Questions and Answers
What does the term Islam mean?
Submission
Which of the following is not an essential part of Islamic belief?
What are the chapters of the Qur'an known as?
Surahs
Who was Khadija?
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In the Islamic tradition, what is a prophet?
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What does the word jihad mean?
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Which country was created in 1947 as a homeland for Muslims in South Asia?
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Which country moved toward embracing secular nationalism after the fall of the Ottoman Empire?
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Which of the following is true about the Sunnah?
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What do the hadith reports cover?
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What is the Night Journey?
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What is the hijra?
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Why did Sunnis and Shias split?
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What are the five daily prayers that Muslims are expected to perform called?
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Which of the following is not one of the Five Pillars of Islam?
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During Ramadan, Muslims are required to fast from dawn to dusk, which means they have to _____ from food, drink, and sex.
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According to many interpretations of Islamic law, Muslim men are allowed to marry up to _____ wives.
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Which of the following statements is true about Ali?
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Which of the following is part of Muslim belief?
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When Muhammad received the revelation of the Qur'an, he was about _____ years old.
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What did Jamal al-din al-Afghani advocate?
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Mohammed was one of many prophets.
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After Muhammad started receiving revelations, his preaching was immediately welcomed by most of the people of Mecca.
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The hijra is the term for the migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Cairo.
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The language of the Qur'an is Arabic.
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There is only one source of Islamic law—the Sunnah.
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It is the goal of Sufis to become prophets.
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Muslims believe in the coming Day of Judgment.
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All Muslims today believe that polygamy is the ideal marriage.
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During the month of Ramadan, devout Muslims make the pilgrimage to Mecca.
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One of the Five Pillars is the duty of able Muslims to make the pilgrimage to Baghdad.
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There are many sources of shari'ah, including the Qur'an and the Sunnah.
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During the miraj, or Night Journey, Muhammad ascended to heaven and came into the presence of God.
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Islamic law is no longer used in the world today.
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Muslim reformers in the modern period were not concerned about European colonialism.
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Most African-American Muslims belong to the Nation of Islam.
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Muslims pray and recite the Qur'an in the __________ language.
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One of the Five Pillars of Islam is __________ during the month of Ramadan.
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After his death, the first four successors to Muhammad are called __________.
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__________ refers to Islamic law.
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The __________ reports tell about the life of Muhammad.
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The basic religious duties incumbent upon Muslims are known as the __________.
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The hajj refers to the pilgrimage to __________.
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The martyrdom of __________ was a very important historical event, particularly to Shia Muslims.
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The __________ were the first Muslim dynasty.
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The person who calls Muslims to prayer is known as the __________.
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The country of __________ has the largest Muslim population today.
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Sufi meditation is known as 'recollection' or __________.
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The early Sufi named __________ emphasized the importance of love for God.
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The conservative __________ movement has been very influential in Saudi Arabia.
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What is the call to prayer known as?
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Who is known for transmitting many hadiths and was a beloved wife of Muhammad?
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What is the Arabic term for God?
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Who is known as the leader of the Muslim community after the death of Muhammad?
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What is the term that refers to the practice of recollection or remembrance in Sufism?
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What is the literary tradition recording the sayings and deeds of the Prophet Muhammad?
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What refers to the annual pilgrimage to Mecca, one of the Five Pillars of Islam?
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What is the term for the migration of the early Muslim community from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE?
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Who is the prayer leader in Shi'a tradition, one of the leaders of the Muslim community following the death of the Prophet Muhammad?
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What does the Arabic term for submission to God refer to?
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What is the term for the chain of transmission of hadith?
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What was the term for the 'age of ignorance' before the revelation of the Qur'an?
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What are the concepts of striving in Islam described as 'greater' and 'lesser'?
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What city was the birthplace of Muhammad and is a pilgrimage site for Muslims?
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What city did Muhammad and his early followers migrate to escape persecution in Mecca?
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What was the term for Muhammad's Night Journey from Mecca to Jerusalem and from there to heaven?
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What is the term for the place of prayer in Islam?
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What is the term for the person who calls the adhan?
