Worksheet 3-1: Classifying Matter

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Questions and Answers

What is matter?

A physical substance.

List at least five common physical properties.

Appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, density.

Iron and oxygen form rust. Is this chemical or physical?

  • Chemical (correct)
  • Physical

Iron is more dense than aluminum. Is this chemical or physical?

<p>Physical (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Magnesium burns brightly when ignited. Is this chemical or physical?

<p>Chemical (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mercury melts at -39°C. Is this chemical or physical?

<p>Physical (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the difference between an element and a compound.

<p>An element is a substance made entirely from one type of atom. A compound is formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Distinguish between three states of matter based on their shape, volume, and compressibility.

<p>Solid: definite shape, definite volume, very hard to compress. Liquid: shape of container, definite volume, hard to compress. Gas: fills container, no definite volume, easy to compress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the difference between a mixture and a pure substance.

<p>Pure substances are elements and compounds, while mixtures are physically combined structures that can be separated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is gold (Au)?

<p>Substance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is vegetable soup?

<p>Mixture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is saltwater?

<p>Mixture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is table salt (sodium chloride)?

<p>Substance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a heterogeneous mixture and a homogeneous mixture?

<p>Homogeneous has the same uniform appearance and composition throughout, while heterogeneous consists of visibly different substances or phases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Distinguish between suspensions and colloids.

<p>Suspensions have larger disperse particles that can form sediment, while colloids have smaller particles that do not settle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

You shine a beam of light through a colorless liquid and the beam cannot be seen through the liquid. Is this a homogeneous or a heterogeneous mixture? Explain your answer.

<p>Heterogeneous, because you cannot separate the milk from the water. Also, you cannot see through the liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why would it not work to filter the saltwater mixture?

<p>There are no solids in the saltwater, as the salt has dissolved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Propose another method for separating water from salt in a saltwater mixture.

<p>Boil the saltwater; the water would evaporate and leave behind the salt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is matter?

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

What are physical properties?

Characteristics of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's chemical makeup.

What is a chemical change?

A change in the chemical composition of a substance, resulting in a new substance with different properties.

What is a physical change?

A change in the physical appearance of a substance, but not its chemical composition.

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What is an element?

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

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What is a compound?

A substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio.

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What are the characteristics of a solid?

A fixed shape and volume, difficult to compress.

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What are the characteristics of a liquid?

Takes the shape of its container, fixed volume, difficult to compress.

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What are the characteristics of a gas?

Takes the shape of its container, no fixed volume, easy to compress.

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What is a mixture?

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded. Each substance retains its own properties.

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What is a pure substance?

A pure substance with a fixed composition and properties.

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What is a homogeneous mixture?

A mixture where the components are evenly distributed.

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What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A mixture where the components are not evenly distributed.

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What is a suspension?

A heterogeneous mixture where the particles of one substance are suspended in another, but will settle over time.

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What is a colloid?

A heterogeneous mixture where the particles are evenly distributed and do not settle.

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Is saltwater a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture?

A homogeneous mixture.

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Is muddy water a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture?

A heterogeneous mixture because the particles are large enough to be seen and settle over time.

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How can you separate salt from a saltwater mixture?

Evaporation, which separates the water from the salt by boiling the water and leaving the salt behind.

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Study Notes

Classification of Matter

  • Matter is defined as a physical substance in the universe.
  • Common physical properties include appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, and density.

Types of Changes

  • Iron and oxygen creating rust exemplifies a chemical change.
  • Iron's density compared to aluminum is an example of a physical property.
  • Combustion of magnesium, which burns brightly, is a chemical change.
  • Melting of mercury at -39°C represents both chemical and physical properties.

Elements vs. Compounds

  • An element consists entirely of one type of atom.
  • A compound is formed from two or more chemically bonded elements.

States of Matter

  • Solid: Has a definite shape and volume; difficult to compress.
  • Liquid: Takes the shape of its container, has a definite volume; hard to compress.
  • Gas: Fills its container, has no definite volume; easy to compress.

Mixtures vs. Pure Substances

  • Pure substances can be classified into elements and compounds.
  • Mixtures consist of physically combined substances that can be separated back into their original components.

Types of Mixtures

  • Homogeneous Mixture: Uniform appearance and composition, often referred to as a solution.
  • Heterogeneous Mixture: Consists of visibly different substances or phases.

Suspensions vs. Colloids

  • Suspensions contain larger dispersed particles that eventually settle out, forming sediment.
  • Colloids consist of smaller, undissolved particles that remain evenly distributed and do not settle.

Examples and Separation Techniques

  • Gold (Au) is classified as a substance.
  • Vegetable soup and saltwater are examples of mixtures.
  • Table salt (sodium chloride) is a compound.
  • Filtering saltwater is ineffective because it has no solid particles; boiling is a proposed method to separate water from salt through evaporation.

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