesus (pure gold and pure silver coins)
    • Spanish dollars (piastres) were early distinctive Canadian coins.
    • The livre was the currency used in France for several centuries .

    Mobile Payments

    • Money transferred for goods/services using cell phones, tablets, etc.
    • Methods include Near Field Communication (NFC), Sound Wave-based Payments, and Magnetic Secure Transmission (MST)
    • QR codes are used for mobile payments
    • Smart phones are increasingly crucial for payments processes.

    Virtual Currencies

    • Digital/crypto-currencies in community-based form
    • Fiat currencies are forms of money issued by a government
    • E-money is a form of money that exists only electronically
    • Cryptocurrencies use blockchain technology for decentralized ledger processes
    • Cryptocurrencies are often decentralized in nature and are not issued or backed by a government.

    Top 10 5-Star Rated Digital Currencies

    • Bitcoin
    • Ethereum
    • Tether
    • Solana
    • Binance Coin
    • XRP
    • Dogecoin
    • USDC
    • Cardano
    • Avalanche

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    Description

    This quiz covers the essential aspects of the World Trade Organization (WTO) including its roles, historical trade theories, and key figures in trade theory. Test your knowledge on how the WTO influences global trade, its functions, and the impact of various trade theories.

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