Worksheet 3-1: Classifying Matter

Questions and Answers

What is matter?

A physical substance.

List at least five common physical properties.

Appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, density.

Iron and oxygen form rust. Is this chemical or physical?

Chemical (correct)

Physical

Iron is more dense than aluminum. Is this chemical or physical?

Physical Signup and view all the answers

Magnesium burns brightly when ignited. Is this chemical or physical?

Chemical Signup and view all the answers

Mercury melts at -39°C. Is this chemical or physical?

Physical Signup and view all the answers

Describe the difference between an element and a compound.

An element is a substance made entirely from one type of atom. A compound is formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together. Signup and view all the answers

Distinguish between three states of matter based on their shape, volume, and compressibility.

Solid: definite shape, definite volume, very hard to compress. Liquid: shape of container, definite volume, hard to compress. Gas: fills container, no definite volume, easy to compress. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the difference between a mixture and a pure substance.

Pure substances are elements and compounds, while mixtures are physically combined structures that can be separated. Signup and view all the answers

What is gold (Au)?

Substance Signup and view all the answers

What is vegetable soup?

Mixture Signup and view all the answers

What is saltwater?

Mixture Signup and view all the answers

What is table salt (sodium chloride)?

Substance Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a heterogeneous mixture and a homogeneous mixture?

Homogeneous has the same uniform appearance and composition throughout, while heterogeneous consists of visibly different substances or phases. Signup and view all the answers

Distinguish between suspensions and colloids.

Suspensions have larger disperse particles that can form sediment, while colloids have smaller particles that do not settle. Signup and view all the answers

You shine a beam of light through a colorless liquid and the beam cannot be seen through the liquid. Is this a homogeneous or a heterogeneous mixture? Explain your answer.

Heterogeneous, because you cannot separate the milk from the water. Also, you cannot see through the liquid. Signup and view all the answers

Why would it not work to filter the saltwater mixture?

There are no solids in the saltwater, as the salt has dissolved. Signup and view all the answers

Propose another method for separating water from salt in a saltwater mixture.

Boil the saltwater; the water would evaporate and leave behind the salt. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classification of Matter

Matter is defined as a physical substance in the universe.
Common physical properties include appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, and density.

Types of Changes

Iron and oxygen creating rust exemplifies a chemical change.
Iron's density compared to aluminum is an example of a physical property.
Combustion of magnesium, which burns brightly, is a chemical change.
Melting of mercury at -39°C represents both chemical and physical properties.

Elements vs. Compounds

An element consists entirely of one type of atom.
A compound is formed from two or more chemically bonded elements.

States of Matter

Solid: Has a definite shape and volume; difficult to compress.
Liquid: Takes the shape of its container, has a definite volume; hard to compress.
Gas: Fills its container, has no definite volume; easy to compress.

Mixtures vs. Pure Substances

Pure substances can be classified into elements and compounds.
Mixtures consist of physically combined substances that can be separated back into their original components.

Types of Mixtures

Homogeneous Mixture: Uniform appearance and composition, often referred to as a solution.
Heterogeneous Mixture: Consists of visibly different substances or phases.

Suspensions vs. Colloids

Suspensions contain larger dispersed particles that eventually settle out, forming sediment.
Colloids consist of smaller, undissolved particles that remain evenly distributed and do not settle.

Examples and Separation Techniques

Gold (Au) is classified as a substance.
Vegetable soup and saltwater are examples of mixtures.
Table salt (sodium chloride) is a compound.
Filtering saltwater is ineffective because it has no solid particles; boiling is a proposed method to separate water from salt through evaporation.

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Test your knowledge on the classification of matter with this flashcard quiz. It covers definitions of matter, common physical properties, and the distinction between physical and chemical changes. Perfect for students learning about physical science concepts.