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Questions and Answers

The equivalent circuit of an induction machine at no load is the same as that of the transformer but with:

  • Open circuited primary
  • Open circuited secondary
  • Short circuited primary
  • Short circuited secondary (correct)

    • Which of these is not a rule of interaction?

  • Etiquette
  • Communication (correct)
  • Ethics
  • Law
  • Morals

    • Within the battery, conventional current flow is:

  • Positive electrode to Negative electrode (correct)
  • Anode to Cathode
  • Cation to Anion

    • Activity on arrow needs to use dummy activities to avoid precedence problem that can happen due to:

    <p>Parallel Activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A DC Voltmeter with coil resistance 150 ohm to be measured with a sensitivity of 10,000 ohm/volt and the voltage Range 0-100V. What type and magnitude of resistance required?

    <p>Series, 1M ohm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The offset of a particular segment varies from:

    <p>0000H to FFFFH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The power gain of 30dB is equivalent to which amplification factor?

    <p>1000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Harmonics in a system are mainly due to:

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Main objective of a transmission system:

    <p>Reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following parallel resistances will have the highest value of the equivalent resistance?

    <p>Two 500 kOhm resistors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the receiver of a wireless system, we must amplify the received signal using:

    <p>A low-noise amplifier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an overcurrent relay is used to protect a circuit with a maximum 3-phase fault current of 8000A, what is the excitation voltage (V) that must be developed by the current transformer?

    <p>120</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a 3-phase system, the neutral is:

    <p>Normal return path for the current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which circuit breaker is used at the distribution level?

    <p>Air circuit breaker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Open circuit test on a transformer is conducted to obtain:

    <p>Core loss only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The electric flux passing out through a closed surface is equal to:

    <p>The total charge enclosed by the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The output is to be maintained at 24V, while the input varies from 120V to 126V with a load current ranging from 0A to 5A. Assume ideal conditions, that is the keep alive current is zero and the Zener resistance RZ is negligible: What is the minimum power of the supply resistor

    <p>550</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum diode power rating that can be used?

    <p>150</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required supply resistance to ensure proper operation of the Zener regulator circuit?

    <p>19</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum Zener current?

    <p>5.3 Amps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Find the total float of activity D for the project:

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The self-discharge rate of a lead-acid battery is least dependent on which of the following factors?

    <p>Concentration (specific gravity) of electrolyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The minimum standard wire gauge of earth wire is:

    <p>16 SWG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The unit of current is:

    <p>Ampere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most economical method of starting a single-phase motor is:

    <p>Capacitance start method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the circuit shown, which resistor(s) is (are) redundant?

    <p>None</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A copper cable used in a plain old telephone service line has a loss of 1.5 dB/km. What is the approximate loss experienced if the user is located 1.5 km from a central office?

    <p>1.5 dB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a lossy transmission line, if the VSWR measured at the antenna end is 1.5, which of the following statements is correct?

    <p>The VSWR measured at transmitter end is equal to 1.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is not typical of a project manager?

    <p>Possesses in-depth technical knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The voltage gain of an amplifier with 9% negative feedback is 10. The voltage gain without feedback will be:

    <p>100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A DC current of 50A is flowing in an isolated wire. What is the magnitude of the magnetic field intensity, H (A/m), 10 cm from the center of the wire, given H = I / 2πr?

    <p>80</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of braking is used in an induction motor?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common or usual method to ensure that the final set of construction documents satisfy the client's program and design goals?

    <p>Have the client review a final check set for compliance with the program requirements and request that any corrections be noted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a cascade amplifier, to reduce the loading effect at the output, the output impedance of the last stage should be:

    <p>Very small</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a cascade amplifier, to reduce the loading effect at the input, the input impedance of the first stage should be:

    <p>Very high</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following circuits will the voltage source produce the most current?

    <p>10 Volt across two 10 Ohm resistances in parallel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following theorem is used for frequency?

    <p>Shannon Theorem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main cause of transformer humming is:

    <p>Vibrations in the core lamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the induction motor speed at no-load is 745 RPM, what is the speed of the motor?

    <p>750 RPM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synchronous speed for a motor is 1600 RPM at 60 Hz. Calculate the number of poles.

    <p>P = 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what region of operation is the base-emitter junction forward biased and the base-collector junction reverse biased for BJT?

    <p>Linear or active</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Zener diode?

    <p>Voltage regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The heat loss inside a straight conductor is 60J upon applying current I for 5s. If the resistance of the conductor is decreased to half, and the same current is applied for 5s, what will be the heat dissipation?

    <p>30J</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do we use a power factor correction device?

    <p>Increase PF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rotor of an induction motor is rotating at synchronous speed, what is the torque?

