Questions and Answers
What are the Indo-European people who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 BC called?
What is the name of the ten-year war between the Mycenaean Greeks and Troy?
Trojan War
What Greek-speaking people migrated into mainland Greece after the destruction of the Mycenaean civilization?
Dorian
Who is the ancient Greek epic poet believed to have written the 'Iliad' and the 'Odyssey'?
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What is a long poem that tells about legendary or heroic deeds called?
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What are the traditional stories of a culture that tell about their gods and heroes called?
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What is the political unit that consists of a city and its surrounding area called?
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What is the fortified hilltop where people would go for protection and to discuss government issues called?
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What type of government is ruled by a king or queen?
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What type of government is in the hands of the nobility or wealthy landowning families?
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What is the system of government in which a small group of people holds power called?
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What term describes a powerful individual who gained control of the government by appealing to the common people in ancient Greece?
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What is a form of government in which the supreme authority rests with the people?
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What were the ancient Messenians called after they were conquered by the Spartans?
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What ancient military formation consisted of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields?
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What were the conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire called?
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What is a form of government where citizens rule directly and not through representatives called?
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What art form emphasized harmony, order, and proportion in ancient Greece?
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What is one of the two main types of drama that features a tragic hero?
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What type of drama made respected people and ideas ridiculous through humor?
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What was the war lasting from 431 to 404 B.C. in which Athens was defeated by Sparta?
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What does it mean to be a 'Lover of Wisdom' and search for truth?
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Who was the Greek philosopher that believed in absolute right or wrong?
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Who was one of Socrates' students and wrote 'The Republic'?
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Who was a student of Plato and invented a method for arguing according to rules of logic?
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Who became the king of Macedonia and transformed it into a powerful army?
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What kingdom did Philip II of Macedonia rule that was located north of Greece?
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Who conquered much of the ancient world and initiated the Hellenistic culture?
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Who was the Persian king defeated by Alexander the Great?
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What term describes the blending of Greek cultures with those of Persia, Egypt, and India?
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What city founded by Alexander the Great became a center of Hellenistic culture?
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Who was the Greek mathematician who wrote 'The Elements'?
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Who was the Hellenistic mathematician who estimated the value of pi?
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What was the large Hellenistic statue created on the island of Rhodes called?
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Who was the great Greek warrior from the 'Iliad' known for his heel?
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Who is the daughter of Zeus and goddess of wisdom?
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What battle did Philip II of Macedonia win, ending Greek independence?
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Who was the Athenian leader who established a council of 500?
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Who was the Athenian orator that warned Greeks about Philip II?
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Who was the Greek mathematician and astronomer who estimated the circumference of the earth?
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Who developed the school of thought called Epicureanism?
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What is a person devoted to refined enjoyment called?
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What was the site of a significant battle in 331 BC between Alexander the Great and Darius III?
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Who was the noble hero of Troy killed during the Trojan War?
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Who wrote 'Theogony', discussing the Greek gods?
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Who was the Greek astronomer and mathematician believed to have discovered the precession of the equinoxes?
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What epic poem by Homer tells about the Trojan War?
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What is the highest mountain in Greece where many gods were believed to live?
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Who ran from Marathon to Athens to announce the Greek victory over Persia?
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What was the capital of the Persian Empire destroyed by Alexander the Great?
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Who was the Athenian reformer that established laws easing the burden of debt on farmers?
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Which Greek city-state was focused on military and ruled by oligarchy?
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What naval battle during the Persian War did Greek forces win against the Persians?
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What philosophy taught that happiness comes from following reason?
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What narrow mountain pass did 300 Spartan soldiers famously defend?
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What is the epic poem by Hesiod that provided much of Greek mythology?
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Who founded the philosophy called Stoicism?
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Who is considered the king of the Greek gods?
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Study Notes
Mycenaean Civilization
- Indo-European people settled in the Greek mainland around 2000 BC.
- Known for their remarkable achievements in trade, art, and architecture.
Trojan War
- Ten-year conflict between Mycenaean Greeks and the city-state of Troy in Anatolia.
- Begins with the abduction of Helen by a Trojan Prince.
Dorian Invasion
- Greek-speaking people who migrated into Greece around 1200 BC after Mycenaean civilization collapse.
- Led to economic decline and the loss of writing skills.
Homer
- Ancient Greek epic poet credited with composing the "Iliad" and "Odyssey" around 850 BC.
- His works are foundational to Greek literature and mythology.
Definition of Epic and Myth
- Epic: Long poems recounting legendary or heroic deeds.
- Myth: Traditional cultural stories explaining gods and heroes.
City-States and Governance
- Polis: City-state comprising a city and its surrounding territory.
- Acropolis: Fortified hilltop of a polis used for protection and government discussions.
- Types of government included monarchy (ruled by kings/queens), aristocracy (nobility rule), oligarchy (small groups hold power), tyranny (powerful leaders appealing to commoners), and democracy (supreme authority with people).
Helots and the Military
- Helots: Conquered Mesenians who became Spartan agricultural slaves.
- Phalanx: Military formation of foot soldiers that emphasized discipline and coordination.
Persian Wars
- Series of conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, culminating in Greek victories.
- Significant battles include Marathon, where Darius's expedition failed; the Ionian Revolt also preceded these conflicts.
Drama and Philosophy in Ancient Greece
- Tragedy: Serious drama focusing on themes like love, hate, and betrayal, featuring tragic heroes.
- Comedy: Dramatic works that employed humor and satire to critique society.
- Key philosophers included Socrates, Plato (wrote "The Republic"), and Aristotle (formulated logic).
Rise of Macedonia and Alexander the Great
- Philip II of Macedonia unified Greece and set the stage for expansion.
- Alexander the Great, his son, expanded the empire to Asia Minor, Egypt, and India, creating the Hellenistic culture.
Hellenistic Era
- Characterized by the blending of Greek culture with Persian, Egyptian, and Indian influences.
- Alexandria emerged as a cultural and commercial hub, known for its Library and Museum.
Contributions to Science and Mathematics
- Euclid: Mathematician known for "The Elements," vital for modern geometry.
- Archimedes: Physicist and mathematician who estimated pi and invented basic machines.
Colossus of Rhodes
- A prominent Hellenistic statue standing over 100 feet tall, considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
Notable Figures and Events
- Achilles: The iconic Greek warrior of the "Iliad," known for his vulnerability at his heel.
- Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC): Philip II's defeat of Athenians and Thebans marks the end of Greek independence.
- Demosthenes: Athenian orator who warned of the Macedonian threat, ultimately defeated at Chaeronea.
- Gaugamela (331 BC): Critical battle where Alexander defeated Darius III, marking the decline of the Persian Empire.
Cultural Heritage and Arts
- Classical art focused on harmony and ideal beauty.
- Epicurus and Stoicism presented contrasting philosophies on happiness and ethics.
Additional Historical Elements
- Salamis: Naval battle in the Persian Wars where Greek forces emerged victorious.
- Thermopylae: The site of a heroic stand by 300 Spartans against the Persian army.
- Theogony: Hesiod's work that outlines Greek mythology.
Influence and Legacy
- The governmental structures and philosophical ideas from this era heavily influenced Western civilization.
- Ancient Greek advancements in art, drama, and science laid the groundwork for future generations.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key terms from World History Chapter 5, focusing on the Mycenaeans and the Trojan War. This quiz will help you understand important events and groups that shaped ancient Greek civilization. Utilize these flashcards to prepare for exams or enhance your historical knowledge.
