World Religions Chapter 12 Flashcards
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World Religions Chapter 12 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does the term Islam mean?

Submission

Which of the following is not an essential part of Islamic belief?

  • Belief in angels
  • Belief in sorcery (correct)
  • Belief in one God
  • Belief in prophets

    • What are the chapters of the Qur'an known as?

    Surahs

    Who was Khadija?

    <p>The first wife of the prophet Muhammad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Islamic tradition, what is a prophet?

    <p>Someone who receives communication or a message from God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the word jihad mean?

    <p>To strive or struggle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country was created in 1947 as a homeland for Muslims in South Asia?

    <p>Pakistan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country moved toward embracing secular nationalism after the fall of the Ottoman Empire?

    <p>Turkey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the Sunnah?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the hadith reports cover?

    <p>Life of Muhammad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Night Journey?

    <p>When Muhammad traveled to Jerusalem, ascended to heaven, and came into the presence of God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hijra?

    <p>The emigration of the early Muslim community from Mecca to Medina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Sunnis and Shias split?

    <p>Due to a difference in opinion over who should lead the Muslim community following Muhammad's death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five daily prayers that Muslims are expected to perform called?

    <p>Salat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not one of the Five Pillars of Islam?

    <p>Jihad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During Ramadan, Muslims are required to fast from dawn to dusk, which means they have to _____ from food, drink, and sex.

    <p>Abstain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to many interpretations of Islamic law, Muslim men are allowed to marry up to _____ wives.

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about Ali?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is part of Muslim belief?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When Muhammad received the revelation of the Qur'an, he was about _____ years old.

    <p>40</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Jamal al-din al-Afghani advocate?

    <p>Resistance to European colonialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mohammed was one of many prophets.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After Muhammad started receiving revelations, his preaching was immediately welcomed by most of the people of Mecca.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hijra is the term for the migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Cairo.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The language of the Qur'an is Arabic.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There is only one source of Islamic law—the Sunnah.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is the goal of Sufis to become prophets.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muslims believe in the coming Day of Judgment.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All Muslims today believe that polygamy is the ideal marriage.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the month of Ramadan, devout Muslims make the pilgrimage to Mecca.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the Five Pillars is the duty of able Muslims to make the pilgrimage to Baghdad.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There are many sources of shari'ah, including the Qur'an and the Sunnah.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the miraj, or Night Journey, Muhammad ascended to heaven and came into the presence of God.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Islamic law is no longer used in the world today.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muslim reformers in the modern period were not concerned about European colonialism.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most African-American Muslims belong to the Nation of Islam.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muslims pray and recite the Qur'an in the __________ language.

    <p>Arabic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the Five Pillars of Islam is __________ during the month of Ramadan.

    <p>fasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After his death, the first four successors to Muhammad are called __________.

    <p>caliphs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ refers to Islamic law.

    <p>Shari'ah</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ reports tell about the life of Muhammad.

    <p>hadith</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The basic religious duties incumbent upon Muslims are known as the __________.

    <p>Five Pillars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hajj refers to the pilgrimage to __________.

    <p>Mecca</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The martyrdom of __________ was a very important historical event, particularly to Shia Muslims.

    <p>Husayn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ were the first Muslim dynasty.

    <p>Umayyads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The person who calls Muslims to prayer is known as the __________.

    <p>muezzin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The country of __________ has the largest Muslim population today.

    <p>Indonesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sufi meditation is known as 'recollection' or __________.

    <p>Dhikr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The early Sufi named __________ emphasized the importance of love for God.

    <p>Rabi'a</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The conservative __________ movement has been very influential in Saudi Arabia.

    <p>Wahhabi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the call to prayer known as?

    <p>Adhan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known for transmitting many hadiths and was a beloved wife of Muhammad?

    <p>Aisha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Arabic term for God?

    <p>Allah</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known as the leader of the Muslim community after the death of Muhammad?

    <p>Caliph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that refers to the practice of recollection or remembrance in Sufism?

    <p>Dhikr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the literary tradition recording the sayings and deeds of the Prophet Muhammad?

    <p>Hadith</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What refers to the annual pilgrimage to Mecca, one of the Five Pillars of Islam?

    <p>Hajj</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the migration of the early Muslim community from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE?

    <p>Hijra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the prayer leader in Shi'a tradition, one of the leaders of the Muslim community following the death of the Prophet Muhammad?

    <p>Imam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Arabic term for submission to God refer to?

    <p>Islam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the chain of transmission of hadith?

    <p>Isnad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the term for the 'age of ignorance' before the revelation of the Qur'an?

    <p>Jahiliyya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the concepts of striving in Islam described as 'greater' and 'lesser'?

    <p>Jihad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What city was the birthplace of Muhammad and is a pilgrimage site for Muslims?

    <p>Mecca</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What city did Muhammad and his early followers migrate to escape persecution in Mecca?