    <p>Zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The underground cable is laid in a marine environment at system voltage. What shall be the design of the cable insulation?

    <p>√3A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of the wave in the cable if the cable length is 1000m and the time of returning signal is 9.43μsec?

    <p>0.75</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An antenna has an effective aperture of 10m². What additional information is required to determine the amplifier power?

    <p>Power density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    10HP Single phase motor, 0.8 PF, 240V, Efficiency = 0.6. What is the current?

    <p>64.76 A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not an opportunity to do the project?

    <p>Lot of Manpower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For the shown block diagram, what is the dumping ratio O/P / I/P = U/R where S = 1?

    <p>0.4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An alternator is operating at __________ for capacitive loads.

    <p>Leading power factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The activity on node networks describes a project consisting of 8 tasks A-H. What is the minimum time to complete the project?

    <p>17 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A super heterodyne AM receiver with an intermediate frequency (IF) of 455 kHz is to be tuned to listen to a station at 540 kHz. What tuning frequency is used in the local oscillator?

    <p>995 kHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which of the following topologies can 10BaseT not be used without additional hardware conversion?

    <p>Bus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High voltage windings of transformer have _________ resistivity than the low voltage side.

    <p>Equal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ACR of conductor has 7 steel wires and 25 aluminum wires can be specified as:

    <p>25/7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The output D in the circuit is:

    <p>B(A+C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of wave in the cable if the cable length is 1000m and time of returning signal is 9.43μsec?

    <p>0.75</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An alternator is said to be over excited when it is operating at:

    <p>Lagging power factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A synchronous motor is said to be over excited when it is operating at:

    <p>Leading power factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A micro antenna is:

    <p>Integrated antenna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use for fast track scheduling:

    <p>To guarantee project cost prior to the start of building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Harvard Architecture:

    <p>Code and data spaces separated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The direction of the force acting on a moving charge placed in a magnetic field is:

    <p>Perpendicular to the magnetic field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The unit of conductance is:

    <p>Mho</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ABET stands for Accreditation Board for Engineer and Technology.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For the circuit shown, the phase shift of the transfer function V/Vo at very high frequencies is:

    <p>90°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The third harmonic of the Fourier series for the waveform in the figure has a frequency (Hz) of:

    <p>750</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The wire placed on the top of a transmission line is a:

    <p>Ground wire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Consider the three-stage r-f amplifier shown below. For this amplifier configuration, the total noise figure (dB) is most nearly:

    <p>8.6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Of the following engineering disciplines, who would be BEST suited to design and operate an automobile factory?

    <p>Mechanical Engineer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the leakage flux?

    <p>A flux outside the core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fast Tracking in Project means?

    <p>Start the project before the design is complete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    We have three resistances of values 2Ω, 3Ω, 6Ω. Which of the following combinations will give an effective resistance of 4Ω?

    <p>2Ω in series with parallel combination of 3Ω and 6Ω</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This question investigates the performance of the temperature sensor shown below. The temperature sensor is linear with the following circuit voltages.

    Vs = 0 mV at 0°C Vo = 100 mV at 100°C The operation amplifier (op amp) is ideal. At 100°C, the maximum output voltage at Vo/Vs due to the tolerances in Rz is most nearly

    <p>10.1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The condition for successful parallel operation of transformers is:

    <p>All of these</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The output of a NOR gate is HIGH if __________.

    <p>all inputs are LOW</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Digital telecommunication equipment provides connection-oriented AND/OR connection-less service. Connection-oriented service is provided by:

    <p>ATM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Commercial AM Modulation technique is:

    <p>DSB-SC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For fast switching of an NMOS R-pull up inverter (W/L) should be:

    <p>Large</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A real-time kernel is considered a 'bare bones' real-time operating system kernel should provide:

    <p>Task management, file management, memory management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A certain communication signal uses a bandwidth (BW) of 2kHz. What is the classification of this signal?

    <p>Narrowband VLF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an induction motor, no load slip is generally:

    <p>Less than 1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Minimum voltage regulation occurs when the power factor of the load is:

    <p>Leading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In medium-sized induction motors, the slip is generally around:

    <p>4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The manufacturing company gets materials from 2 suppliers, X & Y. If X delays the procurement of materials by 2 days and the company takes 10 days to obtain the material, what shall be the delays (days) for product completion?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an alternator is over-excited:

    <p>PF is lagging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The input impedance of a cascade amplifier will:

    <p>Same as the input impedance of first</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rotor of an induction motor is rotating at synchronous speed. What is Torque?

    <p>Zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the power factor stand for?

    <p>Cosine of the angle between the voltage and current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum gauge size of the earthing cable?

    <p>16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To get rid of DC offset, use:

    <p>High pass filter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For forward biasing:

    <p>Anode 5V cathode 3V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transformer resistivity:

    <p>High voltage equal to low voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amplifier working with good gain in:

    <p>Active region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is MOSFET?