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What is the significance of the Qur'an in Islam?
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What is the month in which Muslims must fast daily from dawn until dusk?
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What refers to the daily prayers which are a pillar of Islam?
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What is the term for the mandatory fast during the month of Ramadan?
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What is the declaration of faith in Islam known as?
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What does the term 'shari'ah' refer to?
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What is the title sometimes used for someone with a high degree of religious learning?
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What is the name of one of the two major branches of Islam that believed Ali should have succeeded Muhammad?
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What is the unforgivable sin in Islam, the sin of idolatry?
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What do we call followers of Sufism, the mystical tradition of Islam?
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What does the term 'Sunnah' refer to?
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What do we call the other major branch of Islam that believes in community decision-making for leadership?
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How many Surahs are there in the Qur'an?
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What is the interpretation or commentary on the Qur'an called?
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What does the term 'Umma' refer to?
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What is the regulated almsgiving in Islam known as?
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Study Notes
Islam Overview
- Meaning of Islam: The term "Islam" translates to "submission," signifying submission to the will of God.
- Five Pillars of Islam: Core practices include the shahadah (declaration of faith), salat (daily prayers), zakat (almsgiving), sawm (fasting during Ramadan), and hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca).
Key Terms and Concepts
- Surahs: Chapters of the Qur'an, with a total of 114 surahs in the text.
- Jihad: Means "to strive or struggle," referring to both personal improvement and defense of faith.
- Hijra: The emigration of Muhammad and early Muslims from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE, marking the start of the Islamic calendar.
Immediate Historical Context
- Khadija: The first wife of Prophet Muhammad, influential in supporting his early mission.
- Night Journey (Miraj): Describes Muhammad's journey to Jerusalem and ascension to heaven, highlighting his profound spiritual experiences.
Islamic Leadership and Sectarian Divisions
- Caliph: The title for the leader of the Muslim community following Muhammad's death.
- Sunnis and Shias: Major branches of Islam resulting from differing beliefs regarding leadership succession after Muhammad.
Important Figures
- Muhammad: Final prophet in Islam, known for receiving the revelations of the Qur'an.
- Ali: Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law, central figure for Shia Muslims.
- Jamal al-din al-Afghani: 19th-century reformer advocating for resistance against colonialism.
Islamic Law and Texts
- Shari'ah: Islamic law encompassing a broad array of legal guidelines derived from the Qur'an and Sunnah.
- Hadith: Recorded sayings and actions of Muhammad, forming a crucial part of Islamic tradition.
- Tafsir: Interpretation and commentary on the Qur'an, aiding understanding of its meanings.
Major Beliefs and Practices
- Day of Judgment: Belief in an eventual Day of Reckoning, where all will be held accountable for their deeds.
- Ramadan: Holy month of fasting from dawn until dusk, fostering spiritual growth and self-discipline.
- Zakat: Obligatory almsgiving aimed at assisting those in need, a key aspect of community welfare.
Sufi Tradition
- Sufi: A follower of Sufism, focusing on personal experiences and unity with God.
- Dhikr: Sufi practice of remembrance of God through meditation and invocation.
Cultural and Demographic Aspects
- Mecca: Birthplace of Muhammad; central pilgrimage site for Muslims.
- Medina: First community of Muslims founded after the hijra.
- Indonesia: Country with the largest Muslim population today.
Additional Notable Terms
- Adhan: The Islamic call to prayer, recited by the muezzin.
- Ummah: Refers to the global community of Muslims, emphasizing unity and shared faith.
- Sunnah: The example set by Muhammad, guiding Muslim behavior and beliefs.
- Wahhabi Movement: A conservative Islamic reform movement that gained prominence in Saudi Arabia.
Misconceptions
- Polygamy: Not all Muslims believe in polygamy as an ideal marriage; interpretations vary.
- Sources of Islamic Law: There are multiple sources, including both the Qur'an and Sunnah.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 12 of World Religions. Dive into terminology and definitions that are crucial for understanding Islamic beliefs and practices. Perfect for students preparing for exams or anyone looking to deepen their understanding of this vital subject.
