Questions and Answers
How did Japan change in the 1920s and 1930s?
During the 1920s, Japan's economy grew, its government became more liberal, and it drew back from expansion. In the 1930s, ultranationalist groups took control of Japan, restricted freedoms, and renewed drives to expand.
What changes occurred in Japan in the 1920s?
Democracy grew as political parties grew stronger, exerted their power in the Diet, and extended rights. The economy grew.
How did nationalists respond to the Great Depression?
They demanded renewed expansion. A group of army officers concocted an excuse to seize Manchuria without consulting the government.
What role did geography play in Japan's desire to expand its empire?
Signup and view all the answers
Why might a nation turn to military leaders and extreme nationalists during a crisis?
Signup and view all the answers
What changes did western society and culture experience after WW2?
Signup and view all the answers
How did flappers symbolize changes in Western society during the 1920s?
Signup and view all the answers
How did the ideas of Einstein and Freud contribute to a sense of uncertainty?
Signup and view all the answers
What political and economic challenges did the leading democracies face in the 1920s and 1930s?
Signup and view all the answers
How did Britain and France emerge from WW1 as both victors and losers?
Signup and view all the answers
What steps did major powers take to protect the peace, and why did these moves have limited effects?
Signup and view all the answers
Explain how each of the following contributed to the outbreak or spread of the Great Depression: (a) falling demand, (b) Federal Reserve Board, (c) financial crisis.
Signup and view all the answers
How did the Great Depression affect political developments in the United States?
Signup and view all the answers
How and why did fascism rise in Italy?
Signup and view all the answers
What problems did Italy face after WW1 and how did these problems help Mussolini win power?
Signup and view all the answers
Describe one of Mussolini's economic or social goals and explain the actions he took to achieve it.
Signup and view all the answers
List 2 similarities and two differences between fascism and communism.
Signup and view all the answers
Mussolini said 'machines and women are the two main causes of unemployment.' (a) What do you think he meant? (b) How did Mussolini's policies reflect his attitude toward women?
Signup and view all the answers
How did Stalin transform the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state?
Signup and view all the answers
What were the goals and results of Stalin's five-year plans? How did the effects differ between industry and agriculture?
Signup and view all the answers
How did the command economy under Stalin differ from a capitalist economy?
Signup and view all the answers
What methods did Stalin use to create a totalitarian state?
Signup and view all the answers
How did Hitler and the Nazi party establish and maintain a totalitarian government in Germany?
Signup and view all the answers
List 3 problems faced by the Weimar Republic.
Signup and view all the answers
What racial and nationalistic ideas did Nazis promote?
Signup and view all the answers
What were some of the restrictions that Hitler placed on German Jews?
Signup and view all the answers
Why did dictators gain power in much of Eastern Europe?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Japan in the 1920s and 1930s
- Economic growth characterized Japan's 1920s, with a more liberal government and reduced expansionist ambitions.
- Ultrnationalist groups gained control in the 1930s, leading to restricted freedoms and renewed imperialism, particularly in Manchuria.
Political Landscape Changes in Japan
- Political parties strengthened during the 1920s, asserting influence in the Diet.
- Expansion of rights occurred alongside economic development during this period.
Nationalists and the Great Depression
- In response to the Great Depression, Japanese nationalists advocated for renewed territorial expansion.
- Army officers executed a plan to invade Manchuria, bypassing government discussions.
Geographic Influences on Japanese Expansion
- Japan’s status as a small island nation spurred its desire for territorial expansion to secure natural resources and manage population overflow.
Military Leaders in Times of Crisis
- During crises, nations tended to rely on military leaders and ultranationalists for promises of security and cultural revival.
Changes in Western Society Post-WWI
- The younger generation rejected Victorian values, causing social rebellion.
- Writers and artists critically expressed disillusionment and explored new artistic styles, prompting scientific advancements.
Representation of Social Changes: Flappers
- Flappers symbolized the rejection of Victorian moral standards, signifying a cultural shift in the 1920s.
Contributions of Einstein and Freud
- Einstein's theories suggested that measurements of space and time are not absolute, challenging traditional scientific understandings.
- Freud emphasized the importance of the subconscious, raising doubts about the supremacy of reason in human behavior.
Challenges for Leading Democracies
- Post-war democracies struggled with rebuilding ravaged economies and faced political unrest amidst a growing economic crisis.
Britain's and France's Post-WWI Status
- Britain and France emerged victorious but confronted significant political divisions and fragile economies.
Efforts to Maintain Peace
- Major powers signed treaties and relied on the League of Nations to prevent aggression, though enforcement proved ineffective.
Causes of the Great Depression
- Falling consumer demand led to overproduction issues.
- Interest rate hikes by the Federal Reserve Board decreased both spending and investment.
- The 1929 financial crisis intensified economic decline.
Impact of the Great Depression on U.S. Politics
- The New Deal resulted in unprecedented federal government involvement in daily American life.
Rise of Fascism in Italy
- Mussolini capitalized on postwar turmoil to establish fascist control, reflecting widespread discontent.
Italy’s Post-WWI Challenges
- Italy faced territorial loss, unemployment, and weak governments, allowing Mussolini to unify support through exploitation of grievances.
Mussolini's Economic Goals
- Aimed for economic growth and workplace stability, he imposed state control over the economy, outlawing strikes.
Comparisons of Fascism and Communism
- Similarities: both supported social change, embraced totalitarianism, and claimed to represent the people's interests.
- Differences: communism sought a classless society, whereas fascism emphasized nationalism and hierarchical class structures.
Mussolini's Views on Women and Employment
- He considered machines and working women as causes for unemployment, advocating for women who bore children while limiting their employment opportunities.
Stalin's Totalitarian Transformation of the USSR
- Stalin centralized government control over all economic activities and used terror tactics to suppress dissent.
Goals of Stalin's Five-Year Plans
- Intended to enhance both industry and agriculture; however, they succeeded in industrial growth but failed to improve agricultural output significantly due to peasant resistance.
Command vs. Capitalist Economies
- In a command economy, the government dictates economic decisions; in a capitalist economy, a free market predominantly controls them.
Methods of Stalin's Totalitarian Control
- Employed stringent measures and violence to quell opposition and enforce conformity within Soviet society.
Hitler’s Rise to Totalitarian Power in Germany
- Hitler ascended to power by promising solutions to national problems, enforcing a regime through political repression and terror.
Challenges of the Weimar Republic
- Faced issues with forming coalition governments, external interference (notably French in the Ruhr), and hyperinflation.
Nazi Racial and Nationalistic Ideologies
- Promoted the idea of Aryan superiority while scapegoating Jewish communities for Germany's issues.
Restrictions on Jewish People Under Hitler
- Jews faced severe restrictions, including bans on intermarriage, education, and certain professions, marking a step towards systemic discrimination.
Dictatorships in Eastern Europe
- Economic distress and ethnic conflicts eroded democratic foundations, facilitating the rise of dictators across the region.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the significant transformations in Japan during the 1920s and 1930s. This quiz focuses on Japan's economic growth, political shifts towards ultranationalism, and societal changes during this tumultuous period. Test your knowledge with these flashcards on Japan's history between the wars.