    <p>Transistor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To minimize loading effect, use?

    <p>Capacitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alternator connected on no load condition, what affects the efficiency?

    <p>Armature losses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transformer saturation:

    <p>Low efficiency, high no load losses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will be the output impedance of a cascade amplifier to minimize the loading effect?

    <p>Low</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Uninterruptible Power System has to be connected to the network by:

    <p>Parallel to feed electrical power at critical time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the neutral line in a 3-phase power system?

    <p>As return path for the normal current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An engineer received a new scope of work which is not included in the original scope. What action should he take?

    <p>He has to inform his boss first</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An active filter will:

    <p>Filter and Amplify</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Embedded system should have the best:

    <p>Dynamic response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the gain of an amplifier is 10 and it has negative feedback of 9%, what will be the gain if feedback is removed?

    <p>100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Humming of a transformer is due to:

    <p>Vibration of laminated core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    I = 5 Cos wt + 2 Cos wt, R = 3 Ohms, Find the wattage:

    <p>44</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 1000m cable is terminated with a short circuit at the far end. The first reflected wave appears 9.43μs after the incident wave. The actual velocity in the cable divided by the speed of light is: Vp = 2L/To.

    <p>0.71</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High voltage winding of a transformer has ________ resistivity than the low voltage side.

    <p>Equal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Three 30μF capacitors are connected in a star (Y) form between the terminals A, B, C and a junction point N. The capacitance (μF) between terminals A and B is most nearly:

    <p>15</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The output D in the circuit is:

    <p>B(A+C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Power consumption in the advanced embedded system is:

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calculate the Vout:

    <p>4.3V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Alternator and Synchronous Motor

    • An alternator operates in over-excited condition when the power factor is leading.
    • A synchronous motor is considered over-excited at leading power factor as well.

    Antenna Types

    • Micro antennas are characterized as short antennas, differing from integrated and long antennas.

    Project Scheduling

    • Fast track scheduling is utilized primarily to avoid future cost increases in construction projects.

    Harvard Architecture

    • In Harvard Architecture, code and data spaces are separated, allowing for simultaneous access.

    Magnetic Field Dynamics

    • The force on a moving charge in a magnetic field acts perpendicular to the magnetic field direction.

    Conductance Unit

    • Conductance is measured in mho, which is the reciprocal of ohm.

    ABET Certification

    • ABET represents the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, confirming educational quality in engineering.

    Transfer Function Phase Shift

    • At very high frequencies, the phase shift of the transfer function V/Vo can be -90°.

    Harmonic Analysis

    • The third harmonic frequency in a Fourier series for a specified waveform is significant for analysis.

    Transmission Line Components

    • The wire located on top of a transmission line typically serves as a phase wire.

    RF Amplifier Configuration

    • The noise figure in a three-stage RF amplifier configuration is crucial for performance assessment.

    Leakage Flux

    • Leakage flux refers to the flux that is outside the core and does not link with the primary or secondary.

    Fast Track Project Management

    • Fast tracking entails starting project phases before the preceding design is fully complete.

    Resistance Combinations

    • Effective resistance of 4Ω can be achieved through specific series and parallel combinations of resistances.

    Temperature Sensor Output

    • Output voltage of a temperature sensor can be calculated based on specified circuit voltages across temperature changes.

    Transformer Operation

    • Successful parallel operation of transformers requires matching impedance ratios, polarity accuracy, and identical voltage ratings.

    Logic Gates

    • A NOR gate outputs a HIGH signal when all of its inputs are LOW.

    Connection-oriented Services

    • Connection-oriented digital telecommunications services are exemplified by technologies such as ATM.

    AM Modulation Techniques

    • Commercial AM modulation typically employs DSB-LC (Double Sideband Large Carrier) techniques.

    NMOS Inverter Design

    • NMOS R-pull up inverter design should ideally have a large width-to-length ratio (W/L) for fast switching.

    Real-time Kernels

    • Essential functions of a real-time kernel include task scheduling, dispatching, and inter-task communication.

    Signal Classification

    • A communication signal with a bandwidth of 2kHz is classified as voice grade HF.

    Induction Motor Characteristics

    • No load slip for induction motors is generally very low, often less than 1%.

    Voltage Regulation

    • Minimum voltage regulation occurs when the load power factor is unity, emphasizing energy efficiency.

    Timing Delays in Supply Chains

    • Delays in material procurement significantly impact overall project completion times.

    Alternator Excitation

    • When over-excited, an alternator operates at a leading power factor.

    Cascade Amplifier Input Impedance

    • The input impedance of a cascade amplifier reflects the characteristics of the stage prior to the last.