    <p>Medina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the term for Muhammad's Night Journey from Mecca to Jerusalem and from there to heaven?

    <p>Miraj</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the place of prayer in Islam?

    <p>Mosque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the person who calls the adhan?

    <p>Muezzin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Qur'an in Islam?

    <p>The holy text of Muslims; the Word of God as revealed to Muhammad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the month in which Muslims must fast daily from dawn until dusk?

    <p>Ramadan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What refers to the daily prayers which are a pillar of Islam?

    <p>Salat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the mandatory fast during the month of Ramadan?

    <p>Sawm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the declaration of faith in Islam known as?

    <p>Shahadah</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'shari'ah' refer to?

    <p>The way to the water hole; specifically, Islamic law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title sometimes used for someone with a high degree of religious learning?

    <p>Shaykh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of one of the two major branches of Islam that believed Ali should have succeeded Muhammad?

    <p>Shi'a</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unforgivable sin in Islam, the sin of idolatry?

    <p>Shirk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do we call followers of Sufism, the mystical tradition of Islam?

    <p>Sufi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Sunnah' refer to?

    <p>Way of life or custom; specifically refers to the example of the life of the prophet Muhammad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do we call the other major branch of Islam that believes in community decision-making for leadership?

    <p>Sunni</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many Surahs are there in the Qur'an?

    <p>114</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the interpretation or commentary on the Qur'an called?

    <p>Tafsir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Umma' refer to?

    <p>The worldwide Muslim community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the regulated almsgiving in Islam known as?

    <p>Zakat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Islam Overview

    • Meaning of Islam: The term "Islam" translates to "submission," signifying submission to the will of God.
    • Five Pillars of Islam: Core practices include the shahadah (declaration of faith), salat (daily prayers), zakat (almsgiving), sawm (fasting during Ramadan), and hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca).

    Key Terms and Concepts

    • Surahs: Chapters of the Qur'an, with a total of 114 surahs in the text.
    • Jihad: Means "to strive or struggle," referring to both personal improvement and defense of faith.
    • Hijra: The emigration of Muhammad and early Muslims from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE, marking the start of the Islamic calendar.

    Immediate Historical Context

    • Khadija: The first wife of Prophet Muhammad, influential in supporting his early mission.
    • Night Journey (Miraj): Describes Muhammad's journey to Jerusalem and ascension to heaven, highlighting his profound spiritual experiences.

    Islamic Leadership and Sectarian Divisions

    • Caliph: The title for the leader of the Muslim community following Muhammad's death.
    • Sunnis and Shias: Major branches of Islam resulting from differing beliefs regarding leadership succession after Muhammad.

    Important Figures

    • Muhammad: Final prophet in Islam, known for receiving the revelations of the Qur'an.
    • Ali: Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law, central figure for Shia Muslims.
    • Jamal al-din al-Afghani: 19th-century reformer advocating for resistance against colonialism.

    Islamic Law and Texts

    • Shari'ah: Islamic law encompassing a broad array of legal guidelines derived from the Qur'an and Sunnah.
    • Hadith: Recorded sayings and actions of Muhammad, forming a crucial part of Islamic tradition.
    • Tafsir: Interpretation and commentary on the Qur'an, aiding understanding of its meanings.

    Major Beliefs and Practices

    • Day of Judgment: Belief in an eventual Day of Reckoning, where all will be held accountable for their deeds.
    • Ramadan: Holy month of fasting from dawn until dusk, fostering spiritual growth and self-discipline.
    • Zakat: Obligatory almsgiving aimed at assisting those in need, a key aspect of community welfare.

    Sufi Tradition

    • Sufi: A follower of Sufism, focusing on personal experiences and unity with God.
    • Dhikr: Sufi practice of remembrance of God through meditation and invocation.

    Cultural and Demographic Aspects

    • Mecca: Birthplace of Muhammad; central pilgrimage site for Muslims.
    • Medina: First community of Muslims founded after the hijra.
    • Indonesia: Country with the largest Muslim population today.

    Additional Notable Terms

    • Adhan: The Islamic call to prayer, recited by the muezzin.
    • Ummah: Refers to the global community of Muslims, emphasizing unity and shared faith.
    • Sunnah: The example set by Muhammad, guiding Muslim behavior and beliefs.
    • Wahhabi Movement: A conservative Islamic reform movement that gained prominence in Saudi Arabia.

    Misconceptions

    • Polygamy: Not all Muslims believe in polygamy as an ideal marriage; interpretations vary.
    • Sources of Islamic Law: There are multiple sources, including both the Qur'an and Sunnah.

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    Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 12 of World Religions. Dive into terminology and definitions that are crucial for understanding Islamic beliefs and practices. Perfect for students preparing for exams or anyone looking to deepen their understanding of this vital subject.

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