    Torque in Induction Motors

    • If an induction motor’s rotor rotates at synchronous speed, the resulting torque is zero.

    Power Factor Definition

    • Power factor is defined as the cosine of the angle between voltage and current.

    Earthing Cable Size

    • The minimum acceptable gauge size for earthing cables is typically 8.

    DC Offset Removal

    • To eliminate DC offsets, a high pass filter is generally employed.

    Forward Biasing Criteria

    • Forward biasing in diodes requires the anode voltage to exceed the cathode voltage.

    Transformer Resistivity

    • High voltage transformer windings generally have higher resistivity compared to low voltage windings.

    Cascaded Capacitance in Star Configuration

    • For three capacitors in a star connection, the capacitance between two terminals can be calculated based on their arrangement.

    Digital Circuit Outputs

    • The output of logical circuits can be determined through combinatorial expressions involving inputs.

    Power in Embedded Systems

    • Advanced embedded systems are characterized by low power consumption values typically below 1.

    Vout Calculations

    • Voltage output can be precisely calculated based on circuit specifications.

    Harmonic Sources

    • Harmonics in electrical systems often stem from variable impedance or saturated magnetic loads, including those from power electronic devices.

    Transmission System Objectives

    • Primary goals of power transmission systems focus on reliability, voltage regulation, power factor, and overall efficiency.

    Parallel Resistance

    • Equivalent resistance is highest in configurations with larger individual resistances in parallel.

    Amplification in Wireless Systems

    • Low-noise amplifiers are essential for amplifying signals received in wireless communications.

    Overcurrent Relay Applications

    • Overcurrent relays are critical for protecting electrical circuits against faults, calculated based on current transformer ratios.

    Neutral in 3-Phase Systems

    • In a 3-phase system, the neutral line serves as a normal return path for current.

    Circuit Breakers

    • Standard circuit breakers used in distribution levels play a crucial role in circuit protection and control.### Circuit Breakers
    • Air Circuit Breaker: Utilizes air as the primary medium for arc extinction during fault conditions.
    • Air Blast Circuit Breaker: Employs high-speed air blasts to extinguish arcs, often used in high voltage applications.

    Transformer Testing

    • Open Circuit Test Purpose: Conducted to measure Core Loss, which includes hysteresis and eddy current losses.

    Electric Flux

    • The electric flux through a closed surface equals the total charge enclosed by the surface according to Gauss's Law.

    Zener Regulator Calculations

    • Minimum Power of Supply Resistor: To maintain a 24V output with inputs of 120V to 126V and a load of 5A, minimum power ratings for supply resistors can be calculated.
    • Diode Power Rating: Minimum power rating needs to be determined based on load conditions.
    • Supply Resistance Requirement: Essential to ensure proper operation in Zener regulator setups, calculated via Zener current practices.
    • Maximum Zener Current: Its value is dictated by load requirements and input variations.

    Project Management

    • Common practices involve using checklists, client reviews, and progress meetings to ensure client satisfaction with final construction documents.

    Electrical Concepts

    • Unit of Current: Measured in Amperes (A).
    • Economic Method of Starting Motors: The Split-Phase Method is typically favored for single-phase motors.
    • Self-Discharge Rate of Batteries: Least influenced by the Nominal Voltage of Battery.

    Transmission Line Characteristics

    • Cable Loss: A copper cable has a loss of 1.5 dB/km, meaning if located 1.5km away from the office, the total loss would be approximately 2.25 dB.
    • VSWR Significance: VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) impacts transmission line efficiency and is typically greater at the transmitter end than the antenna end when losses exist.

    Motor Operations

    • Induction motors can use various braking methods: Regenerative, Dynamic, and Plugging.
    • Transformer Noise: The humming is mainly due to vibrations in the core lamination.

    Amplitude and Frequency in Amplifiers

    • In cascade amplifiers, high output impedance is necessary at the last stage to reduce loading effects.
    • For input stages, high input impedance minimizes early stage loading.

    Wave Speed in Cables

    • A cable length of 1000m with a return signal time of 9.43μs yields calculated wave speed, relevant for signal integrity assessments.

    Current Flow in Batteries

    • Conventional Current Flow: Flows from the positive electrode to the negative electrode within a battery system.

    Electrical Gain and Resistance

    • Power Gain: A 30 dB gain equates to an amplification factor of 1000.
    • Resistors in measurement setups are determined by required sensitivity and voltage range, impacting the chosen type and magnitude.

    Antenna Design

    • To fully estimate an amplifier's power requirement, knowledge of the power density and effective aperture of the antenna is essential.

    General Electrical Knowledge

    • Current and voltage measurements require understanding of resistance types (parallel vs. series) and how they relate to overall circuit behavior and efficiency.

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